Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Schuyler A. Smith Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Publication_Date: 20201231 Title: Shoreline change rates along the coast of California from 1998 to 2016 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: point shapefile Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P91QSGXF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91QSGXF Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f9317b882ce720ee2d5970a Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Schuyler A. Smith Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Publication_Date: 2020 Title: California shorelines and shoreline change data, 1998-2016 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: point and polyline shapefiles Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P91QSGXF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91QSGXF Description: Abstract: This dataset contains California shoreline change rates derived from mean high water (MHW) shorelines from 1998 (in Central and Southern California) and 2002 (in Northern California) to 2016. The MHW elevation in each analysis region (Northern, Central, and Southern California) maintained consistency with that of the National Assessment of Shoreline Change. The operational MHW line was extracted from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) using the ArcGIS smoothed contour method. Within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), end-point rates (EPR) of shoreline change were calculated between the 1998/2002 and the 2016 shorelines at a transect spacing of 50 meters to provide a long-term perspective of sandy shoreline behavior along the coast of California. Purpose: This work is one portion of ongoing coastal monitoring efforts for California and the western United States. These data provide an estimate of past shoreline positions and shoreline change throughout California, with the goal of understanding how shorelines change over time and in response to El Nino events. The data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify and assess possible areas of vulnerability. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19980418 Ending_Date: 20160501 Currentness_Reference: Dates of datasets used in the analysis Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -114.14 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.42 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.00 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.53 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: El Nino-Southern Oscillation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sea level change Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme_Keyword: El Nino events Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5f9317b882ce720ee2d5970a Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: State of California Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Northern California Place_Keyword: Central California Place_Keyword: Southern California Place_Keyword: NorCal Place_Keyword: CenCal Place_Keyword: SoCal Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: California Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Schuyler A. Smith Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The impacts of the 2015/2016 El Nino on California’s sandy beaches Other_Citation_Details: Smith, S.A., and Barnard, P.L., 2020, The impacts of the 2015/2016 El Nino on California’s sandy beaches: Geomorphology Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107583 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Estimates of shoreline position accuracy using mean high water lines derived from LiDAR DEMS have been cross checked with satellite-derived shorelines, shorelines derived by the national assessment of shoreline change, and in-situ data collected by GPS surveys. However, lack of alternate data collection methods during this time limits the amount of validation possible for this dataset. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone QA/QC and fall within expected/reasonable ranges. The MHW elevation in each analysis region (Northern, Central, and Southern California) maintained consistency with that of the National Assessment of Shoreline Change. Completeness_Report: These geospatial projections are complete. Any gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of nonexisting data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and references carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the lidar-derived shorelines was conducted for each region. Within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) the uncertainty values for both shoreline positions used in the end-point rate (EPR) calculation were squared, then added together (summation of squares). The square root of the summation of squares was divided by the number of years between the two shorelines to determine the uncertainty of the end-point rate. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Although no formal vertical position accuracy assessment was conducted, the uncertainty associated with each LiDAR-derived shoreline is comprised of the vertical (and horizontal) uncertainty of the source DEM. It is assumed that uncertainty associated with the extraction of the MHW line from a DEM is negligible. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Publication_Date: 2016 Title: NOAA LiDAR surveys of the Central California region 1998-2016 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA Digital Coast Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19980101 Ending_Date: 20160528 Source_Currentness_Reference: data collection dates Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA LiDAR Source_Contribution: MHW shoreline positions were digitized from multiple LiDAR data sets within the full geographic extent of the study area from 1998 - 2016. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Data from Southern California Coastal Response to 2015-2016 El Nino Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Data from Southern California Coastal Response to the 2015-2016 El Nino Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: University of California San Diego Library Digital Collection Online_Linkage: https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/collection/bb80931629 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20151006 Ending_Date: 20160322 Source_Currentness_Reference: data collection dates Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SoCal LiDAR Source_Contribution: Using ArcGIS, MHW shorelines were extracted from these airborne LiDAR datasets collected on 6-October-2015 and 22-March-2016. Process_Step: Process_Description: High-accuracy LiDAR data were downloaded from NOAA Digital Coast in the form of digital elevation models (DEMs) for both pre-El Nino (2015) and post-El Nino (2016), as well as 1998/2002 for perspective. Due to sparse LiDAR data coverage in southern California, SoCal LiDAR from UC San Diego Library Collections was used in this region. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA LiDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SoCal LiDAR Process_Date: 20170701 Process_Step: Process_Description: The operational MHW line was extracted using the ArcGIS smoothed contour method with the smoothing tolerance parameter set to 30 m alongshore. The NAVD88 datum was used for the MHW elevation. The mean high water (MHW) shoreline elevation in each analysis region (Northern, Central, and Southern California) maintained consistency with that of the National Assessment of Shoreline Change. Process_Date: 20170815 Process_Step: Process_Description: The smoothed contour line was then quality controlled to remove artifacts, as well as remove any contour tool interpretation of human-made infrastructure (such as jetties, piers, and sea walls), using satellite imagery available in ArcGIS. Process_Date: 20180401 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using the uncertainty values reported in the DEM metadata, the DEM vertical uncertainty was converted to horizontal uncertainty using the slope of the beach at 50-meter points along the MHW line, using the following steps: Slope maps were created from the DEMS within ArcMap using the 3D Analyst Raster Surface Slope tool. Next, the MHW lines were converted to 50-meter-spaced points, at which the slope value of the DEM was extracted. The average of these values for North, Central, and Southern California was used to convert the vertical uncertainty of the DEM to a horizontal uncertainty. Finally, the horizontal uncertainty and converted vertical uncertainty were summed in quadrature to calculate a final uncertainty value associated with each shoreline. Process_Date: 20180615 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), the 2016 MHW shoreline was buffered to create an offshore baseline. From this baseline, shore-normal transects were cast at 50-meter intervals. Current and historical satellite imagery from Google Earth and ArcGIS were used to manually remove transects that intersected rocky headlands, cliffs, or human-made structures without fronting beaches. Additionally, transects that intersected primarily rocky beaches (cobble-boulder sediment size) were deleted due to lack of confidence in the ability of the MHW line to reflect shoreline change in these areas. Within DSAS, end-point rates (EPR) of change were calculated between the 1998/2002 and the 2016 shorelines at 50-m spacing to provide a long-term perspective of shoreline behavior. Process_Date: 20180801 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: California shoreline change rates for the years 1998/2002 to 2016 Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile of shoreline change rates displayed as points along the 2016 shoreline. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: originators at United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute: Attribute_Label: Region Attribute_Definition: Region of California where contributing shorelines were used to determine change rates Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: n Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NorCal, Northern California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: c Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: CenCal, Central California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: SoCal, Southern California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: AlongShrID Attribute_Definition: Unique number associated with each point in this dataset, with 0 being the northernmost point and increasing southward. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12567 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: NA Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: EPR Attribute_Definition: Long-term end-point rate shoreline change along specified transects, ending with 2016 shoreline. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.26 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.64 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: RateUncert Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty associated with rate of defined shoreline change Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.11 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.16 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: MHW_Elev Attribute_Definition: MHW elevation (NAVD88) used to define contributing shorelines Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.33 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.81 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Effective date of end-point MHW shoreline positions Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2016 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2016 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTM_X Attribute_Definition: Position of shoreline change end-point in 2016, x-coordinate in UTM (zone 10). Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 402538 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1051134 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTM_Y Attribute_Definition: Position of shoreline change end-point in 2016, y-coordinate in UTM (zone 10). Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3619235 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4573966 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Long Attribute_Definition: Position of shoreline change end-point in 2016, coordinate in degrees longitude. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -124.16 Range_Domain_Maximum: -117.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lat Attribute_Definition: Position of shoreline change end-point in 2016, coordinate in degrees latitude. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 32.57 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.31 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in shapefile format. Shoreline change rates are for the entire state of California. CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata is zipped with the dataset. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.6 Format_Specification: Features are in shapefile format and are projected in NAD 1983 UTM zone 10 coordinates with a geographic coordinate system of GCS North American 1983. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file includes a shapefile of shoreline change rates and the XML (.xml) version of the metadata File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.06 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f9317b882ce720ee2d5970a Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91QSGXF Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of 1998-2016 shoreline change rate data and metadata. The second link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201231 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: California Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998