Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Eric E Grossman Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Andrew W Stevens Originator: Nathan R VanArendonk Originator: Sean Crosby Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 20231211 Title: Salish Sea water level simulation projections: 2016-2099 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P946SC3L Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Eric E Grossman Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Andrew W Stevens Originator: Nathan R VanArendonk Originator: Sean Crosby Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P946SC3L Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Grossman, E.E., Tehranirad, B., Stevens, A.W., VanArendonk, N.R., Crosby, S., and Nederhoff, K., 2023, Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Description: Abstract: Simulations of the period 2016-2099 were conducted using the Salish Sea hydrodynamic model to evaluate extreme water levels associated with anticipated changes in sea level and climate forcing. The model projections accounting for sea level position, tides, remote sea-level anomalies, local winds and storm surge and stream flows as they affect water density. Dynamically downscaled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) CMIP5 GFDL wind and atmospheric pressure fields were prescribed over the model open boundary and used to compute sea-level anomaly prescribed at the model ocean boundary. Simulations were made for eight different Sea-Level Rise (SLR) conditions, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5 meters relative to current conditions (1983-2001 epoch) and provided as time-series outputs along the -5 m depth isobath. Model inputs are also provided. Purpose: These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: This work is part of the ongoing coastal hazard modeling efforts for the State of Washington. For more information on CoSMoS implementation, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/ps-cosmos-puget-sound-coastal-storm-modeling-system. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20151001 Ending_Date: 20990930 Currentness_Reference: time period for which the data were modeled Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -129.1400 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.1500 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.5700 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.0000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Predictions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Wind Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme_Keyword: water level measurements Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Washington Place_Keyword: Salish Sea Place_Keyword: Puget Sound Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502?name=REMOVE.jpg&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: REMOVE Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Eric E Grossman Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Sean Crosby Originator: Andrew W Stevens Originator: Nathan R VanArendonk Originator: Daniel Nowacki Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Patrick Barnard Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Modeling extreme water levels in the Salish Sea: A new method for estimating sea level anomalies for application in hydrodynamic simulations Other_Citation_Details: Grossman, E.E., Tehranirad, B., Nederhoff, C.M., Crosby, S.C., Stevens, A.W., Van Arendonk, N.R., Nowacki, D.J., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L. Modeling Extreme Water Levels in the Salish Sea: The Importance of Including Remote Sea Level Anomalies for Application in Hydrodynamic Simulations. Water 2023, 15, 4167. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234167. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234167. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Deltares Publication_Date: 2020 Title: D-Flow Flexible Mesh User Manual (version 0.9.1) Online_Linkage: https://oss.deltares.nl/web/delft3dfm/manuals Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Florent Lyard Originator: Fabien Lefevre Originator: Thierry Letellier Originator: Oliver Francis Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Modelling the global ocean tides: modern insights from FES2004 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C. Mass Originator: E. Salathe Originator: E. Steed Originator: J. Baars Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Modeling extreme water levels in the Salish Sea: A new method for estimating sea level anomalies for application in hydrodynamic simulations Other_Citation_Details: Mass, C.F., Salathe Jr, E.P., Steed, R., Baars, J., 2022. The mesoscale response to global warming over the pacific northwest evaluated using a regional climate model ensemble. Journal of Climate 35, 2035–2053. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0061.1 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0061.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: S. Coles Originator: J. Bawa Originator: L. Trennar Originator: P. Dorazio Publication_Date: 2001 Title: An introduction to statistical modeling of extreme values. Other_Citation_Details: Coles, S., Bawa, J., Trenner, L., Dorazio, P., 2001. An introduction to statistical modeling of extreme values. volume 208. London. Springer. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3675-0. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The Salish Sea model constructed with Delft3D has been validated with observations. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Missing data have been filled with NaN values. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric DEM locations that vary in accuracy cell be cell as reported in Tyler and others (2020). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted for these future projections but are consistent with expected values and assumed comparable to validated accuracy Grossman and others (XXXX) and Grossman and others (2017¬–2020 validation simulations, this same data release). Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Tyler, D.J. Originator: Danielson, J.J. Originator: Grossman, E.E. Originator: Hockenberry, R.J. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Topobathymetric Model of Puget Sound, Washington, 1887 to 2017 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P95N6CIT Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200504 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Tyler and others (2020) Source_Contribution: Elevations and bathymetry for US waters Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Publication_Date: 2021 Title: CMIP5 Wind and Sea Level Pressure Maps Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: CMIP5 Online_Linkage: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/ Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20151001 Ending_Date: 20990930 Source_Currentness_Reference: time period for which the data were modeled Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP5 Source_Contribution: atmospheric and oceanic climate variables projections Process_Step: Process_Description: A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Salish Sea constructed using the Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) modeling suite (Deltares, 2020) was used to simulate water levels between October 1, 2016 and September 30, 2099. The model was configured and validated following Grossman and others (XXXX-manuscript) and Grossman and others (2017-2020 validation simulations, this same data release). Oceanic boundaries were forced using astronomic tidal constituents derived from the satellite-derived FES 2012 global tide model (Lyard and others, 2006) and sea-level anomaly was prescribed on the marine boundary using a sea-level anomaly predictor described in Grossman and others (XXXX) and Grossman and others (1985-2015 hindcast simulations, this same data release). Hourly wind and atmospheric pressure fields from the 12-km dynamically downscaled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) CMIP5 GFDL model (Mass and others, 2022) were prescribed on the open boundary and to compute the SLA prescribed at the ocean boundary. Roughness values were calibrated to optimize tidal propagation. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP5 Process_Date: 20210630 Process_Step: Process_Description: Annual Maxima/Generalized Extreme Value (AM/GEV) and peak-over-threshold/Generalized Pareto Distribution (POT/GPD) analyses following Coles and others (2001) were conducted on the simulated 2016-2099 water level results along the -5m isobath to estimate water level extreme recurrence. Water levels associated with the daily, annual, 5-yr, 10-yr, 20-yr, 50-yr and 100-yr recurrence for the time period 2016-2099 were computed for plausible sea level rise scenarios of 0m, 0.25m, 0.50m, 1.00m, 1.50m, 2.00m, 3.00m, and 5.00m anticipated by the year 2100. Process_Date: 20211215 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Zip files containing modeled extreme water levels along the -5 m isobath Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: netCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. Attributes are latitude and longitude for each location, as well as significant water level time-series, tidal constituents' phases and amplitudes, and model input samples. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The data are presented in three zipped datasets. The first two datasets contain extreme water levels along the 5m isobath of the Salish Sea using GEV (GEV_Salish_Sea_projected_extreme_WLs.zip) and GPD (GPD_Salish_Sea_projected_extreme_WLs.zip) analysis, respectively. The third file contains the model setup files (model-setup-files-projections-2016-2099.zip). E Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: netCDF Format_Information_Content: File contains estimated extreme water level return periods for the Salish Sea using a GEV analysis on 2016-2099 projection results File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility Transfer_Size: 494 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502?name=GEV_Salish_Sea_projected_extreme_WLs.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: netCDF Format_Information_Content: File contains estimated extreme water level return periods for the 5m depth contour of State of Washington within the Salish Sea using a GPD analysis on 2016-2099 projection results File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility Transfer_Size: 0.6277 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502?name=GPD_Salish_Sea_projected_extreme_WLs.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: netCDF and tab delimited Format_Information_Content: File contains boundary condition inputs for atmospheric pressure and wind forcing in the form of an example for the year 2017 sourced from the CMIP5 GFDL model and computed sea level anomaly time-series for the 2016_2099 projection period used to simulate water levels for water year 2017 using the Salish Sea Hydrodynamic model. Inputs files are to be used with the base Salish Sea Hydrodynamic model used for the 2017-2020 validation. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility Transfer_Size: 2930 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502?name=model_setup_files_projections2016-2099.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63acc990d34e92aad3ca1502 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any software that reads netCDF files, such as Mathworks MATLAB, Python, Panoply. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20231211 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998