Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mary McGann Originator: Randolph J. Enkin Originator: Tark S. Hamilton Originator: J. Vaughn Barrie Originator: Daniel S. Brothers Originator: H. Gary Greene Originator: Katherine L. Maier Originator: James E. Conrad Originator: Rachel M. Lauer Originator: Amy E. East Originator: Kim W. Conway Originator: Peter J. Neelands Originator: Rachel K. Marcuson Publication_Date: 20240419 Title: Radiocarbon age dating of biological material from cores collected off British Columbia, Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S. along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault zone Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-separated values Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P96QMQJT Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: McGann, M., Enkin, R.J., Hamilton, T.S., Barrie, J.V., Brothers, D.S., Greene, H.G., Maier, K.L., Conrad, J.E., Lauer, R.M., East, A.E., Conway, K.W., Neelands, P.J., and Marcuson, R.K., 2024, Radiocarbon age dating of biological material from cores collected off British Columbia, Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S. along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault zone: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96QMQJT. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P96QMQJT Description: Abstract: Results of radiocarbon age dating of planktic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, and pelecypod shell fragments collected from piston cores, trigger weight cores, and IKU grab samples obtained in 2015 and 2017 offshore British Columbia, Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S. along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault zone. Purpose: Two large earthquakes occurred recently along the Queen Charlotte Fault offshore southeastern Alaska (Craig, Alaska in 2013, magnitude 7.5) and western British Columbia (off Haida Gwaii in 2012, magnitude 7.8). These earthquakes led to a realization that offshore hazards in this part of the world are very poorly understood in large part due to the virtual nonexistence of modern seafloor mapping and sedimentological data. To better understand the hazards facing coastal communities of the region (e.g., Juneau, Sitka, Haines, Prince Rupert), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and the USGS acquired marine geophysical and geological data along the along the entire 900 km length of the Queen Charlotte Fault during two cruises (in 2015 and 2017) while onboard the CCGS John P. Tully. Radiocarbon age dating of biological material collected in cores and IKU grab samples along the fault was used to determine sedimentation rates and age of fault offsets. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-622-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-652-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150918 Ending_Date: 20170929 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition at time data were collected. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -137.041742 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -131.263070 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.312402 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.928137 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Habitat Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: chemical analysis Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: marine chemistry Theme_Keyword: radiometric dating Theme_Keyword: carbon-14 analysis Theme_Keyword: organisms Theme_Keyword: protists Theme_Keyword: animals Theme_Keyword: invertebrates Theme_Keyword: mollusks Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: fragile ecosystems Theme_Keyword: chemical oceanography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: foraminifera Theme_Keyword: planktic foraminifera Theme_Keyword: benthic foraminifera Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:63dd38c1d34e9fa19a9ad043 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Dixon Entrance Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) Place_Keyword: British Columbia Place_Keyword: Canada Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4979 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Mac OSX 13.6.4, Microsoft Excel 16.82 for Mac. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Stuiver Originator: H.A. Polach Publication_Date: 1977 Title: Discussion: reporting of 14C data Other_Citation_Details: Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion: Reporting of 14C data: Radiocarbon, v. 19, p. 355-363. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003672 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Stuiver Publication_Date: 1980 Title: Workshop on 14C data reporting Other_Citation_Details: Stuiver, M., 1980, Workshop on 14C data reporting. Radiocarbon, v. 2, p. 964-966. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200010389 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: B.L. Ingram Originator: J.R. Southon Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Reservoir ages in eastern Pacific coastal and estuarine waters Other_Citation_Details: Ingram, B.L., and Southon, J.R., 1996, Reservoir ages in eastern Pacific coastal and estuarine water: Radiocarbon, v. 38, p. 573-582. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200030101 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Stuiver Originator: P.J. Reimer Publication_Date: 1993 Title: CALIB rev.8. Other_Citation_Details: Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P.J., 1993: Radiocarbon, v. 35, p. 215-230. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200013904 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T.J. Heaton Originator: P. Kohler Originator: M. Butzin Originator: E. Bard Originator: R.W. Reimer Originator: W.E.N. Austin Originator: C. Bronk Ramsey Originator: P.M. Grootes Originator: K.A. Hughen Originator: B. Kromer Originator: P.J. Reimer Originator: J. Adkins Originator: A. Burke Originator: M.S. Cook Originator: J. Olsen Originator: L.C. Skinner Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP) Other_Citation_Details: Heaton, T.J., Kohler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R.W., Austin, W.E.N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P.M., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P.J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M.S., Olsen J., and Skinner, L.C., 2020, Marine20 - The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP): Radiocarbon, v. 62, p. 779-820. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M.H. Walczak Originator: A.C. Mix Originator: E.A. Cowan Originator: S. Fallon Originator: L.K. Fifield Originator: J.R. Alder Originator: J. Du Originator: B. Haley Originator: T. Hobern Originator: J. Padman Originator: S.K. Praetorius Originator: A. Schmittner Originator: J.S. Stoner Originator: S.D. Zellers Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Discussion: reporting of 14C data Other_Citation_Details: Walczak, M.H., Mix, A.C., Cowan, E.A., Fallon, S., Fifield, L.K., Alder, J.R., Du, J., Haley, B., Hobern, T., Padman, J., Praetorius, S.K., Schmittner, A., Stoner, J.S., Zellers, S.D., 2020. Phasing of millennial-scale climate variability in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans: Science, v. 370, no. 6516, p. 716-720. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba7096 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: N. Schmuck Originator: J. Reuther Originator: J.F. Baichtal Originator: R.J. Carlson Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Discussion: Quantifying marine reservoir effect variability along the northwest coast of North America Other_Citation_Details: Schmuck, N., Reuther, J., Baichtal, J.F., and Carlson, R.J., 2021, Quantifying marine reservoir effect variability along the northwest coast of North America: Quaternary Research, v. 103, p. 160-181. Online_Linkage: https://doi:10.1017/qua.2020.131 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The age and associated error of the radiocarbon ages are calculated from the fraction modern and its error and the ages are reported according to conventions that the radiocarbon community has adopted. The Conventional Radiocarbon Age is always reported rounded (the NOSAMS convention is reported at https://www2.whoi.edu/site/nosams/calculations-and-reporting-of-results). The fraction modern values and the ages are listed in this data release, so there can be no misinterpretations of these data. The age for the calibration (not rounded) can be calculated using -8033 multiplied by the log normal of the fraction modern and those data have been included herein. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data were checked for logical consistency by the NOSAMS and UCIAMS staffs before release, and by the USGS staff compiling this data release, to confirm that numerical values were not outside a reasonable range for a particular field. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with the ship's Northrop Grumman Sperry Marine Bridgemaster navigational radar operating on the X and S-bands which have 1 degree and 2 degrees horizontal beamwidths, respectively. Also use Radar Loran SatNav Gyro DopLog, with 1-Trimble XL-GPS Global Positioning System with a scan range of 0.6-80 m. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Depth was determined using a using two Elac - LAZ-5100 echosounder systems with a stated accuracy of better than plus or minus 1 percent of the depth reading. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Piston cores, trigger weight cores, and IKU grab samples were collected by personnel from the Pacific Geoscience Centre of the Geological Survey of Canada (PGC) on two cruises (in 2015 and 2017) while onboard the CCGS John P. Tully as part of joint operations by the PGC and the USGS (personnel from Santa Cruz, California and Menlo Park, California). Cores and grab samples were taken in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean off Canada and Alaska along the Queen Charlotte/Fairweather Fault. The cores and grab samples were returned to the PCG facility in Sidney, British Columbia, Canada and placed in a core refrigerator. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Step: Process_Description: Samples for radiocarbon analysis were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility (UCIAMS) at the University of California Irvine. The radiocarbon ages were obtained by a ratio of 14C to 12C using a 14C half-life of 5568 years (Stuiver and Polach, 1977) and then were converted to calibrated calendar ages (cal years BP), with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950, using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). The calibrated ages are reported as the minimum, maximum, and median probability ages at the 95 percent confidence level. The regional marine radiocarbon reservoir correction as defined by Ingram and Southon (1996), using the Marine20 calibration curve (delta R20) for the planktic foraminiferal samples, varied depending upon the age of the sample. The following were used: in the Bolling-Allerod interstade (dates older than 10,700 14C year BP, ca. 14,700-12,900 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 575 plus or minus 165 years; in the Younger Dryas stade (10,700-10,000 14C year BP, ca. 12,900-11,700 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to negative 55 plus or minus 110 years; in the Early Holocene (10,000-8,000 14C year BP, 11,700-9000 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 245 plus or minus 200 years; in the Middle Holocene (8,000-2,000 14C year BP, 9000-2000 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 145 plus or minus 165 years; in the Late Holocene (2,000-200 14C year BP, 2000 cal yr BP to AD 1850), delta R20 equal to 140 plus or minus 110 years; and the Historic period (ages less than 200 14C year BP, ages less than AD 1850),delta R20 equal to 235 plus or minus 95 years (Schmuck and others, 2021). The pelecypods were considered to have lived at shallow depths and so the delta R20 values for the planktic foraminifera was applied to the dating of their shell fragments as well. For the benthic foraminiferal samples, a delta R20 equal to 860 plus or minus 330 years was used for samples less than 42,000 years (Walczak and others, 2020). Process_Date: 2018 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 257 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698214 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_ID Attribute_Definition: name of the sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique alphanumeric identifier for the sample. It includes the year in which the cruise was undertaken (the first four digits), the number of the cruise that year (the next three digits), the institution that took the core (the Pacific Geoscience Centre of the Geological Survey of Canada, PGC), the station number (the next three digits), and the sample interval in cm. All samples are of mixed planktic foraminiferal species unless otherwise stated; others include benthic for benthic foraminiferal species, mollusc for pelecypod shell fragments, benthic infaunal for samples containing only benthic foraminiferal species that live infaunally, and TWIC for trigger weight core. Attribute: Attribute_Label: NOSAMS_Accession_Number Attribute_Definition: Lab specific ID from the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. NAN indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: List of lab IDs Attribute: Attribute_Label: UCIAMS_Accession_Number Attribute_Definition: Lab specific ID from the W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (UCIAMS) facility of the University of California Irvine. 9999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: List of lab IDs Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_Collected Attribute_Definition: Date Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2015-09-18 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2017-09-29 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: YYYY-MM-DD Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude of sample location Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 51.928137 Range_Domain_Maximum: 58.312402 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.000001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude of sample location Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -137.041742 Range_Domain_Maximum: -131.263070 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.000001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site_Description Attribute_Definition: Generalized geographic location Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: List of site geographic locations Attribute: Attribute_Label: Water_Depth_m Attribute_Definition: Water depth of core collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 137 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2516 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_Type Attribute_Definition: Type of sample collected Attribute_Definition_Source: Produce defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: PC Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sample collected with a piston core from a vessel Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: TWC Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sample collected with a trigger weight core from a vessel Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: IKU Grab Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sample collected with a 0.5 cubic meter IKU grab sampler from a vessel Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Station_ID Attribute_Definition: Name of the station. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique alphanumeric identifier for the station. It includes the year in which the cruise was undertaken (the first four digits), the cruise number for that year (the next three digits), the institution that took the core (the Pacific Geoscience Centre of the Geological Survey of Canada, PGC), and the station number (the last three digits). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core_Length_cm Attribute_Definition: Length of core recovered in core. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 23 Range_Domain_Maximum: 517 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_Upper_Depth_Limit_cm Attribute_Definition: Upper depth of sampling interval in core. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 513 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_Lower_Depth_Limit_cm Attribute_Definition: Lower depth of sampling interval in core. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 515 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Material_Radiocarbon_Dated Attribute_Definition: Biological specimen type Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: mixed planktic foraminifera Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: radiocarbon date using the shells of different planktic foraminiferal species Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Produce defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: mixed benthic foraminifera Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: radiocarbon date using the shells of different benthic foraminiferal species Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Produce defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: pelecypod shell fragments Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: radiocarbon date using pelecypod shell fragments Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Produce defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Radiocarbon_Sample_Weight_mg Attribute_Definition: Weight of radiocarbon sample measured. 9999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.84 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.91 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fraction_Modern Attribute_Definition: Fraction modern is a measurement of the deviation of the delta Carbon14 to delta Carbon12 ratio of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0021 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0395 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fraction_Modern_Error Attribute_Definition: Fraction modern error is a measurement of the deviation of the delta-Carbon14 to delta-Carbon12 ratio of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0004 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.0043 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Conv_14C_Age_yrs_BP Attribute_Definition: Conventional Radiocarbon Age calculated using the radiocarbon decay equation (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). The raw age calculated by multiplying -8033 times the natural log of the Fraction Modern as discussed at https://www2.whoi.edu/site/nosams/calculations-and-reporting-of-results/and is reported in years BP, with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850 and a raw age could not be determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 119 Range_Domain_Maximum: 49388 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Conv_14C_Age_Error Attribute_Definition: Standard error for Conventional Radiocarbon Age as reported by NOSAMS or UCIAMS. The raw age error calculated by multiplying 8033 times the Fraction Modern Error divided by the Fraction Modern as discussed at https://www2.whoi.edu/site/nosams/calculations-and-reporting-of-results/and is reported in years BP, with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850 and a raw age error could not be determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2487 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_13C_per_mil Attribute_Definition: delta 13C is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon13 to Carbon12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). 9999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.22 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.80 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_14C_per_mil Attribute_Definition: The relative difference between the absolute international standard (base year 1950) and sample activity corrected for age and delta Carbon13. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977) and Stuiver (1980). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -997.86 Range_Domain_Maximum: 31.14 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Paleoclimatic_period Attribute_Definition: Time periods of distinct paleoclimatic conditions based on dates of planktic foraminifera occupying the water column. Benthic indicates a sample dated using benthic foraminifera and is based on marine bottom water carbon which is taken to not alter with the changing paleoclimate over the last ca. 50,000 years. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021). Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bolling-Allerod interstade Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: dates older than 10,700 14C year BP, ca. 14,700-12,900 cal yr BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Younger Dryas stade Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 10,700-10,000 14C year BP, ca. 12,900-11,700 cal yr BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Early Holocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 10,000-8,000 14C year BP, 11,700-9000 cal yr BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Holocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 8,000-2,000 14C year BP, 9000-2000 cal yr BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Late Holocene Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 2,000-200 14C year BP, 2000 cal yr BP to AD 1850 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Historic period Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ages less than 200 14C year BP; ages less than AD 1850 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Modern Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ages greater than AD 1850 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: defined in Schmuck and others (2021) Attribute: Attribute_Label: dR20_yrs_BP Attribute_Definition: The value of the regional deviation from the ocean reservoir age as defined by Ingram and Southon (1996). Used the Marine20 calibration curve (delta R20) for the planktic foraminiferal samples, which varied depending upon the age of the sample. The following were applied: in the Bolling-Allerod interstade (dates older than 10,700 14C year BP, ca. 14,700-12,900 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 575; in the Younger Dryas stade (10,700-10,000 14C year BP, ca. 12,900-11,700 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to -55; in the Early Holocene (10,000-8,000 14C year BP, 11,700-9000 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 245; in the Middle Holocene (8,000-2,000 14C year BP, 9000-2000 cal yr BP), delta R20 equal to 145; in the Late Holocene (2,000-200 14C year BP, 2000 cal yr BP to AD 1850), delta R20 equal to 140; and in the Historic period (ages less than 200 14C year BP or ages less than AD 1850), R20 equal to 235 (Schmuck and others, 2021). The pelecypods were considered to have lived at shallow depths and so the delta R20 values for the planktic foraminifera was applied to the dating of their shell fragments as well. For the benthic foraminiferal samples, a delta R20 equal to 860 was used for samples less than 42,000 years (Walczak and others, 2020). Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850 and a reservoir age could not be applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -55 Range_Domain_Maximum: 860 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: dR20_error_yrs_BP Attribute_Definition: Error in the value of the regional deviation from the ocean reservoir age as defined by Ingram and Southon (1996). The regional marine radiocarbon reservoir correction error for dates older than 10,700 14C year BP is plus or minus 165 years; from 10,700-10,000 14C year BP, it is plus or minus 110 years; from about 10,000-8,000 14C year BP it is plus or minus 200 years, from 8,000-2,000 14C year BP it is plus or minus 165 years, from 2,000-200 14C year BP it is plus or minus 110 years, and a reservoir correction error factor of 95 was applicable for ages less than 200 years (Schmuck and others, 2021). The pelecypods were considered to have lived at shallow depths and so the delta R20 error values for the planktic foraminifera were applied to the dating of their shell fragments as well. For the benthic foraminiferal samples, the delta R20 error is plus or minus 330 years for samples less than 42,000 years (Walczak and others, 2020). Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850 and a reservoir age error could not be applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 95 Range_Domain_Maximum: 330 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Min_Calib_Age_cal_yrs_BP_95_percent_conf Attribute_Definition: Minimum Calibration Age in calibrated years BP at the 95 percent confidence level with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850. Calculated using CALIB 8.2 software (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Reimer, 1993. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 46547 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Max_Calib_Age_cal_yrs_BP_95_percent_conf Attribute_Definition: Maximum Calibration Age in calibrated years BP at the 95 percent confidence level with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850. Calculated using CALIB 8.2 software (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Reimer, 1993. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 300 Range_Domain_Maximum: 54990 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Med_Calib_Age_cal_yrs_BP_95_percent_conf Attribute_Definition: Median Calibration Age in calibrated years BP at the 95 percent confidence level with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850. Calculated using CALIB 8.2 software (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Reimer, 1993. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 119 Range_Domain_Maximum: 50941 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Med_Calib_Age_Correc_Error_cal_yrs_BP Attribute_Definition: Median Calibration Age error in calibrated years BP at the 95 percent confidence level with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Modern indicates an age greater than AD 1850. Calculated using CALIB 8.2 software (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Reimer, 1993. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 111 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2505 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the comma-separated values file is a header line. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in a comma-delimited text file (QCF_Agedata.csv) which contains results from radiocarbon age dating of biological material from cores collected off British Columbia, Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S. along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault zone. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-separated values Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel 16.82 for Mac Format_Information_Content: .csv file File_Decompression_Technique: none Transfer_Size: 0.063600 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P96QMQJT Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63dd38c1d34e9fa19a9ad043 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any text editor software. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240419 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998