Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nathan R. Vanarendonk Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Daniel J. Nowacki Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 20210929 Title: Eelgrass distributions and bathymetry of Bellingham Bay, Washington, 2019 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P98FD7DX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P98FD7DX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/609da2d4d34ea221ce3c84de Description: Abstract: This data release presents eelgrass distributions and bathymetry data derived from acoustic surveys of Bellingham Bay, Washington. Survey operations were conducted between February 16 and February 21, 2019 (USGS Field Activity Number 2019-606-FA) by a team of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center and Washington State Department of Ecology. Eelgrass and bathymetry data were collected from the R/V George Davidson equipped with a single-beam sonar system and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. The sonar system consisted of a Biosonics DT-X single-beam echosounder and 420 kHz transducer with a 6-degree beam angle. Depths from the echosounder were computed using sound velocity data measured using a YSI CastAway CTD during the survey. Positioning of the vessel was determined at 5 Hz using a Trimble R9s GNSS receiver and Trimble Zephyr Model 2 antenna operating in real time kinematic (RTK) mode. Differential corrections were transmitted by a cellular modem to the GNSS receiver on the survey vessel at 1-Hz from a GNSS continuously operating reference station operated by the Washington State Reference Network (WSRN; http://www.wsrn3.org/) located in the city of Bellingham (station BELI). Output from the GNSS and sonar systems were combined in real time by the Biosonics DT-X deck unit and output to a computer running HYPACK hydrographic survey software. Navigation information was displayed on a video monitor, allowing the vessel operator to navigate along predefined survey lines spaced at 25- to 100-m intervals alongshore at speeds of approximately 2 m/s. Acoustic backscatter data were analyzed using a custom graphical user interface (GUI) that implements a signal processing algorithm applied to each sonar sounding to extract the location of the bottom and presence of vegetation (Stevens and others, 2008 ). Individual acoustic returns along a survey line were grouped into packets of ten, and eelgrass percent cover was calculated as the fractional percent of acoustic returns that were classified as vegetated within each group, resulting in a estimate of percent cover every 4 to 5 m (depending on vessel speed). The positioning data from the bathymetric survey were postprocessed using Waypoint Grafnav to apply differential corrections with data recorded at the GNSS base station BELI and archived by the WSRN; these data superseded the original positions recorded in real time. The GUI was used to combine filtered sonar data with postprocessed positioning data and orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using National Geodetic Survey Geoid12a offsets. The estimated vertical uncertainty of the bathymetric measurements ranged from 2.0 cm to 18.3 cm with a mean of 6.7 cm. Uncertainty in the vertical positions associated with pitch and roll of the survey vessel is unknown. The final point data are provided in a comma-separated text file and are projected in Cartesian coordinates using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 north, meters coordinate system. Purpose: Data were obtained to quantify the extent of eelgrass distributions and bathymetry along the natural and urbanized shorelines of Bellingham Bay, WA. These data are fundamental to the USGS Coastal Habitat in Puget Sound Project (CHIPS) to advance models and understanding of the transport and fate of sediment and sediment-bound contaminants. The CHIPS team will use these data to examine the extent that persistent contaminants like PCBs and PAHs that move with fine sediment accumulate and potentially concentrate in important juvenile salmon and estuarine habitats like eelgrass due to the influence of vegetation on sediment trapping. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify the distributions of eelgrass and shallow-water bathymetric features. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived are available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-606-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20190216 Ending_Date: 20190221 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.6003691 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.4833295 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.7645008 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.6380128 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: bathymetry measurement Theme_Keyword: aquatic vegetation Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: single-beam echo sounder Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System (GPS) observations Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme_Keyword: GPS (Global Positioning System) Theme_Keyword: Echo Sounders Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Project (CHIPS) Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:609da2d4d34ea221ce3c84de Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Salish Sea Place_Keyword: Puget Sound Place_Keyword: Whatcom County Place_Keyword: Nooksack River Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/609da2d4d34ea221ce3c84de?name=bbay19_bathy_eelgrass_tracklines.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Left: map showing bathymetry data along 2019 survey tracklines; Right: map showing eelgrass distribution and percent coverage along 2019 survey tracklines. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: MATLAB Version: 9.3.0.713579 (R2017b) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Jessica R. Lacy Originator: David P. Finlayson Originator: Guy Gelfenbaum Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Evaluation of a single-beam sonar system to map seagrass at two sites in northern Puget Sound, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5009/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication_Date: 2008 Title: IHO standards for hydrographic surveys (5th ed.) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Monaco Publisher: International Hydrographic Bureau Special Publication 44, 28p. Online_Linkage: https://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-44_5E.pdf Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data falls within expected ranges. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Survey-grade positions of the survey vessel were achieved with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) operating in real time kinematic (RTK) mode. Differential corrections were transmitted by a cellular modem to the GNSS receiver on the survey vessel at 1-Hz from a GNSS continuously operating reference station operated by the Washington State Reference Network (WSRN; http://www.wsrn3.org/) located in the city of Bellingham (station BELI). Positioning data were postprocessed using Waypoint Grafnav to apply differential corrections recorded at the GNSS base station BELI and superseded original positions recorded in real time. The estimated uncertainty in the horizontal positions of the survey vessel was estimated based on the distance between survey vessel and GNSS base station. Manufacturer reported accuracy for the differentially corrected horizontal positions for the GNSS rover trajectories is 0.8 cm + 1 ppm. Baselines from the GNSS reference station varied between 970 m and 13 km with a mean of 5.4 km, suggesting the average horizontal accuracy of survey vessel positions to be roughly 1.3 cm. Uncertainty in the horizontal positions associated with pitch and roll of the survey vessel is unknown. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Uncertainty in the final elevations is derived from the combination of uncertainty in the GNSS positioning and bathymetric sounding measurements. The manufacturer-reported accuracy for the differentially corrected vertical positions for the GNSS rover trajectories is 1.5 cm + 1 ppm relative to the base station. Baselines from the GNSS base station varied between 970 m and 13 km with a mean of 5.4 km, suggesting the average vertical accuracy of survey vessel positions to be about 2.0 cm. The manufacturer of the single-beam echosounder used in this study reports a vertical accuracy of 1 cm. Additional uncertainty in the final computed elevations data is related to unmeasured variability in the speed of sound used to compute depths from bathymetric soundings and, thus, is depth-dependent. Based on analysis of available speed of sound measurements, we estimate uncertainties in the final depth soundings to be no greater than 1 percent of the water depth. The total vertical uncertainty is calculated using the constant- and depth-dependent factors summed in quadrature (International Hydrographic Organization, 2008). The vertical uncertainty in final elevations varied between 2 cm and 18 cm with a mean estimated vertical uncertainty of 6.7 cm. Uncertainty in the vertical positions associated with pitch and roll of the survey vessel is unknown. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Eelgrass and bathymetry data were collected from the R/V George Davidson equipped with a single-beam sonar system and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. The sonar system consisted of a Biosonics DT-X single-beam echosounder and 420 kHz transducer with a 6-degree beam angle. Depths from the echosounder were computed using sound velocity data measured using a YSI CastAway CTD during the survey. Positioning of the survey vessel was determined at 5 Hz using a Trimble R9s GNSS receiver and Trimble Zephyr Model 2 antenna operating in real time kinematic (RTK) mode. Differential corrections were transmitted by a cellular modem to the GNSS receiver on the survey vessel at 1-Hz from a GNSS continuously operating reference station operated by the Washington State Reference Network (WSRN; http://www.wsrn3.org/) located in the city of Bellingham (station BELI). Output from the GNSS and sonar systems were combined in real time by the Biosonics DT-X deck unit and output to a computer running HYPACK hydrographic survey software. Navigation information was displayed on a video monitor, allowing the vessel operator to navigate along predefined survey lines spaced at 25-100m intervals alongshore at speeds approximately 2 m/s. Process_Date: 20190221 Process_Step: Process_Description: Raw sonar data were analyzed using a custom graphical user interface (GUI) that implements a signal processing algorithm applied to each sonar sounding to extract the location of the bottom and presence of vegetation (Stevens and others, 2008). Individual acoustic returns along a survey line were grouped into packets of ten, and eelgrass percent cover was calculated as the fractional percent of acoustic returns that were classified as vegetated within each group, resulting in an estimate of percent cover every 4 to 5 m (depending on the vessel speed). The positioning data from the bathymetric survey were postprocessed using Waypoint Grafnav to apply differential corrections with data recorded at the GNSS base station BELI and archived by the WSRN; these data superseded the original positions recorded in real time. The GUI was used to combine filtered sonar data with postprocessed positioning data and orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using National Geodetic Survey Geoid12a offsets. The final point data are provided in a comma-separated text file and are projected in Cartesian coordinates using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 north, meters coordinate system. Process_Date: 20210208 Process_Step: Process_Description: All available eelgrass distribution and bathymetry data from the survey were compiled into a comma-delimited text file for distribution. Process_Date: 20210518 Process_Step: Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Process_Date: 20211013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1033102 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: datetime_utc Attribute_Definition: The date and time of data collection in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2019-02-16 16:44:57.616 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019-02-25 21:38:02.450 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: date and time in yyyy-mmm-dd HH:MM:SS.FFF format Attribute: Attribute_Label: longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983 Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -122.6003691 Range_Domain_Maximum: -122.4833295 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983 Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 48.6360128 Range_Domain_Maximum: 48.7645008 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: easting_m Attribute_Definition: East coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983, projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 10 North, meters, coordinate system Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 529378.07 Range_Domain_Maximum: 538062.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: northing_m Attribute_Definition: North coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983, projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 10 North, meters, coordinate system Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5387342.84 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5401378.02 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: elev_m_navd88 Attribute_Definition: Height in meters of data point with reference to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -17.14 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.45 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: veg_flag Attribute_Definition: Flag that indicates the presence or absence of eelgrass at each location along the survey track Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: eelgrass absent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: eelgrass present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: veg_cover Attribute_Definition: Fractional percent of points classified as vegetated grouped into packets of 10 sequential points Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.00 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fractional percent Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: U.S. Geological Survey - Science Base Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Eelgrass distribution and bathymetry data are available as a comma-delimited text file, along with associated FGDC-compliant metadata and a browse graphic. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text Format_Version_Number: Matlab 9.3.0.713579 Format_Specification: text Format_Information_Content: comma-delimited text file Transfer_Size: 38.3 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/609da2d4d34ea221ce3c84de Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P98FD7DX Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the eelgrass distribution and bathymetry data, metadata, and a browse graphic. The second link points to a landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998