Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Elevation point clouds of the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska acquired July 01 2014, September 07 2014, and July 05 2015 (LAZ file) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: LAS binary data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The first Online Linkage link is to the publication landing page. The second link is to the page containing the data. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Gibbs, A.E., Nolan, M., and Snyder, A.G., 2019, Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models, and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Description: Abstract: Six elevation point cloud files in LAZ format (compressed LAS binary data) are included in this data release: 3 raw point clouds of unclassified and unedited points and 3 modified point clouds that were spatially shifted and edited to remove outliers and spurious elevation values associated with moving water surfaces. An XYZ coordinate shift was applied to each data set in order to register the data sets to an earth-based datum established from surveyed ground control points. Points are unclassified and ground-reflected color values in the red-green-blue (RGB) schema are included. The horizontal coordinate system is WGS84, UTM Zone 7 North meters; vertical coordinates are relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Aerial photographs were collected from a small, fixed-wing aircraft over the coast of Barter Island Alaska on three separate dates: July 01 2014, September 07 2014, and July 05 2015. Precise aircraft position information and structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods were combined to derive high-resolution elevation point clouds. Purpose: These points provide the calculated XYZ (horizontal and vertical) coordinates and RGB (red-green-blue) values of the land surface on the north coast of Barter Island Alaska collected on three dates over one calendar year. The data were acquired in order to demonstrate the utility of using structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods for deriving digital elevation data using imagery acquired from a fixed-wing aircraft in remote environments. Companion data sets, including orthophotomosaics and digital surface models are used to evaluate fine-scale morphological and volumetric change to beaches and permafrost bluffs. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140701 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140907 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150705 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.790570 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.546318 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.137845 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.115080 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: airborne high-resolution data Theme_Keyword: aerial images Theme_Keyword: point cloud Theme_Keyword: Structure-from-Motion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme_Keyword: permafrost Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Barter Island Place_Keyword: Kaktovik Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: United States of America Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766/?name=BTI_LAS_20150705_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image of a portion of the July 2015 point cloud generated from photogrammetry over Barter Island, Alaska. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Martin Isenburg Publication_Date: 2013 Title: LASzip: Lossless compression of LiDAR data Series_Information: Series_Name: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing Issue_Identification: Vol. 79, No. 2, February 2013, pp. 209-217 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bethesda, MD Publisher: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Online_Linkage: https://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/download/laszip.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Publication_Date: 2013 Title: LAS SPECIFICATION VERSION 1.4 R13 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bethesda, MD Publisher: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing Online_Linkage: https://www.asprs.org/committee-general/laser-las-file-format-exchange-activities.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Larsen, C.F. Originator: Sturm, M. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Mapping snow-depth from manned-aircraft on landscape scales at centimeter resolution using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry Series_Information: Series_Name: The Cryosphere Issue_Identification: Vol. 9, pp. 1445-1463 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1445-2015 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, A.E. Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Richmond, B.R. Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Evaluating changes to arctic coastal bluffs using repeat aerial photography and structure-from-motion elevation models Series_Information: Series_Name: Proceedings from 2015 Coastal Sediments Conference Issue_Identification: CD-ROM; 14 pp Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0080 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, A.E. Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Richmond, B.R. Originator: Snyder, A.G Originator: Erikson, L.H. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Assessing patterns of annual change to permafrost bluffs along the North Slope coast of Alaska using high-resolution imagery and elevation models Series_Information: Series_Name: Geomorphology Issue_Identification: TBD Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: Coordinates recorded for each point describe discrete positions in space at the time of capture. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted on individual points, however, digital surface models derived from the points were compared with GPS-measured locations to determine a relative accuracy of the input data. Elevation values from the ocean and inland water surfaces are not valid because of the inability of the Structure-from-motion (SfM) method to resolve elevations on moving surfaces. Completeness_Report: Gaps in the point cloud data represent areas where no elevation could be extracted from the imagery during SfM processing (for example and area in shadow) and/or where erroneous points and artifacts were manually removed after SfM processing. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal horizontal position accuracy assessment was conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal vertical position accuracy assessment was conducted Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Fairbanks Fodar Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: bti_140701.las, bti_140907.las, bti_150705.las Type_of_Source_Media: LAS binary data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140701 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140907 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150705 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw point cloud data elevation derived from aerial photography. Source_Contribution: The raw point cloud data used to produce the edited and geographically shifted point clouds and subsequent digital surface models. See Nolan and others (2015), Gibbs and others (2016), and Gibbs and others (2019) for a more thorough description of the data acquisition methods. Process_Step: Process_Description: The elevation point clouds from Fairbanks Fodar (bti_140701.las, bti_140907.las, bti_150705.las) were edited to remove buildings, structures, and spurious elevation values associated with moving water surfaces. Points over the ocean surface and along the shoreline were edited by hand. Points associated with the many small lakes and water bodies on the island were removed using a combination of the raster based Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM) tool in ArcMap (ESRI; Environmental Systems Research Institute, https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9e4210b3ee7b413bbb1f98fb9c5b22d4) and the Lasground_new tool, part of the LAStools suite (Isenburg, 2015). Buildings and small structures were also removed using the LASground_new tool. Each data set was shifted in the x,y and z directions in order to adjust the data from a relative coordinate system to a fixed, ground-based coordinate system as measured at a fixed ground control monument. bti_140701 coordinates were shifted 17 cm north, 7 cm west and 132 cm up in elevation; bti_140907 coordinates were shifted 19 cm south, 13 cm west, and 36 cm up in elevation; bti_150705 coordinates were shifted 12 cm south, 6 cm west, and 32 cm up in elevation. See Gibbs and others (2016) and Gibbs and others (2019) for a more thorough description of the methodology. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Step: Process_Description: Spelling correction was made to a keyword. Process_Date: 20191119 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Corrections were made to the name of a Keyword Thesaurus, and to the publication date of a source citation. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20191120 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Process_Date: 20211018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Point, with variable size and total point count for the 6 files included in the data release as follows: BTI_20140701_raw.laz: 538 MB 94,288,158 points BTI_20140907_raw.laz: 482 MB 80,497,255 points BTI_20150705_raw.laz: 1131 MB 201,277,897 points BTI_20140701_edited.laz: 294 MB 66,467,987 points BTI_20140907_edited.laz: 261 MB 55,454,467 points BTI_20150705_edited.laz: 452 MB 107,893,129 points Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -141.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000 False_Easting: 500000.0000 False_Northing: 0.0000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: WGS_84 Ellipsoid Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The attribute information associated with LAS binary points in the LAZ file is standard, as described in ASPRS (2013). Attributes include location (northing, easting, and elevation in UTM Zone 7 North meters in the WGS84 coordinate systems), color (red, blue, and green components), intensity, and classification. All points are classified as 0 (unclassified). The LAZ file format, a lossless compression for LAS binary data, is described in Isenburg (2013). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See cross-references for complete citations of ASPRS (2013) and Isenburg (2013). Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: There are 6 LAZ files containing the LAS binary points; 3 raw and unedited point clouds, and 3 edited and shifted point clouds. CSDGM FGDC metadata in XML format is also available for download from the page containing the data. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 294 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20140701_edited.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 261 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20140907_edited.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 452 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20150705_edited.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 538 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20140701_raw.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 482 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20140907_raw.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Information_Content: The LAZ file contains the unclassified point cloud compressed with LASzip. File_Decompression_Technique: Use LASzip, available from http://www.laszip.org. Transfer_Size: 1131 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bb6a25fe4b0fc368e894766?name=BTI_LAS_20150705_raw.laz Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: These files require software capable of opening binary LAZ files. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211018 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998