Matt Nolan Ann E. Gibbs Alexander G. Snyder 2019 GeoTIFF data release DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey The first Online Linkage link is to the publication landing page. The second link is to the page containing the data. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c53975ae4b0708288fd0790 Ann E. Gibbs Matt Nolan Alexander G. Snyder 2019 data release DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Gibbs, A.E., Nolan, M., and Snyder, A.G., 2019, Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models, and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Aerial photographs were collected from a small, fixed-wing aircraft over the coast of Barter Island, Alaska on July 01 2014, September 07 2014. Precise aircraft position information and structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods were combined to derive a high-resolution orthophotomosaic. This orthophotomosaic contain 3-band, 8-bit, unsigned raster data (red/green/blue; file format-GeoTIFF) with a ground sample distance (GSD) resolution of 19 cm. The file employs Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression. This orthophotomosaic was shifted (registered) to coincide with surveyed ground control points relative to the WGS84 datum. The data were acquired in order to demonstrate the utility of using structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods for deriving digital elevation data using imagery acquired from a fixed-wing aircraft in remote environments. Companion data sets, including orthophotomosaics and digital surface models are used to evaluate fine-scale morphological and volumetric change to beaches and permafrost bluffs. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20140701 ground condition Complete None planned -143.792456 -143.546251 70.137845 70.114459 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5c53975ae4b0708288fd0790 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Gridded Data aerial images Airborne imagery Digital aerial imagery Orthoimagery Natural color ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover USGS Thesaurus aerial photography geospatial datasets Data Categories for Marine Planning Physical habitats and geomorphology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords coastal erosion permafrost Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea State of Alaska Barter Island Kaktovik Arctic National Wildlife Refuge United States of America None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Fairbanks Fodar as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c53975ae4b0708288fd0790?name=BTI_Ortho_20140701_browse.jpg Browse image of the orthomosaic generated from photogrammetry and aerial images acquired over Barter Island, Alaska July 01 2014 JPEG Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and Fairbanks Fodar as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data. Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.5 (Build 6491) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Agisoft 2015 manual Version 1.2 http://www.agisoft.com/pdf/photoscan-pro_1_2_en.pdf Nolan, M. Larsen, C.F. Sturm, M. 2015 The Cryosphere Vol. 9, pp. 1445-1463 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1445-2015 Gibbs, A.E. Nolan, M. Richmond, B.R. 2016 Proceedings from 2015 Coastal Sediments Conference CD-ROM; 14 pp https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0080 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2015 manual Edition 1, Version 1.0 doi: 10.14358/PERS.81.3.A1-A26 Gibbs, A.E. Nolan, M. Richmond, B.R. Snyder, A.G Erikson, L.H. 2019 Geomorphology TBD https://doi.org/ Horizontal and vertical accuracies of the orthoimagery and DSMs were evaluated using photo-identifiable checkpoints and elevation checkpoints collected by USGS in 2016. Only 3 stable checkpoints were identifiable and available for evaluating accuracy. Accuracy assessment values reported are the mean residual between surveyed ground control checkpoints and image derived values. See Nolan and others (2015), Gibbs and others (2016), and Gibbs and others (2019), for comprehensive discussion of the accuracy, error analysis, and known anomalies. Data quality has been assessed relative to checkpoints collected in September 2016. This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details Positional (horizontal) accuracy has been determined by identifying ground control points visually and comparing their location to the GPS-collected ground control. The horizontal radial root mean square error (RMSE; ASPRS, 2015) of the data is 19 cm. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set is not applicable. Data acquisition - Fairbanks Fodar collected aerial photographs on July 01 2014, using a small aircraft (Cessna 170B) platform. The aerial survey was planned so flight lines and photograph frequency provided 60 percent side lap and 80 percent end lap photo coverage along with flying height of approximately between 740 m, resulting in a 19- cm ground sample distance (GSD) of the orthophotomosaics. A Nikon D800E with a 24 mm Nikkor f/1.4 lens was used to collect 36-megapixel photographs, in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) or Nikon Electronic Format (NEF), depending on location. Photographs were collected at 1- to 3-second intervals. On-board global positioning system (GPS) data were acquired by a Trimble 5700 with roof-mounted antenna approximately 1 m above the camera, collecting at 5 Hertz. Each camera shutter trip placed an event marker onto the GPS datastream for precise timing and location. 2014 Data processing - Aerial survey GNSS data were processed using Waypoint's Grafnav commercial GNSS software using GPS constellation. Each project was processed using either post-processing kinematic (PPK) or precise point positioning (PPP) methods, depending on the quality of the solution, which was primarily dependent on the distance from Continually Operating Reference Stations (CORS), such that the flight resulted in data with better than 10 cm separation in forward and reverse trajectory solutions. GPS data were processed to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) European Petroleum Survey Group Well Known Identification Number (EPSG) 32607 and the WGS84 Ellipsoid. Photographs were individually processed for optimum contrast and exposure using Adobe Camera Raw. To accommodate the large data acquisition volumes, most photographs were shot and processed to JPEG format. Aerial survey GPS data (event marker coordinates) were manually correlated to image filenames using the image timestamp to create a camera external orientation file for import into Agisoft Photoscan Professional (Photoscan) software. The external orientation file provides the X, Y, Z position of the camera for each photograph taken during the survey. 2014 Photogrammetry - Aerial stereophotographs were imported into the photogrammetric software, which uses a Structure-from-Motion (SfM) algorithm to create a three-dimensional terrain model from the stereo-imagery. The terrain model was then used to orthometrically correct the photos and produce the final orthoimage mosaic in Photoscan. Within the Photoscan software application, standard workflow steps were followed: photo-alignment, alignment optimization, dense point cloud building, mesh creation, DSM and orthoimage creation, and exporting the results. 2014 Orthoimage mosaics were adjusted horizontally to the coordinates of a single GCP as measured in September 2016, in order to adjust the data from a relative coordinate system to a fixed ground-based geodetic coordinate system (WGS84 UTM Zone 7). See Gibbs and others (2019) for a thorough explanation of methodology. 2016 Title correction was made to a keyword thesaurus. 20200901 Susan A. Cochran U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

2885 Mission St.

Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed 20211013 U.S. Geological Survey Susan A. Cochran Geologist Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 11647 48880 3 Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 0.189332882271033 0.189332882271033 Meter D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257223563 Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined Band_1 Red band Producer defined 0 255 Band_2 Green band Producer defined 0 255 Band_3 Blue band Producer defined 0 255 A GeoTIFF file containing the 3-band orthophotomosaic for July 01, 2014. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Fairbanks Fodar U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov A GeoTIFF file containing the 3-band orthophotomosaic for July 05, 2015. A browse graphic is also available for download. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. GeoTIFF Global Mapper v. 19.0 8-bit GeoTIFF An 8-bit GeoTIFF with LZW compression, a browse thumbnail .jpg image, and FGDC CSDGM metadata LZW compression 225 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c53975ae4b0708288fd0790 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c53975ae4b0708288fd0790?name=BTI_Ortho_20140701.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data and metadata. The final link is to the publication landing page. none 20211013 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998