Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Orthophotomosaic image (natural color) of the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska acquired on September 07 2014 (GeoTIFF image; 11-cm resolution) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The first Online Linkage link is to the publication landing page. The second link is to the page containing the data. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c539771e4b0708288fd0792 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9964TKX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Gibbs, A.E., Nolan, M., and Snyder, A.G., 2019, Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models, and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Description: Abstract: Aerial photographs were collected from a small, fixed-wing aircraft over the coast of Barter Island, Alaska on September 07 2014. Precise aircraft position information and structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods were combined to derive a high-resolution orthophotomosaic. This orthophotomosaic contain 3-band, 8-bit, unsigned raster data (red/green/blue; file format-GeoTIFF) with a ground sample distance (GSD) resolution of 11 cm. The file employs Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression. This orthophotomosaic was shifted (registered) to coincide with surveyed ground control points relative to the WGS84 datum. Purpose: The data were acquired in order to demonstrate the utility of using structure-from-motion photogrammetric methods for deriving digital elevation data using imagery acquired from a fixed-wing aircraft in remote environments. Companion data sets, including orthophotomosaics and digital surface models are used to evaluate fine-scale morphological and volumetric change to beaches and permafrost bluffs. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140907 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.792455 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.546218 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.137842 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.114459 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5c539771e4b0708288fd0792 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Gridded Data Theme_Keyword: aerial images Theme_Keyword: Airborne imagery Theme_Keyword: Digital aerial imagery Theme_Keyword: Orthoimagery Theme_Keyword: Natural color Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme_Keyword: permafrost Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Barter Island Place_Keyword: Kaktovik Place_Keyword: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: United States of America Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Fairbanks Fodar as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c539771e4b0708288fd0792?name=BTI_Ortho_20140907_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of the orthomosaic generated from photogrammetry and aerial images acquired over Barter Island, September 07 2014 Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and Fairbanks Fodar as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.5 (Build 6491) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Agisoft Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Agisoft Photoscan User Manual: Professional Edition Series_Information: Series_Name: manual Issue_Identification: Version 1.2 Online_Linkage: http://www.agisoft.com/pdf/photoscan-pro_1_2_en.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Larsen, C.F. Originator: Sturm, M. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Mapping snow-depth from manned-aircraft on landscape scales at centimeter resolution using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry Series_Information: Series_Name: The Cryosphere Issue_Identification: Vol. 9, pp. 1445-1463 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1445-2015 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, A.E. Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Richmond, B.R. Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Evaluating changes to arctic coastal bluffs using repeat aerial photography and structure-from-motion elevation models Series_Information: Series_Name: Proceedings from 2015 Coastal Sediments Conference Issue_Identification: CD-ROM; 14 pp Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0080 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Publication_Date: 2015 Title: ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data Series_Information: Series_Name: manual Issue_Identification: Edition 1, Version 1.0 Online_Linkage: doi: 10.14358/PERS.81.3.A1-A26 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, A.E. Originator: Nolan, M. Originator: Richmond, B.R. Originator: Snyder, A.G Originator: Erikson, L.H. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Assessing patterns of annual change to permafrost bluffs along the North Slope coast of Alaska using high-resolution imagery and elevation models Series_Information: Series_Name: Geomorphology Issue_Identification: TBD Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal and vertical accuracies of the orthoimagery and DSMs were evaluated using photo-identifiable checkpoints and elevation checkpoints collected by USGS in 2016. Only 3 stable checkpoints were identifiable and available for evaluating accuracy. Accuracy assessment values reported are the mean residual between surveyed ground control checkpoints and image derived values. See Nolan and others (2015), Gibbs and others (2016), and Gibbs and others (2019), for comprehensive discussion of the accuracy, error analysis, and known anomalies. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data quality has been assessed relative to checkpoints collected in September 2016. Completeness_Report: This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Positional (horizontal) accuracy has been determined by identifying ground control points visually and comparing their location to the GPS-collected ground control. The horizontal radial root mean square error (RMSE; ASPRS, 2015) of the data is 11 cm. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set is not applicable. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Data acquisition - Fairbanks Fodar collected aerial photographs on Sept. 07 2014, using a small aircraft (Cessna 170B) platform. The aerial survey was planned so flight lines and photograph frequency provided 60 percent side lap and 80 percent end lap photo coverage along with flying height of approximately 450 m, resulting in an 11-cm ground sample distance (GSD) of the orthophotomosaics. A Nikon D800E with a 24 mm Nikkor f/1.4 lens was used to collect 36-megapixel photographs, in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) or Nikon Electronic Format (NEF), depending on location. Photographs were collected at 1- to 3-second intervals. On-board global positioning system (GPS) data were acquired by a Trimble 5700 with roof-mounted antenna approximately 1 m above the camera, collecting at 5 Hertz. Each camera shutter trip placed an event marker onto the GPS datastream for precise timing and location. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data processing - Aerial survey GNSS data were processed using Waypoint's Grafnav commercial GNSS software using GPS constellation. Each project was processed using either post-processing kinematic (PPK) or precise point positioning (PPP) methods, depending on the quality of the solution, which was primarily dependent on the distance from Continually Operating Reference Stations (CORS), such that the flight resulted in data with better than 10 cm separation in forward and reverse trajectory solutions. GPS data were processed to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) European Petroleum Survey Group Well Known Identification Number (EPSG) 32607 and the WGS84 Ellipsoid. Photos were individually processed for optimum contrast and exposure using Adobe Camera Raw. To accommodate the large data acquisition volumes, most photographs were shot and processed to JPEG format. Aerial survey GPS data (event marker coordinates) were manually correlated to image filenames using the image timestamp to create a camera external orientation file for import into Agisoft Photoscan Professional (Photoscan) software. The external orientation file provides the X, Y, Z position of the camera for each photograph taken during the survey. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Photogrammetry - Aerial stereophotographs were imported into the photogrammetric software, which uses a Structure-from-Motion (SfM) algorithm to create a three-dimensional terrain model from the stereo-imagery. The terrain model was then used to orthometrically correct the photos and produce the final orthoimage mosaic in Photoscan. Within the Photoscan software application, standard workflow steps were followed: photo-alignment, alignment optimization, dense point cloud building, mesh creation, DSM and orthoimage creation, and exporting the results. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Orthoimage mosaics were adjusted horizontally to the coordinates of a single GCP as measured in September 2016, in order to adjust the data from a relative coordinate system to a fixed ground-based geodetic coordinate system (WGS84 UTM Zone 7). See Gibbs and others (2019) for a thorough explanation of methodology. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Step: Process_Description: Title correction was made to a keyword thesaurus. Process_Date: 20200901 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Process_Date: 20211013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 19180 Column_Count: 80524 Vertical_Count: 3 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 7 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -141.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.114944916434333 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.114944916434333 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_1 Attribute_Definition: Red band Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_2 Attribute_Definition: Green band Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_3 Attribute_Definition: Blue band Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: A GeoTIFF file containing the 3-band orthophotomosaic for September 7, 2014. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Fairbanks Fodar Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: A GeoTIFF file containing the 3-band orthophotomosaic for September 7, 2014. A browse graphic is also available for download. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: Global Mapper v. 19.0 Format_Specification: 8-bit GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: An 8-bit GeoTIFF with LZW compression, a browse thumbnail .jpg image, and FGDC CSDGM metadata File_Decompression_Technique: LZW compression Transfer_Size: 584 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c539771e4b0708288fd0792 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c539771e4b0708288fd0792?name=BTI_Ortho_20140907.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Access_Instructions: The first Network Resource Name link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data and metadata. The final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998