Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018 (ver. 3.0, July 2022)
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Title:
Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018 (ver. 3.0, July 2022)
Abstract:
Various water column variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, radio-carbon isotopes were measured in samples collected using a Niskin-bottle rosette at selected depths from sites offshore of California and Oregon from October to November 2018 during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 on the R/V Bell M. Shimada (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA). CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) data were also collected at each depth that a Niskin-bottle sample was collected and are presented along with the water sample data.
This data release supersedes version 2.0, published in September 2021 at
https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DIQZ5. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying VersionHistory_P99MJ096.txt file.
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-663-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
- How might this data set be cited?
Prouty, Nancy G., and Baker, Miranda C., 2021, Water-column environmental variables and accompanying discrete CTD measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018 (ver. 3.0, July 2022): data release DOI:10.5066/P99MJ096, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.
Online Links:
Prouty, Nancy G., and Baker, Miranda C., 2021, CTD profiles and discrete water-column measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018 (ver. 3.0, July 2022): data release DOI:10.5066/P99MJ096, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.
Online Links:
- What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.9152
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.3453
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.6653
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.1300
- What does it look like?
- Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
- Beginning_Date: 12-Oct-2018
- Ending_Date: 07-Nov-2018
- Currentness_Reference:
- Ground condition at time data were collected.
-
- What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
- How does the data set represent geographic features?
- How are geographic features stored in the data set?
This is a Point data set.
It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
- What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude.
Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001.
Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001.
Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.
The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
The ellipsoid used is D_WGS_1984.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
- How does the data set describe geographic features?
- A tab-delimited text file with the first line being a header line.
- Output from CO2SYS program and geochemistry lab analyses combined with CTD data from water sample collection
(Source: Producer defined.)
- Cruise
- Name of Cruise on which samples and measurements were collected
(Source: Producer defined)
| Value | Definition |
|---|
| SH-18-12 | Abbreviation indicating Bell M. Shimada R/V, year and mission number.
|
- CTD station
- numbered station where CTD measurements were collected
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 1 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 22 |
|---|
| Units: | days |
|---|
- Site Name
- Site Name where samples were collected
(Source: Producer defined.)
List of Site names
- Date
- Date [YYYYMMDD]
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 20181012 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 20181107 |
|---|
- Time
- Time (UTC) [HH:MM:SS]
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 00:00:00 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 23:59:59 |
|---|
| Units: | HH:MM:SS |
|---|
| Resolution: | 1 |
|---|
- TimeJ
- Time in Julian Days
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 285.468436 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 311.259419 |
|---|
| Units: | Julian Days |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.000001 |
|---|
- Temperature
- Temperature in degrees Celsius
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 4.8869 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 19.2192 |
|---|
| Units: | degrees Celsius |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Conductivity
- Conductivity
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 32900 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 45600 |
|---|
| Units: | microsiemens per centimeter |
|---|
| Resolution: | 100 |
|---|
- Pressure
- Pressure
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 1.504 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 617.345 |
|---|
| Units: | decibels |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.001 |
|---|
- Sbeox0
- Oxygen in milligrams per liter
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.3903 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 8.6001 |
|---|
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Sbeox0PS
- Oxygen in percentage saturation
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 3.845 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 104.553 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percentage saturation |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.001 |
|---|
- Turbidity
- Turbidity,
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.0259 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 0.5086 |
|---|
| Units: | Nephelometric Turbidity Units |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Fluorescence
- Fluorescence
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | -0.0397 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 4.1578 |
|---|
| Units: | miligrams per cubic meter |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- AltM
- meters above seafloor
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 2.19 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 98.87 |
|---|
| Units: | meters |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Salinity
- Salinity. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 32.259 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 34.328 |
|---|
| Units: | practical salinity units (PSU) |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.001 |
|---|
- DepSM
- Depth saltwater from the surface
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 1.491 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 611.778 |
|---|
| Units: | meters |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.001 |
|---|
- Latitude
- Latitude of sample location
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 33.1300 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 44.6652 |
|---|
| Units: | decimal degrees |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Longitude
- Longitude of sample location
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | -124.9059 |
|---|
| Maximum: | -119.3454 |
|---|
| Units: | decimal degrees |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Niskin Bottle
- Niskin Bottle Number
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 1 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 12 |
|---|
| Units: | bottle number |
|---|
- Phosphate
- Dissolved inorganic phosphate concentration. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.16 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 3.40 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Silicate
- Dissolved inorganic silicate concentration. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 1.04 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 88.17 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Nitrate and Nitrite
- Dissolved inorganic nitrate and nitrite concentration. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.06 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 47.10 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Ammonium
- Dissolved inorganic ammonium concentration. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | <0.019 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 0.65 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Total Alkalinity
- Total alkalinity concentration. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 2083.97401 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 2356.22836 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.00001 |
|---|
- Total Alkalinity (STD)
- Standard deviation of Total Alkalinity measurement. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.03379 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 95.90443 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.00001 |
|---|
- pH
- The negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 6.988469 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 7.995355 |
|---|
| Units: | unitless |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.000001 |
|---|
- Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
- The sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution (carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 2009.25 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 2309.03 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per kilogram |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (STD)
- Standard deviation of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon measurement. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.01 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 49.96 |
|---|
| Units: | micromole per liter of seawater |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Calcite Saturation State
- ratio of [CO32-] and [Ca2+] divided by the calcite solubility product (Ksp) assuming the concentration of calcium, [Ca2+] is proportional to the salinity, and the carbonate concentration, [CO32-] was calculated from total alkalinity, pH, and the values of K1 and K2 for carbonic acid from Millero and others (1998) and Dickson and others (1990). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis and Wallace, 1998).)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.33 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 3.89 |
|---|
| Units: | unitless |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Aragonite Saturation State
- ratio of [CO32-] and [Ca2+] divided by the aragonite solubility product (Ksp) assuming the concentration of calcium, [Ca2+] is proportional to the salinity, and the carbonate concentration, [CO32-] was calculated from total alkalinity, pH, and the values of K1 and K2 for carbonic acid from Millero and others (1998) and Dickson and others (1990). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis and Wallace, 1998).)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.21 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 2.51 |
|---|
| Units: | unitless |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Fraction Modern
- Fraction modern is a measurement of the deviation of the delta-Carbon-14/delta-Carbon-12 ratio of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.8628 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 1.0193 |
|---|
| Units: | unitless |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Fraction Modern (error)
- Fraction modern (error) is a measurement of the deviation of the delta-Carbon-14/delta-Carbon-12 ratio of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 0.0019 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 0.003 |
|---|
| Units: | unitless |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
|---|
- Conventional Radiocarbon Age
- Conventional Radiocarbon Age calculated using the radiocarbon decay equation (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 10 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 1190 |
|---|
| Units: | years |
|---|
| Resolution: | 5 |
|---|
- Conventional Radiocarbon Age (error)
- Standard error for Conventional Radiocarbon Age. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: Producer defined.)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | 15 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 25 |
|---|
| Units: | years |
|---|
| Resolution: | 1 |
|---|
- delta-C-13
- delta-C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon-13:Carbon-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry)
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | -0.53 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 1.18 |
|---|
| Units: | parts per thousand (per mil) |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
- Delta-C-14
- The relative difference between the absolute international standard (base year 1950) and sample activity corrected for age and delta-Carbon-13. Values of -9999 indicate the parameter was not measured.
(Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))
| Range of values |
|---|
| Minimum: | -145.66 |
|---|
| Maximum: | 10.24 |
|---|
| Units: | parts per thousand (per mil) |
|---|
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
|---|
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the tab-delimited text file is a header line.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
- Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Nancy G. Prouty
- Miranda C. Baker
- Who also contributed to the data set?
Sarah Merolla, Carina Fish, Chelsey Souza (U.C. Davis), Nissa Kreisler (Humboldt State)
- To whom should users address questions about the data?
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz,
CA
831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
These data were collected as part of the on-going Expanding Pacific Research and Exploration of Submerged Systems (EXPRESS) project, a multi-year, multi-institution cooperative research campaign in deep sea areas of California, Oregon, and Washington, including the continental shelf and slope. EXPRESS data and information are intended to guide wise use of living marine resources and habitats, inform ocean energy and mineral resource decisions, and improve offshore hazard assessments. The ultimate goal of EXPRESS is to develop comprehensive digital elevation models, habitat maps, and geologic maps, which are needed to address important issues associated with marine spatial planning, ecosystem assessments, geohazards, and the impact on sensitive ecosystems of offshore infrastructure development. This particular NOAA cruise focused on deep-sea corals, sponges, and associated habitats.
- From what previous works were the data drawn?
- nutrients (source 1 of 4)
-
University of California at Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, 2019, Seawater nutrient analyses.
Online Links:
Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples
Source_Contribution:
Flow injection analysis for dissolved nutrient (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate) concentrations.
- pH and total alkalinity (source 2 of 4)
-
University of California at Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, 2019, Seawater carbonate chemistry analysis.
Online Links:
Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples
Source_Contribution:
pH was determined Spectrophotometrically; Total alkalinity was determined by means of automated Gran titration on a Metrohm 809 Titrando (Dickson et al. 2007).
- dissolved inorganic radiocarbon (source 3 of 4)
-
National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, 2019, Seawater radiocarbon analysis.
Online Links:
Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples
Source_Contribution:
An accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) was used to measure inorganic radiocarbon
- CTD data (source 4 of 4)
-
U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, CTD profile measurements collected off California and Oregon during NOAA cruise SH-18-12 (USGS field activity 2018-663-FA) from October to November 2018.
Online Links:
Type_of_Source_Media: CTD measurements
Source_Contribution:
CTD measurements at particular depths were appended to the Niskin bottle water sample data
- How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
- Date: 08-Nov-2018 (process 1 of 5)
-
Water samples were collected using a Niskin bottle rosette apparatus at different depths throughout the water column. Simultaneous conductivity, salinity, and depth (CTD) data were collected with a SeaBird SBE-9 CTD profiler at each Niskin bottle sample depth. The latitude and longitude were updated in v2.0 to correct values from v1.0.
- Date: 24-Apr-2019 (process 2 of 5)
-
Seawater samples were analyzed by several different labs (see Sources) for different variables. Data from all seawater lab analyses were combined into a single document. Calcite and aragonite saturation states were calculated using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis and Wallace, 1998; Pierrot and others, 2006). -9999 cell value indicates no data (for example, where water was not sampled, or a water sample was not analyzed for a particular variable).
Data sources used in this process:
- nutrients
- pH and total alkalinity
- dissolved inorganic radiocarbon
Data sources produced in this process:
- Date: 16-Apr-2020 (process 3 of 5)
-
CTD data and water column variables were combined based on depths into a single document (SH-18-12_BTL_CTD_data.csv).
Data sources used in this process:
- Date: 02-Sep-2021 (process 4 of 5)
-
Corrected the lat/lon coordinates for CTD measurements collected on October 18, 2018. No other data were changed. Version 1.0 data available upon request.
- Date: Jul-2022 (process 5 of 5)
-
This data release supersedes version 2.0, published in September 2021 at https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DIQZ5. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying VersionHistory_P99MJ096.txt file. For the revision, an attribute column header in the water-column environmental variable data file (SH-18-12_BTL_CTD_v.2.0_data.csv) was revised to accurately report ammonium not ammonia. No data values were changed, nor were any changes made in the accompanying CTD data (SH-18-12_raw_CTD.zip). Metadata files for both data files were revised to reflect the new doi number, URLs, download links, and PIDs. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
- What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
Lewis, E., and Wallace, W.R., 1998, Program developed for CO2 system calculations.
Online Links:
Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion reporting of 14C data.
Online Links:
Dickson, A.G., 1990, Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K.
Online Links:
Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L., and Christian, J.R., 2007, A guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements.
Millero, F.J., Lee, K., and Roche, M., 1998, Distribution of alkalinity in the surface waters of the major oceans.
Online Links:
Pierrot, D., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D.W.R., 2006, MS Excel program developed for CO2 system calculations.
Online Links:
- How well have the observations been checked?
All geochemistry data were calibrated against known standards
- How accurate are the geographic locations?
A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy is based on ship’s position using the navigations system; MX420 DGPS (Differential GPSP) with an accuracy of 1 m.
- How accurate are the heights or depths?
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Depth was determined using a SeaBird CTD digiquartz pressure sensor with a stated accuracy of 0.015%.
- Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details.
- How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
| Access_Constraints |
None
|
| Use_Constraints |
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
|
- Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver,
CO
1-888-275-8747 (voice)
sciencebase@usgs.gov
- What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
These data are available in a text file (SH_18_12_CTD_BTLDATA_v3.0.txt) which contains seawater carbonate analysis and CTD data for all collected water samples.
- What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
- How can I download or order the data?
- Availability in digital form:
- Cost to order the data: None.
- What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
These data can be viewed with any text editor software.
- Dates:
- Last modified: 13-Jul-2022
- Metadata author:
-
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz,
CA
831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
- Metadata standard:
- Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P99MJ096/SH-18-12_BTL_CTD_metadata_v3.0.faq.html>
