Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joshua B. Logan Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Shawn R. Harrison Publication_Date: 20230623 Title: Aerial imagery from UAS surveys of beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA, August 2017 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9BVTVAW Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVTVAW Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6435bd4fd34ee8d4addaf826 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joshua B. Logan Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Shawn R. Harrison Originator: Cordell D. Johnson Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Aerial imagery and structure-from-motion data products from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9BVTVAW Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Logan, J.B., Stevens, A.W., Harrison, S.R., and Johnson, C.D., 2023, Aerial imagery and structure-from-motion data products from UAS surveys of the beaches at Fort Stevens State Park, OR, and Cape Disappointment State Park, WA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVTVAW. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVTVAW Description: Abstract: This portion of the data release presents the raw aerial imagery collected during the uncrewed aerial system (UAS) survey conducted on the ocean beaches adjacent to the Columbia River Mouth at the Oregon-Washington border in August 2017. The imagery was acquired using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. The Fort Stevens State Park survey was conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17. Five flights were conducted at Fort Stevens State Park on 7 August 2017, between 16:32 and 20:22 UTC (9:32 and 13:22 PDT). A total of 785 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. The Benson Beach survey at Cape Disappointment State Park was conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit #170603. Seven flights were conducted at Benson Beach on 8 August 2017, between 17:13 and 22:28 UTC (10:13 and 15:28 PDT). A total of 1492 aerial images from these flights are presented in this data release. All flights were conducted at an approximate altitude of 120 meters or less above ground level, depending on operational restrictions related to the cloud ceiling. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture, and shutter speed were adjusted for ambient light conditions. For all flights the camera was triggered using a built-in intervalometer. After acquisition, the images were renamed to include flight number and acquisition time in the file name. The coordinates of the approximate image acquisition locations were added ('geotagged') to the image metadata (EXIF) using the telemetry log from the UAS onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. The data release includes a total of 2,277 JPG images. Images from takeoff and landing sequences as well as other images not used for processing have been omitted from the data release. To facilitate bulk download, the images from each flight are provided in a zip file named with the flight number. In addition to the provided zip files, the images are also available for browsing and individual download on the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Imagery Data System at the following URL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P9BVTVAW. Purpose: These data were obtained to evaluate changes in shoreline position and coastal morphology. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify topographic features on the sub-aerially exposed portions of the beaches surveyed. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-666-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170807 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170808 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.08829 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.99237 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.29986 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.19996 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: topographic maps Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: photography Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: aerial and satellite photography Theme_Keyword: altimetry Theme_Keyword: orthophotography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CHMRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: UAS Theme_Keyword: Unmanned aerial system Theme_Keyword: Structure-from-motion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6435bd4fd34ee8d4addaf826 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Washington Place_Keyword: State of Oregon Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Columbia River Place_Keyword: Clatsop County Place_Keyword: Pacific County Place_Keyword: Cape Disappointment Place_Keyword: Fort Stevens Place_Keyword: Benson Beach Place_Keyword: Clatsop Spit Place_Keyword: North Head Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6435bd4fd34ee8d4addaf826?name=F05_20170807T201533Z_RA009614.JPG&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Example aerial image from 2017-08-07 UAS survey Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The Ricoh GR II cameras used to acquire these images produce a nominal image size of 16.2 megapixels in both JPG and camera raw (Adobe DNG) image formats. The image acquisition time stamp is recorded to the image metadata (EXIF) with a precision of 1 second. The UAS onboard GPS is a single-frequency autonomous receiver which records positions to the telemetry log at 1 second intervals, with an approximate accuracy of 3 meters horizontally and 10 meters vertically. The geotagging operation uses the image time stamp to derive the image acquisition location by finding the nearest location recorded at the time of acquisition. To reduce the potential for timing errors during the geotagging process, the image time stamps were adjusted to true ('corrected') UTC time by comparing the image time stamps with several images taken of a smartphone app ('Emerald Time') showing accurate time from Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. For the Fort Stevens survey on 2017-08-07 the image time stamps from camera "RA" were adjusted by +00:01:14 (+1 minute, and 14 seconds) to synchronize with corrected UTC time. For the Benson Beach survey on 2017-08-08 the image time stamps from camera "RA" were adjusted by +00:01:16 (+1 minute, and 16 seconds) to synchronize with corrected UTC time. The adjusted image time stamp was only used for geotagging; the original image time stamp was retained in the image EXIF and file name. The positions stored in the EXIF are in the WGS84 (G1150) coordinate reference system (EPSG:4979), with elevation in meters relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Logical_Consistency_Report: Photographs were renamed using a custom python script to include flight number, image acquisition date and time in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), camera ID, and original image ID number. The image EXIF were also updated to include additional information related to the acquisition. Some photographs may be auto-rotated by certain viewing software, but the original image orientation is the same for all images. Completeness_Report: Twelve flights were conducted during this survey (Fort Stevens F01 - F05, and Benson Beach F01 - F07). The camera shutter was triggered at 1 Hz by a built-in intervalometer which was started before takeoff and stopped after landing. The imagery was saved in both JPG and DNG format during acquisition, although only the JPG-formatted images are included in this data release. The images from each flight were stored separately and were renamed with the flight number and acquisition times in the file names for organizational purposes. Images from takeoff and landing sequences as well as other images not used for processing have been omitted from the data release. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal positions stored in the EXIF image metadata were derived with a 'geotagging' process using the image time stamps and the uncorrected positions recorded in the telemetry log of the UAS from the onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS (mRobotics GPS u-Blox Neo-M8N / 3DR SOLO Upgrade). To reduce the potential for timing errors during the geotagging process, the image time stamps were adjusted to true ('corrected') UTC time by comparing the image time stamps with several images taken of a smartphone app ('Emerald Time') showing accurate time from Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. The horizontal positions are estimated to be accurate to approximately 3 meters. However, it should be noted that for some images the error may exceed this estimate due to GPS errors or timing errors associated with the geotagging process. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The vertical positions stored in the EXIF image metadata were derived with a 'geotagging' process using the image time stamps and the uncorrected positions recorded in the telemetry log of the UAS from the onboard single-frequency autonomous GPS (mRobotics GPS u-Blox Neo-M8N / 3DR SOLO Upgrade). To reduce the potential for timing errors during the geotagging process, the image time stamps were adjusted to true ('corrected') UTC time by comparing the image time stamps with several images taken of a smartphone app ('Emerald Time') showing accurate time from Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. The horizontal positions are estimated to be accurate to approximately 10 meters. However, it should be noted that for some images the error may exceed this estimate due to GPS errors or timing errors associated with the geotagging process. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Aerial imagery was collected using a Department of Interior-owned 3DR Solo quadcopter fitted with a Ricoh GR II digital camera featuring a global shutter. The camera was mounted using a fixed mount on the bottom of the UAS and oriented in an approximately nadir orientation. During acquisition the UAS was flown on pre-programmed autonomous flight lines at an approximate altitude of 120 meters or less above ground level, depending on operational restrictions related to the cloud ceiling. The flight lines were spaced to provide at least 66 percent overlap between images from adjacent lines. The camera was triggered at 1 Hz using a built-in intervalometer. Before each flight, the camera’s digital ISO, aperture and shutter speed were manually set to adjust for ambient light conditions. Although these settings were changed between flights, they were not permitted to change during a flight; thus, the images from each flight were acquired with consistent camera settings. Process_Date: 201708 Process_Step: Process_Description: The image files were renamed using a custom python script. The file names were formed using the following pattern Fx-YYYYMMDDThhmmssZ_Ryz.*, where: - Fx = Flight number - YYYYMMDDThhmmssZ = date and time in the ISO 8601 standard, where 'T' separates the date from the time, and 'Z' denotes UTC ('Zulu') time. - Ry = RA or RB to distinguish camera 'RicohA' from 'RicohB' - z = original image name assigned by camera during acquisition - * = file extension (JPG) The approximate image acquisition coordinates were added to the image metadata (EXIF) ('geotagged') using the image timestamp and the telemetry logs from the UAS onboard single-frequency 1-Hz autonomous GPS. The geotagging process was done using the GeoSetter utility. To improve timestamp accuracy, the image acquisition times were adjusted to true ('corrected') UTC time by comparing the image timestamps with several images taken of a clock showing accurate time synchronized from Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. For the Fort Stevens survey on 2017-08-07 the image time stamps from camera "RA" were adjusted by +00:01:14 (+1 minute, and 14 seconds) to synchronize with corrected UTC time. For the Benson Beach survey on 2017-08-08 the image time stamps from camera "RA" were adjusted by +00:01:16 (+1 minute, and 16 seconds) to synchronize with corrected UTC time. The positions stored in the EXIF are in geographic coordinates referenced to the WGS84(G1150) coordinate reference system (EPSG:4979), with elevation in meters relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Additional information was added to the EXIF using the command-line 'exiftool' software. For the Fort Stevens imagery the following command was used: exiftool ^ -P ^ -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" ^ -IPTC:Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" ^ -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" ^ -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." ^ -EXIF:ImageDescription="Aerial image of the beach at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon, USA, from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-666-FA), conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17" ^ -XMP:Event="Unoccupied Aircraft System survey of the beach at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon, USA, during USGS field activity 2017-666-FA, conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17" ^ -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="Position from UAS onboard autonomous single-frequency GNSS." ^ -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="EPSG:4979 (WGS 84)" ^ -EXIF:Artist="U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center" ^ -IPTC:CopyrightNotice="Public Domain. Please credit U.S. Geological Survey." ^ -IPTC:Caption-Abstract="Aerial image of the beach at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon, USA, from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17" ^ -sep ", " ^ -keywords="Columbia River, Fort Stevens State Park, South Jetty, Oregon, 2017-666-FA, Unoccupied Aircraft System, UAS, drone, aerial imagery, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center" ^ -comment="Low-altitude aerial image from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA conducted under Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Scientific Research Permit #024-17" ^ -Orientation= ^ -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVTVAW" ^ -ext DNG ^ -ext JPG ^ For the Benson Beach imagery the following command was used: exiftool ^ -P ^ -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" ^ -IPTC:Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" ^ -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" ^ -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." ^ -EXIF:ImageDescription="Aerial image of Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, Washington, USA, from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-666-FA), conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit 170603" ^ -XMP:Event="Unoccupied Aircraft System survey of Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, Washington, USA, during USGS field activity 2017-666-FA, conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit 170603" ^ -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="Position from UAS onboard autonomous single-frequency GNSS." ^ -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="EPSG:4979 (WGS 84)" ^ -EXIF:Artist="U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center" ^ -IPTC:CopyrightNotice="Public Domain. Please credit U.S. Geological Survey." ^ -IPTC:Caption-Abstract="Aerial image of Benson Beach at Cape Disappointment State Park, Washington, USA, from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit 170603" ^ -sep ", " ^ -keywords="Columbia River, Cape Disappointment State Park, North Jetty, Washington, 2017-666-FA, Unoccupied Aircraft System, UAS, drone, aerial imagery, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center" ^ -comment="Low-altitude aerial image from USGS Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) survey 2017-666-FA conducted under Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Scientific Research Permit 170603" ^ -Orientation= ^ -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVTVAW" ^ -ext DNG ^ -ext JPG ^ Additional metadata tags were populated for all of the imagery metadata using the following command: exiftool ^ -P ^ "-XMP-photoshop:Credit