Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Publication_Date: 20201204 Title: Historical coastal bluff edge positions at Barter Island, Alaska for the years spanning 1950 to 2020 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P9CRBC5I Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CRBC5I Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5fa22256d34e198cb7953fff Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Benjamin M. Jones Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2020 Title: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and coastal bluff edge positions, and associated rate-of-change data for Barter Island, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9CRBC5I Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CRBC5I Description: Abstract: This dataset includes one vector shapefile delineating the position of the top edge of the coastal permafrost bluffs at Barter Island, Alaska spanning seven decades, between the years of 1950 and 2020. Bluff-edge positions delineated from a combination of aerial photography, declassified satellite photography, and very-high resolution satellite imagery can be used to quantify the movement of the bluff edge through time. These data were used to calculate rates of change every 10 meters alongshore using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each bluff edge vector, establishing measurement points used to calculate bluff change rates. Purpose: These data are part of a series of data quantifying rates and patterns of shoreline change and coastal permafrost bluff retreat from 1947 to 2020 at Barter Island. Alaska. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19500802 Ending_Date: 20200710 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.798211601 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.369936039 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.151990928 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.083358162 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme_Keyword: permafrost Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5fa22256d34e198cb7953fff Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean Place_Keyword: Barter Island Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft [Unknown] Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 (Build 11595) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National assessment of shoreline change—Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian border to Icy Cape Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change—Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.–Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1048, 96 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meridith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide Other_Citation_Details: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., and Farris, A.S., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1179. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Li H. Erikson Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Assessing patterns of annual change to permafrost bluffs along the North Slope coast of Alaska using high-resolution imagery and elevation models Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., Nolan, M., Richmond, B.M., Snyder, A.G., Erikson, L.H., 2019, Assessing patterns of annual change to permafrost bluffs along the North Slope coast of Alaska using high-resolution imagery and elevation models: Geomorphology, v. 336, p. 152-164. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.029 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes in this table record positional and measurement uncertainties calculated during the process of delineating features from the imagery data as described in the process steps. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (Himmelstoss and others, 2018). Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent bluff edge segments do not overlap. Bluff edges were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty calculations. Completeness_Report: This file is complete and contains all segments used to calculate change rates where data were available. These data adequately represented the feature position at the time of the imagery. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data have been delineated from aerial and satellite imagery acquired between 1950 and 2020, the horizontal accuracy of which varies with respect to the data source and the time period. Horizontal accuracy is represented by the UNCY attribute in the file, calculated following the methodology described in Gibbs and Richmond 2015. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset is not applicable. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 19790713 Title: Aerial Photos Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Photo Series_Information: Series_Name: Single Frame Aerial Photography Issue_Identification: Aerial Photography Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610XKM Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19500802 Ending_Date: 19790713 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial photographs Source_Contribution: Aerial photographs were used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 19790713 Title: Aerial Photos Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Photo Series_Information: Series_Name: Single Frame Aerial Photography Issue_Identification: Aerial Photography Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610XKM Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19500802 Ending_Date: 19790713 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial photographs Source_Contribution: Aerial photographs were used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 19690725 Title: DECLASSIFIED SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY: DS1107-1028AA055 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-Sensing Image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19690725 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CORONA satellite photograph Source_Contribution: The CORONA satellite photograph was used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Declassified Satellite Imagery 3 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Photograph and/or Digital Image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, South Dakota Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19750707 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hexagon satellite photograph Source_Contribution: The Hexagon satellite photograph was used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Maxar Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: IKONOS, Quickbird, Worldview 1, and Worldview 2 satellite images Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Unpublished data Publisher: Unpublished data Online_Linkage: https://www.maxar.com/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2000 Ending_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Maxar satellite imagery Source_Contribution: Maxar satellite images were used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Images were acquired under the NextView licensing agreement which restricts image data use and distribution. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Matt Nolan Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Publication_Date: 20190226 Title: Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital Data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., Nolan, M., and Snyder, A.G., 2019, Orthophotomosaics, elevation point clouds, digital surface elevation models and supporting data from the north coast of Barter Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9964TKX Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20140701 Ending_Date: 20150705 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fodar imagery Source_Contribution: Fodar imagery was used to delineate the top edge of the bluff and instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Process_Step: Process_Description: Bluff edge positions were delineated from a combination of historical maps, aerial photography, declassified satellite photography, and very-high resolution satellite imagery spanning a 70-year period between 1950 and 2020. Spatial resolution of the datasets ranged from 0.08 to 3.9 m. Images were georeferenced and rectified using map coordinates, ground survey points, and/or image-to-image correlation of photo-identifiable ground features. A total root-mean-square rectification error was determined for each dataset based on the residuals. Vectors were digitized in a GIS from all data sources using standard editing tools in ArcMap 10.7 using criteria described in Gibbs and Richmond (2015) and Gibbs and others (2019). A total horizontal position uncertainty of the feature was determined as the quadrature sum of all uncertainties, including the georeferencing, digitizing, and RMSE on image rectification. Long- and short-term bluff change rates were calculated every 10 meters alongshore using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System 5.0 (Himmelstoss and others, 2018). Linear regression and weighted linear regression methods were employed for long-term change rate calculations and an end-point rate method was employed for annual and semi-annual change rate calculations. Additional details on methodology and uncertainty estimates can be found in Gibbs and Richmond (2015) and Himmelstoss and others (2018). Process_Date: 2020 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 491 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 7 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -141.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date on which the source imagery for the digitized feature was collected in format MM/DD/YYYY. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unknown Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year_ Attribute_Definition: Year in which the source imagery for the digitized feature was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1950 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2020 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Years Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCY Attribute_Definition: total horizontal position uncertainty, in meters. Actual position of the feature is within the range of this value. The uncertainty was determined by equation 1 in Gibbs and Richmond (2015). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Attribute_Definition: Feature digitized Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Gully fill Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An arbitrarily drawn line segment connecting two points that approximates a continuous bluff edge at locations where a gully incises landward into the bluff. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Top of bluff Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Top edge of coastal bluff Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: Identifies the source of the map or imagery from which the bluff edges in this dataset were digitized. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: AHAP, Color infrared photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alaska High-altitude Aerial Photography, color infrared photographs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: CORONA, Panchromatic satellite photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Declassified CORONA satellite, panchromatic photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fairbanks Fodar, Natural color aerial photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Orthorectified, natural color aerial photo mosaics generated by Fairbanks Fodar using Structure from Motion (SfM)photogrammetry Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hexagon, Panchromatic satellite photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Declassified Hexagon satellite, panchromatic photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar IKONOS, Panchromatic satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar IKONOS satellite, panchromatic imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar Quickbird, Panchromatic satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar Quickbird satellite, panchromatic imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar WV01, Panchromatic satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar Worldview 1 satellite, panchromatic imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar WV02, Panchromatic satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar Worldview 2 satellite, panchromatic imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar WV02, Pansharpened multispectral satellite * Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar Worldview 2 satellite, pansharpened multispectral satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maxar WV02, Pansharpened natural color satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Maxar Worldview 2 satellite, pansharpened natural color satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS, Panchromatic aerial photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: USGS, panchromatic single frame aerial photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in shapefile format contained in a single zip file, which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Desktop 10.7 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains digitized bluff edge position representing the top edge of the coastal bluff at Barter Island, Alaska. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or equivalent. Transfer_Size: 0.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5fa22256d34e198cb7953fff Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CRBC5I Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201204 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998