Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Publication_Date: 20191227 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.4 transects with short-term linear regression rate calculations for the exposed north coast of Alaska, from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: polyline shapefile Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P9H1S1PV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5dbb7affe4b06957974eda3b Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Publication_Date: 2019 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV Description: Abstract: This dataset consists of short-term (less than 37 years) shoreline change rates for the north coast of Alaska from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.4, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate-of-change (lrr) method based on available shoreline data between 1980s and 2016. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate rates of change. Purpose: Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread and is threatens Native communities, defense and energy-related infrastructure, and coastal habitat. As coastal populations continue to expand and infrastructure and habitat are increasingly threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There also is a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline change with metrics that are consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19480701 Ending_Date: 20160903 Currentness_Reference: ground condition. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.127648476711 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.826969308734 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 67.847383257894 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.6001728650679 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5dfb1beae4b0b5e61c053997 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme_Keyword: Physical/Chemical Features Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea Place_Keyword: Kotzebue Sound Place_Keyword: Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Place_Keyword: Cape Krusenstern National Monument Place_Keyword: Icy Cape Place_Keyword: Point Lay Place_Keyword: Cape Lisburne Place_Keyword: Point Hope Place_Keyword: Cape Thompson Place_Keyword: Cape Espenberg Place_Keyword: Cape Prince of Wales Place_Keyword: Kivalina Place_Keyword: Deering Place_Keyword: Shishhmaref Place_Keyword: Wales Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Arctic Place_Keyword: Red Dog Dock Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Generated as a feature class contained in a Personal Geodatabase by DSAS in ArcGIS. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2019 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales. Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., Snyder, A.G., Richmond, B.M., 2019, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1146. Online_Linkage: https:/doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191146 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert E. Thieler Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: Ayhan Ergul Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change Other_Citation_Details: Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, A., 2009, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0‚ An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1278. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081278 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes in this layer is based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). The data have been quality checked. Logical_Consistency_Report: All polylines have a unique identification attribute (ID). This field is used by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to measure shoreline change. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains the transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate shoreline change rates along the coast of Alaska, between Icy Cape and Cape Prince of Wales, where shoreline position data were available. Additional transects may have been generated but did not intersect the shoreline dates specified. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The transect serves as a reference point along which measurements are calculated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. It does not correspond to any real-world feature. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The transect serves as a reference point along which measurements are calculated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. It does not correspond to any real-world feature. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Offshore baseline generated to calculate shoreline change rates for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince Wales. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5dbb7aa1e4b06957974eda35?facet=WestChukchi_Baselines Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Unknown Ending_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: Not Applicable Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DSAS baseline Source_Contribution: DSAS baseline used for calculation of shoreline change rates. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Shorelines from 1948 to 2016 for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince Wales. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5dbb7ac3e4b06957974eda38?facet=WestChukchi_shorelines Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1948 Ending_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines Source_Contribution: Shorelines used for calculation of shoreline change rates. Process_Step: Process_Description: Transect features were generated using DSAS v4.4 in ArcMap v10.6. Parameters Used: baseline, transect spacing=50 meters, transect length=500m, cast direction=onshore, baseline location=offshore, cast method=smoothed, smoothing distance=50 meters. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DSAS Baseline Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: Some transects were manually edited to ensure that intersected all shorelines and were as close to perpendicular as possible. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: Rate calculations performed using DSAS v4.4 in ArcMap v10.6 on selected shoreline features. Parameters Used: shoreline layer=WestChukchi_shorelines, shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=Uncy, the default accuracy= 0 meters, stats calculations=SCE/NSM/LRR, confidence interval=90%. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: Shoreline change rates table was joined to the transect feature class in ArcMap v10.6 by right-clicking on the transect layer; joins and relates; join; join attributes from a table. Parameters: join field - ObjectID; field in table: TransectID; join options - keep only matching records. Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: The joined transect feature class was exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v10.6 by right-clicking the transect layer; data; export data, permanently linking the joined rate fields to the transect attribute table. Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: The exported transect shapefile was projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v10.6); Data Management Tools; Projections and Transformations; Feature; Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 3 (NAD83); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983. Process_Date: 2019 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Process_Date: 20211013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 8920 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0196106556 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0558147069 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal seconds Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Index number unique to each record in the attribute table. Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned by ArcMap Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8919 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Defines what type of spatial information is associated with this record (for example, polyline, polygon, point). Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned by ArcMap. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Polyline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A shape defined by one or more paths, in which a path is a series of connected segments. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ArcMap 10.6 Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaselineID Attribute_Definition: Field required by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. DSAS uses this value to determine the ordering sequence of transects when the baseline feature contains multiple segments. Individual segments are numbered sequentially alongshore. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 107 Range_Domain_Maximum: 121 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Group_ Attribute_Definition: Region ID as defined in Gibbs and others (2019). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Asikpak Lagoon to Sheshalik Spit (CAKR) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sullivan Lake to Cape Prince of Wales (BELA) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransOrder Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to allow user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 9100 Range_Domain_Maximum: 24612 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ProcTime Attribute_Definition: Date and time (YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS) a transect was processed. This value is automatically assigned by the DSAS extension. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2018/12/19 16:46:36 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2018/12/19 16:50:12 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Autogen Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS to indicate whether or not a transect was automatically created by DSAS (1= transect was auto generated by DSAS; 0=transect was not auto-generated). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Transect was not auto-generated by DSAS. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Transect was auto-generated by DSAS. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: StartX Attribute_Definition: Easting component of the coordinate (in NAD83 UTM Zone 3) defining the start of the transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 356104.98 Range_Domain_Maximum: 594767.23 Attribute: Attribute_Label: StartY Attribute_Definition: Northing component of the coordinate (in NAD83 UTM Zone 3) defining the start of the transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7278897.71 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7525502.8 Attribute: Attribute_Label: EndX Attribute_Definition: Easting component of the coordinate (in NAD83 UTM Zone 3) defining the end of the transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 356604.89 Range_Domain_Maximum: 594621.54 Attribute: Attribute_Label: EndY Attribute_Definition: Northing component of the coordinate (in NAD83 UTM Zone 3) defining the end of the transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7278815.88 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7525858.8 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Azimuth Attribute_Definition: The azimuth of the transect, defined in degrees. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.34 Range_Domain_Maximum: 350.31 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ShoreType Attribute_Definition: User defined shoreline type. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Exposed Barrier Beach Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sand or gravel deposit extending across a body of water. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Exposed Barrier Island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Offshore deposits of sand or sediment that run parallel to the coastline. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Exposed Barrier Spit Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sand or gravel deposit extending from the mainland into a body of water. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Exposed Mainland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A large, continuous extent of land that does not include offshore islands or other detached territories. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Exposed Mainland, rocky Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A large, continuous extent of rocky land that does not include offshore islands or other detached territories. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of the polyline represented by this record. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 112.125216 Range_Domain_Maximum: 792.974111 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransectID Attribute_Definition: Same value as ObjectID. Used as a permanent and unique identification number for each transect in the output rates table calculated by DSAS. This attribute was used as the common field when joining the rates table (.dbf) to the transect feature class in a geodatabase. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6729 Attribute: Attribute_Label: TCD Attribute_Definition: Total cumulative distance in meters from start of baseline to transect location. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 250 Range_Domain_Maximum: 380069.24 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: SCE Attribute_Definition: The shoreline change envelope reports a distance, not a rate. The SCE is the distance between the shoreline farthest from and closest to the baseline at each transect. This represents the total change in shoreline movement for all available shoreline positions and is not related to their dates. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 631.47 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: NSM Attribute_Definition: The Net shoreline movement (NSM) reports the distance between the oldest and youngest shorelines for each transect. This represents the total distance between the oldest and youngest shorelines. If this distance is divided by the number of years elapsed between the two shoreline positions, the result is the End Point Rate (EPR). Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -631.47 Range_Domain_Maximum: 227 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LRR Attribute_Definition: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -16.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.22 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters/year Attribute: Attribute_Label: LR2 Attribute_Definition: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LSE Attribute_Definition: The predicted (or estimated) values of y (the distance from baseline in meters) are computed for each shoreline point by using the values of x (the shoreline date) and solving the equation for the best-fit regression line (y=mx+b). The standard error is also called the standard deviation. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 191.13 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LCI90 Attribute_Definition: The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The LRR rates are determined by a best-fit regression line for the shoreline data at each transect. The slope of this line is the reported rate of change (in meters/year). The confidence interval (LCI) is calculated by multiplying the standard error (also called the standard deviation) of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. Attribute_Definition_Source: Thieler and others (2009). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 43.941 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CalcEra Attribute_Definition: Decade (era) of shorelines used to calculate shoreline change rates. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1980s, 2000s, 2010s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shorelines used from specified decades. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in shapefile format contained in a single zip file, which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Desktop 10.6 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains shoreline change rates measured along shore perpendicular transects on the northern coast of Alaska. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or equivalent. Transfer_Size: 0.877 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5dbb7affe4b06957974eda3b Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998