Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Publication_Date: 20221011 Title: Digital elevation models (DEMs) of coastal North Carolina, on 2019-10-11, one month Post-Hurricane Dorian Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data (GeoTIFF) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial photogrammetry data and products of the North Carolina coast Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Description: Abstract: Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created from aerial imagery collected October 11, 2019, along the North Carolina coast between the Virginia-North Carolina border vicinity and Cape Lookout, North Carolina. These DEMs were created to document ground conditions one-month after Hurricane Dorian, which made landfall on the North Carolina coast on September 6, 2019. The DEMs help researchers estimate the land surface one-month post-Hurricane Dorian and were created to document inter-annual changes in shoreline position and coastal morphology in response to storm events using aerial imagery collections and a structure from motion (SFM) workflow. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify topographic and shallow-water bathymetric features. Purpose: U.S. Geological (USGS) researchers use the DEMs to assess future coastal vulnerability, nesting habitats for wildlife, and provide data for hurricane impact models. The products span the coast over both highly developed towns and natural areas, including federal lands. This research is part of the USGS Remote Sensing Coastal Change Project. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-312-CNT Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The raw imagery and navigation data used to produce the DEMs are available online at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRSMOJ. Bounding coordinates for the metadata are derived from the overall flight path and are not necessarily representative of individual DEM product boundaries, which are split up along the coast to have more accessible data-download sizes. See image at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/617352c1d34ea36449a8838b?name=Product_Boundary_Map.jpg for geographic locations used to create the data subsets. Note that the term DEM is used throughout this data release, but digital surface model (DSM) is also appropriate, as the models include vegetation and other canopy returns. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191011 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition, data were collected on one day: October 11, 2019. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.54691663 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.45895472 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.26709770 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.58252919 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: fragile ecosystems Theme_Keyword: beach Theme_Keyword: barrier island Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems (GIS) Theme_Keyword: hurricanes and typhoons Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing Coastal Change Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Dorian Theme_Keyword: digital surface models Theme_Keyword: Outer Banks Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme_Keyword: geography Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: hurricanes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:619d357cd34eb622f69526e3 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Pamlico Sound Place_Keyword: State of North Carolina Place_Keyword: Commonwealth of Virginia Place_Keyword: Cape Lookout Place_Keyword: Cape Hatteras Place_Keyword: Duck (1025292) Place_Keyword: Oregon Inlet Place_Keyword: Hatteras Inlet Place_Keyword: Ocracoke Inlet Place_Keyword: Ophelia Inlet Place_Keyword: Beaufort Inlet Place_Keyword: Cape Lookout Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. These data are not intended for navigational use. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/619d357cd34eb622f69526e3?name=201910_DEM_NC_example.JPG&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Example segment of an elevation-colored digital elevation model from 2019-10-11. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10, Agisoft Metashape Professional version 1.6.5, gdal version 3.1.4., QGIS 3.2.2. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tommy Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce DEMs and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM Partners) Publication_Date: 2019 Title: 2018 USACE NCMP Post-Florence Topobathy Lidar DEM: Southeast Coast (VA, NC, SC) Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 57345 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: This data set was used to qualitatively assess the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the DEM products. Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/57345 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM Partners) Publication_Date: 2019 Title: 2019 USACE NCMP DUNEX Topobathy Lidar DEM: East Coast (NC, VA) Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 60197 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: This data set was used to qualitatively assess the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the DEM products. Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/60197 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Andrew D. Hill Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Nathaniel G. Plant Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Rapid, remote assessment of Hurricane Matthew impacts using four-dimensional structure-from-motion photogrammetry Series_Information: Series_Name: Professional Paper Issue_Identification: DOI:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00016.1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Online Publisher: Journal of Coastal Research Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology described for processing imagery in Metashape in four-dimensions to produce DEMs and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00016.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The source imagery and positional information and metadata that were used to create these photogrammetrically derived digital elevation models are available Kranenburg and others (2022a). Information on the horizontal and vertical accuracies of the source data can be found within the data release metadata. Product vertical accuracy is assessed using published ground control points (Brown and others, 2021). Users are encouraged to do their own accuracy assessment with published lidar or other elevation products to make sure the error estimates and products meet their needs. It should also be noted that accuracy estimates of the products are for areas of bare ground or low vegetation where GCPs were placed. Additional sources of error such as poor image-to-image point matching due to vegetation or uniform substrate texture or moving objects resulting in poor surface reconstruction may cause localized errors in some portions of the DEM to exceed accuracy estimates. Processing imagery in 4D (see processing steps) aims to keep related products precise within the reported accuracies. Logical_Consistency_Report: There are a total of four DEMs included in this dataset. All data fall into expected elevation ranges except for points near tall buildings, areas of poorer image overlap, and near water (waves, ponds, shorelines), where the data return is often sparse, noisy, and erroneous. The DEM includes returns from the vegetation on land and in the water. Shallow underwater reconstructions have not been corrected for parallax. Completeness_Report: The final DEM products are not interpolated and have been cropped to remove the majority, but not all of, the noise and zones of high uncertainty (for example, foreshore, water bodies, areas with poor overlap). Therefore, the DEMs do not cover the same exact extent as the associated orthorectified products in the larger work citation or the original imagery available. GeoTIFFs are cloud-optimized. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal accuracy is affected by the source data and photogrammetry processing and difficult to quantitatively test. One control point (GCP 34; 0.037-meter xy accuracy) and post-processed kinematic (PPK) camera positions (Kranenburg and others, 2022a; 2022b; 2022c; 2022d) were used to create the final SFM products in 4D. The horizontal (x,y) error of control point GCP 34 after batch co-alignment and error reduction in the Metashape project (see processing steps) was 0.040,-0.048 m. These values do not represent the absolute horizontal georeferencing accuracy of the product but provide a better sense of the overall accuracy. Due to the nature of the in-place GCPs being difficult to distinguish in the orthoimages at their published resolution, no further horizontal accuracy assessment was done with them. A qualitative analysis of gridded first-return lidar data at stable points (OCM Partners, 2018; 2019) supports these base horizontal accuracy estimates. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Only 1 ground control point (GCP 34; 0.043-meter z accuracy; Brown and others, 2021) and the post-processed kinematic (PPK) camera positions (Kranenburg and others, 2022a; 2022b; 2022c; 2022d) were used in the photogrammetry processing to create the final products. The vertical positional accuracy was independently evaluated, outside of Metashape, against 29 of the 34 Brown and others (2021) in-place GCPs within the extent of the Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEM. Note that this is separate from the GCP and DEM adjustment detailed in Processing Step 7. These GCP vertical positions were compared to the corrected raster elevations using bilinear interpolation at each GPS point to derive the root-mean-square error (0.083 meters) and MAE (0.063 meters) of the DEM. The “corrected” mean-error (vertical bias) of the GCP measurements relative to DEM elevations was 0.026 meters, meaning the DEM was, on average, reconstructed at a lower elevation than the GPS measurements. The addition of the reported vertical accuracy of the GPS measurements (0.047 meters) in quadrature results in a total vertical accuracy estimate of 0.095 meters for the Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEM using this method. Given that the ground control points are only available within the Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEM, we assume that all other DEMs in this release (from the border of Virginia to Cape Lookout) have similar vertical non-vegetated accuracies. A qualitative analysis of gridded first return lidar data (OCM Partners, 2018; 2019) supports these accuracy estimates. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2019-10-11 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRSMOJ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191011 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery Source_Contribution: The data in this release are used to make the 2019-10-11 SFM products. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2019-11-26 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TL46N Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191126 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 1 Source_Contribution: The data in this release are used in the 4D alignment Metashape SFM Batch2a process. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2020-02-08 to 2020-02-09 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ISFCVN Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200208 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200209 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 2 Source_Contribution: The data in this release are used in the 4D alignment Metashape SFM Batch2a process. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2020-05-08 to 2020-05-09 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OCDOYZ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200508 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200509 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 3 Source_Contribution: The data in this release are used in the 4D alignment Metashape SFM Batch2a process. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Marinna Martini Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Ground Control Point Data from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, post-Hurricane Dorian, October 2019 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DVZC23 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20190924 Ending_Date: 20190925 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ground Control Points Source_Contribution: The Ground Control Points are used in the SFM process and to assess horizontal and vertical positional accuracy. Process_Step: Process_Description: On a workstation (AMD Threadripper 3960X /AsRock TRX40 Creator motherboard/256GB 3000MHz RAM) using Win10x64, aerial imagery and associated positional data (Kranenburg and others 2022a; 2022b; 2022c; 2022d) and a single ground control point (Brown and others, 2021) were brought into an Agisoft Metashape Pro (v. 1.6.5) project to align in a 4D manner (see Sherwood and others, 2019). Only one ground control point, GCP 34, was used as a control point to help 'lock' in the camera positions, whereas the rest of the points were used as independent vertical check points (that is, they were not placed in Metashape). See Kranenburg and others (2022a), for Metashape Reference Settings inputs. The additional imagery improves the horizontal and vertical accuracy, but similar products can be reproduced without them. The following steps were performed on the Metashape project in the geographic coordinate system NAD83(2011) in ellipsoid height following the general guidance of Over and others (2021): 1. Separate camera models and camera groups were created for each flight date aligned in 4D. Note that multiple imagery datasets are used in the overall processing effort to produce the end individual survey products that this metadata file covers. 2. Imagery (with positions) are aligned in 4D to create a point cloud using a 'High' alignment setting, keypoint limit of 70,000, tiepoint limit of 0, generic preselection selected, and reference preselection via source selected. The tiepoint accuracy was set to 1 pixel. 3. The resultant point cloud was filtered using one iteration of the 'Reconstruction uncertainty' filter at a level of 10, one iteration of the 'Projection accuracy' filter at a level of 3, and two iterations of the 'Reprojection accuracy' filer at a level of 0.3 (in the second iteration the 'fit additional corrections' option was turned on). With each filter, iteration points are selected, deleted, and then the camera model is optimized to refine the focal length, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 camera model coefficients. 4. Natural breaks in the final alignment product were identified based on bodies of water or the extreme northern and southern ends of a flight (see Product_Boundary_Map.jpg at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3TWY7). The breaks and dates of imagery in the 4D process are used for ease and speed of processing. The boundaries used for the one-month post-Hurricane Dorian dataset are the Virginia-North Carolina border vicinity to Oregon Inlet, Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet, Hatteras Inlet to Ocracoke Inlet, Ocracoke Inlet to Cape Lookout. For each region, sub-chunks were created for each mission (one or two flight-days, usually adjacent) by iteratively copying the original 4D chunk and removing all camera groups not part of a single mission. Note that this particular metadata file only covers the one-month post-Hurricane Dorian dataset collected on 2019-10-11. Processing took place starting in June 2021 and into February 2022, the latest processing in YYYYMM is given in the Process Date. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ground Control Points Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Imagery 4D dataset 3 Process_Date: 202202 Process_Step: Process_Description: From the previous process step, each 'chunk' is processed as follows to create the final DEM products for each flight date: 1. Targeted imagery sets in the aligned chunk are copied from the workstation to a new Agisoft Metashape Pro. project on the U.S Geological Survey Tallgrass high-performance computing network for processing on CPU and GPU nodes (https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/sas/arc/machine-access). 2. If multiple flight dates were flown for this chunk, imagery from one date is targeted, and the rest are disabled (this is then switched for each flight date in the chunk after the final step and steps 3-6 are repeated). 3. A high quality dense point cloud is generated for the chunk with 'mild' filtering and the options to calculate point color and point confidence selected. 4. Dense point cloud is filtered using the 'Filter by Confidence' tool using the range 0-2, these points selected at this range are classified as low noise. 5. A DEM is built from the dense point cloud with interpolation disabled and without the points classified as low noise. 6. DEM is exported in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 18N and NAVD88(m) with 1-m cell size and region boundaries rounded to the nearest 10 m interval. West and south bounds are rounded up and east and north bounds are rounded down. 7. In order to minimize elevation differences between flights in the 4D reconstruction, all DEMs were then adjusted to a common datum by adding the median signed difference between GCPs (Brown and others, 2021) and the Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEM elevations (GCP - DEM) produced by each survey. That is, for DEMs from 2019-10-11 to 2020-05-09, differences were calculated for all GCPs and all Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEMs and then these values were ranked, and the middle value was used (or the middle two values were averaged, for an even number of differences) to adjust each DEM in the chunk, not just the Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet DEM. The median value for this 4D reconstruction was -0.03402. 8. Each adjusted DEM was then masked by a human-edited shapefile in QGIS (v. 3.2.2.) to remove high uncertainty regions. Note that the shapefiles are used as part of the workflow to produce the final product and are not provided, if this extent or shapefile needs to be used by someone else it can be recreated in a GIS setting by extracting the outline(s) of the provided raster(s), for example the raster to vector tool in QGIS. Uncertainty was visualized using a hillshade of the DEM with an elevation factor of 5 and an additional raster that highlights areas with a high standard deviation away from the adjusted DEM elevation values. The shapefiles were edited by either S. Bosse, J. Over, E. Lyons, or J. Favela. 9. Final clipped DEMs for the one-month post-Hurricane Dorian dataset are turned into cloud-optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command:for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni_cog.tif -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/), where i is the name of each geoTIFF section. Process_Date: 202204 Process_Step: Process_Description: Correction made to network resource link to remove extra space. (scochran@usgs.gov) Process_Date: 20230509 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83_National_Spatial_Reference_System_2011 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 20191011_DEM_VA_to_Oregon_Inlet_NAD83_2011_UTM18N_NAVD88_1m_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster dataset (Cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the North Carolina coast from the vicinity of the Virginia State border to Oregon Inlet on October 11, 2019. Pixel resolution is 1-meter. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in NAVD88 using Geoid 2018 Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.4028234663852886e+38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -7.899 Range_Domain_Maximum: 48.954 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 20191011_DEM_Oregon_Inlet_to_Hatteras_Inlet_NAD83_2011_UTM18N_NAVD88_1m_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster dataset (Cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the North Carolina coast from Oregon Inlet to Hatteras Inlet on October 11, 2019. Pixel resolution is 1-meter. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in NAVD88 using Geoid 2018 Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.4028234663852886e+38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -17.907 Range_Domain_Maximum: 42.871 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 20191011_DEM_Hatteras_Inlet_to_Ocracoke_Inlet_NAD83_2011_UTM18N_NAVD88_1m_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster dataset (Cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the North Carolina coast from Hatteras Inlet to Ocracoke Inlet on October 11, 2019. Pixel resolution is 1-meter. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in NAVD88 using Geoid 2018 Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.4028234663852886e+38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.975 Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.775 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 20191011_DEM_Ocracoke_Inlet_to_Cape_Lookout_NAD83_2011_UTM18N_NAVD88_1m_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster dataset (Cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the North Carolina coast from Ocracoke Inlet to Cape Lookout on October 11, 2019. Pixel resolution is 1-meter. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in NAVD88 using Geoid 2018 Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.4028234663852886e+38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -7.541 Range_Domain_Maximum: 50.763 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Pixels represent elevation in meters relative to NAVD88 (Geoid 18). There are four DEM 32-bit floating point cloud-optimized GeoTIFFs. The filename for each DEM is formatted as "date_product_location_to_location_CRS_resolution_cog.tif", where date is the date the images were collected (in YYYYMMDD format), product is Digital Elevation Model (DEM), location_to_location is the specific geographic location in North Carolina of the northern extent to the southern extent, CRS is the horizontal and vertical coordinate reference system used, resolution is the horizontal pixel resolution of the grid, and 'cog' denotes the product is a cloud-optimized GeoTIFF. The horizontal and vertical CRS is NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 18N and NAVD88 for all DEMs. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - Sciencebase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The four DEM deflate-compressed cloud-optimized GeoTIFFS (COGs) are available in 1-m resolution and represent the coast of North Carolina one-month after Hurricane Dorian on October 11, 2019. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: Cloud-optimized 32-bit floating point 1-m GeoTIFFs deflate compressed. File_Decompression_Technique: none Transfer_Size: 1100 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/619d357cd34eb622f69526e3 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/619d357cd34eb622f69526e3 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link will begin a direct download of a zip file containing all the datasets and metadata (the transfer size in MB). The second link is to the page where you can download data files individually. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230509 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998