Matt Nolan
Ann E. Gibbs
Alexander G. Snyder
20221115
Orthoimagery of the coast of Alaska from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales, 2016
1.0
raster digital data (GeoTIFF)
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9PGJNE9
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGJNE9
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62819e47d34e3bef0c9a3b0d
Matt Nolan
Ann E. Gibbs
Alexander G. Snyder
2022
Alaska coastal orthoimagery and elevation data: Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales, 2016
1.0
raster and vector digital files
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9PGJNE9
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
U.S. Geological Survey
suggested citation: Nolan, M., Gibbs, A.E., and Snyder, A.G., 2022, Alaska coastal orthoimagery and elevation data: Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGJNE9.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGJNE9
This part of the data release presents orthoimagery spanning the ocean shoreline of Alaska from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales. Aerial images were collected, and data were processed, by Fairbanks Fodar (https://www.fairbanksfodar.com) in Fairbanks, Alaska, for the U.S. Geological Survey. The aerial images, from which the orthoimages were created, were collected in 2016 between August 29 and September 4 and extend from the shoreline to 400-4000 meters inland. The aerial images were collected with precise Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation data from a manned aircraft and were then processed into orthoimages photogrammetrically and using structure-from-motion (SFM) processing methods as described in Nolan and others, 2015. Orthoimages contain 4-band, 8-bit, unsigned raster data and are available in GeoTIFF format with 10, 16, or 20 cm cell sizes, depending on location. The orthoimages were converted to cloud optimized GeoTIFF format by the USGS. Due to file size and number limitations, the orthoimages have been divided into three groups by geographic location. Users are encouraged to use the Tile Index shapefile, which is also available in this data release, to identify orthoimagery files that are appropriate to a specific area of interest.
Fairbanks Fodar was contracted by the USGS to acquire aerial photography and to generate structure-from-motion products including orthoimagery, digital elevation models, and elevation point clouds. USGS researchers use the orthorectified imagery to delineate shoreline position and characterize coastal geomorphology.
The Tile Index shapefile, also available in this data release, provides an outline of the data in each orthoimagery and elevation data file as well as the name of the file. Once the appropriate filenames are identified, users can either download files to their local server or stream the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) directly to any COG supporting GIS.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
20160829
20160904
ground condition at time data were collected
None planned
-167.62629
-159.92483
70.29046
65.763323
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
ImageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Data Categories for Marine Planning
Physical habitats and geomorphology
USGS Thesaurus
structure from motion
coastal processes
geospatial datasets
remote sensing
aerial photography
image collections
geomorphology
earth sciences
geography
coastal processes
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
coast
beach
cliff
beach ridge
shore
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
CMHRP
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:62819e47d34e3bef0c9a3b0d
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
State of Alaska
Icy Cape
Chukchi Sea
Wainwright
Point Lay
Kasegaluk Lagoon
Cape Sabine
Sitkok Point
Cape Beaufort
Cape Lisburne
Wevok
Cape Lewis
Kilikralik Point
Marryat Inlet
Cape Prince of Wales
Shishmaref
Kotzebue Sound
Kotzebue
Kivalina
Point Hope
Cape Krusenstern
Deering
Cape Espenberg
Cape Thompson
None
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Fairbanks Fodar as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/62819e47d34e3bef0c9a3b0d?name=Orthoimagery_Example.jpg&allowOpen=true
Graphic depicts an example of the orthoimagery data available in this release.
JPEG
Data collection was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data acquisition and processing were conducted by Fairbanks Fodar.
Microsoft Windows 10, Agisoft Photoscan, ArcMap 10.6, gdal v3.3.1
M. Nolan
C. Larsen
M. Sturm
2015
Mapping snow depth from manned aircraft on landscape scales at centimeter resolution using structure-from-motion photogrammetry
Nolan, M., Larsen, C., and Sturm, M., 2015, Mapping snow depth from manned aircraft on landscape scales at centimeter resolution using structure-from-motion photogrammetry: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 1445–1463, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1445-2015.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1445-2015
Alexander G. Snyder
Ann E. Gibbs
2019
National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales
Snyder, A.G., and Gibbs, A.E., 2019, National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV
Ann E. Gibbs
Alexander G. Snyder
Bruce M. Richmond
2019
National Assessment of Shoreline Change—Historical Shoreline Change Along the North Coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales
Gibbs, A.E., Snyder, A.G., and Richmond, B.M., 2019, National assessment of shoreline change—Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1146, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191146.
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191146
Jacquelyn R. Overbeck
Richard M. Buzard
Mark M. Turner
Katie Y. Miller
Roberta J.T. Glenn
2020
Shoreline change at Alaska coastal communities: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation
Overbeck, J.R., Buzard, R.M., Turner, M.M., Miller, K.Y., and Glenn, R.J., 2020, Shoreline change at Alaska coastal communities: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2020-10, 29 p., 47 sheets, https://doi.org/10.14509/30552.
https://doi.org/10.14509/30552
Quantum Spatial, Incorporated (QSI)
2019
Fairbanks Fodar Assessment
A formal evaluation performed by Quantum Spatial (2019) compared these data to vertical control points (see the Attribute Accuracy Report). Additional information about this report can be obtained by contact Ann Gibbs (agibbs@usgs.gov).
A formal accuracy evaluation performed by Quantum Spatial, Incorporated (QSI; 2019) compared these data to other data sources. Additional information about this report can be obtained by contacting Ann Gibbs (agibbs@usgs.gov).
Quantum Spatial, Incorporated (QSI; 2019) compared orthoimagery in this dataset to orthoimagery from other sources that cover the same area and the data in release were found to be very consistent in their visual and spatial representation of geomorphic features and infrastructure, except near areas of moving water. Data also include returns from vegetation/the canopy. Shallow underwater reconstructions have not been corrected for parallax.
Structure-from-motion photogrammetry utilizes overlapping photographs, which can cause moving water surfaces to appear unrealistic. In some rare cases, images of water surface may appear in spatially unrealistic places. These artifacts are generally very recognizable. Users are advised to become familiar with the entire metadata document.
Formal horizontal accuracy checks were not possible, but visual evaluations conducted by Quantum Spatial, Incorporated (QSI; 2019) confirmed that these data align well with other orthoimagery and lidar data. Gibbs and others (2019) used a horizontal uncertainty value of 0.3 meters.
Not applicable.
Photographs were collected using a Nikon D800E with 24 mm lens mounted to a vertical camera port and connected to a survey grade GPS (Trimble 5700), which records an event marker for each photo, allowing for positional accuracy of less than 10 cm. The camera and GPS system was fit to a Cessna 170B, from which the photos were collected (Nolan and others, 2015). Photographs were primarily collected by flying two passes parallel to the shoreline in a flight pattern that achieved approximately 60 percent side lap and 80 percent end lap between photographs. Acquisition methods followed those outlined in Nolan and others (2015), with the exception of the number of passes made by the aircraft, which in this case was two instead of four.
20160904
Dr. Matt Nolan
Fairbanks Fodar
Owner
mailing
PO Box 82416
Fairbanks
AK
99708
907-978-0542
info@fairbanksfodar.com
Photographs were processed to optimize exposure and contrast. Photograph position GPS data were post-processed using precise point positioning (PPP) due to the absence of a nearby available GPS base station network. The overlapping aerial photos and GPS positions were input into Agisoft Photoscan Structure-from-Motion software. Data were processed in blocks, based in part on the time the imagery was collected. Agisoft generated point clouds, digital elevation models (DEMs), and orthoimagery, which were output in smaller blocks to make the data more manageable. More information about the processing steps used to generate this dataset are described in Nolan and other, 2015.
20160904
Dr. Matt Nolan
Fairbanks Fodar
Owner
mailing
PO Box 82416
Fairbanks
AK
99708
907-978-0542
info@fairbanksfodar.com
GDAL v3.3.1 (accessed February, 2022; https://gdal.org) was used to convert the orthoimagery to cloud optimized GeoTIFFs for data publication. The following command was used: gdal_translate ‘infile’ -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES.
20220118
Alexander Snyder
U.S. Geological Survey
Oceanographer
Mailing
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-427-4450
agsnyder@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
Universal Transverse Mercator
3
0.999600
-165.000000
0.000000
500000.000000
0.000000
row and column
0.20
0.20
meters
NAD83_National_Spatial_Reference_System_2011
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.000000
298.257222101
Four-band GeoTIFF Rasters
Pixel based 4-band, 8-bit, unsigned integer raster matrix with 4 layers of information for each pixel: Red, Green, Blue, and a data/no data indicator.
Producer defined
Band_1
Red wavelength band
Producer defined
0
255
Band_2
Green wavelength band
Producer defined
0
255
Band_1
Blue wavelength band
Producer defined
0
255
Band_4
Values indicating the presence (255) or absence (0) of RGB data from Bands 1,2, or 3.
Producer defined
0
255
These attribute values represent all orthoimagery rasters in this data release. Filenames are a unique identifier that describes certain attributes of the file, including the region, processing group, data type, grid size, and format. For example, the filename ‘shish_C_ortho_20cm-0-4x_cog’ refers to data that is somewhat close to the town of Shishmaref (‘shish’), processed with other files in group ‘C’, contains orthoimagery (‘ortho’) data, represented as a raster with cell size ‘20cm’, uniquely identified as ‘4-2, and stored as a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (‘cog’).
Producer defined
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
These data are available in cloud optimized GeoTIFF format and include CSDGM FGDC compliant metadata.
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
GeoTIFF
Files contain high-resolution orthoimagery as cloud optimized GeoTIFFs. Filename indicates raster resolution in centimeters and general region of data coverage.
Deflate compression used in COG generation. Most GIS software can read this compression format without any extra steps from the user.
170000
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62819e47d34e3bef0c9a3b0d
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/628535e8d34e3bef0c9a6342
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62853dacd34e3bef0c9a642b
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62854179d34e3bef0c9a64a8
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGJNE9
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link points to the landing page for the orthoimagery and includes the metadata. The second, third, and fourth links point to the geographically defined pages where the orthoimagery data can be downloaded. The last link points to the landing page for the entire data release from which other data types can be accessed.
None.
These data can be viewed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software or other software capable of displaying geospatial raster data.
20221115
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998