Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mary McGann Publication_Date: 20230828 Title: Radiocarbon measurements from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P9QQT6KZ Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQT6KZ Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/644845a1d34ee8d4aded3d35 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mary McGann Originator: Scott W. Starratt Originator: Liam M. Reidy Originator: Thomas D. Lorenson Originator: R. Lawrence Phillips Originator: Tara A. Kneeshaw Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Radiocarbon measurements, census counts of benthic foraminifera, diatoms, and palynomorphs, and geochemistry from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9QQT6KZ Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: McGann, M., Starratt, S.W., Reidy, L., Lorenson, T.D., Phillips, R.L., and Kneeshaw, T.A., 2023, Radiocarbon measurements, census counts of benthic foraminifera, diatoms, and palynomorphs, and geochemistry from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQT6KZ. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQT6KZ Description: Abstract: This data release provides radiocarbon measurements from a core obtained off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay. Purpose: The urbanized area of downtown Menlo Park is subject to persistent flooding and sediment deposition by San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay. To mitigate these events, a suite of cores was collected in 2002 at the mouth of the creek to determine sediment depositional rates on the delta. One of those cores was selected for microbiological (pollen, diatoms, and foraminifera) and geochemical analyses to reconstruct a depositional record over the past two millennia. Based on an abrupt change in lithology and faunal assemblages, an instantaneous vertical displacement and deepening of the depositional environment is evident. Coseismic subsidence associated with large fault ruptures may cause these events. An age model based on the first appearances of non-indigenous biota, radiocarbon dates, radiochemistry, and sediment geochemistry suggests the 1868 rupture of the Hayward Fault may have been the cause. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2002-603-DD Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2002 Ending_Date: 2023 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition at time data were collected. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.0961 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.0961 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.4583 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.4583 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: society Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Substrate Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: chemical analysis Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: mass spectroscopy Theme_Keyword: marine chemistry Theme_Keyword: radiometric dating Theme_Keyword: carbon-14 analysis Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: bay Theme_Keyword: gravity coring Theme_Keyword: sediment deposition Theme_Keyword: sediment geochemistry Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:644845a1d34ee8d4aded3d35 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: San Francisco Bay Place_Keyword: San Francisquito Creek Place_Keyword: Hooks Point Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4979 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Mac OSX 13.3.1, Microsoft Excel 16.72 for Mac Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Stuiver Originator: H.A. Polach Publication_Date: 1977 Title: Discussion: reporting of 14C data Other_Citation_Details: Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion: Reporting of 14C data: Radiocarbon, v. 19, p. 355-363. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003672 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Stuiver Originator: P.J. Reimer Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program Other_Citation_Details: Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P.J., 1993: Radiocarbon, v. 35, p. 215-230. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200013904 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: B.L. Ingram Originator: J.R. Southon Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Reservoir ages in eastern Pacific coastal and estuarine waters Other_Citation_Details: Ingram, B.L., and Southon, J.R., 1996, Reservoir ages in eastern Pacific coastal and estuarine water: Radiocarbon, v. 38, p. 573-582. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200030101 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T.J. Heaton Originator: P. Kohler Originator: M. Butzin Originator: E. Bard Originator: R.W. Reimer Originator: W.E.N. Austin Originator: C. Bronk Ramsey Originator: P.M. Grootes Originator: K.A. Hughen Originator: B. Kromer Originator: P.J. Reimer Originator: J. Adkins Originator: A. Burke Originator: M.S. Cook Originator: J. Olsen Originator: L.C. Skinner Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Marine20-The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP) Other_Citation_Details: Heaton, T.J., Kohler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R.W., Austin, W.E.N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P.M., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P.J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M.S., Olsen J., and Skinner, L.C., 2020, Marine20-The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP): Radiocarbon, v. 62, p. 779-820. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.T. Watt Originator: M.L. McGann Originator: R.K. Takesue Originator: T.D. Lorenson Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Marine paleoseismic evidence for seismic and aseismic slip along the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system in northern San Pablo Bay Other_Citation_Details: Watt, J.T., McGann, M.L., Takesue, R.K., and Lorenson, T.D., 2022, Marine paleoseismic evidence for seismic and aseismic slip along the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system in northern San Pablo Bay. Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems.: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, v. 23, e2021GC010180, 24 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010180 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The age and associated error of the radiocarbon ages are calculated from the fraction modern and its error and the ages are reported according to conventions that the radiocarbon community has adopted. The Conventional Radiocarbon Age is always reported rounded (the NOSAMS convention is reported at https://www2.whoi.edu/site/nosams/calculations-and-reporting-of-results). The fraction modern values and the ages are listed in this data release, so there can be no misinterpretations of these data. The age for the calibration (not rounded) can be calculated using -8033 multiplied by the log normal of the fraction modern. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data were checked for logical consistency by the NOSAMS staff before release, and by the USGS staff compiling this data release, to confirm that numerical values were not outside a reasonable range for a particular field. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal position was estimated based on distances from the modern tidal channel listed on a figure provided to the first author in October 2003. The horizontal accuracy cannot be determined. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: A metal core barrel, approximately 9 cm in diameter, was driven into the mudflat slightly northwest of Hooks Point on informally named "Hooks Island" in South San Francisco Bay near Palo Alto, California in 2002 to recover a sediment core. The precise coring location is not available. The core was brought to the the USGS facility in Menlo Park, California and housed in a core refrigerator. Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: Samples of benthic foraminifera or molluscan shell fragments for radiocarbon dating were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) Facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The radiocarbon ages were obtained by a ratio of 14C to 12C using a 14C half-life of 5568 years (Stuiver and Polach, 1977) and then were converted to calibrated calendar ages (cal years AD) using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; website accessed in 2022 and 2023) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). The calibrated ages are reported as the median probability ages at the 95 percent confidence level (2 sigma range). A regional reservoir-age correction (delta R), as defined by Ingram and Southon (1996), of 22 plus or minus 1 years was used for both the benthic foraminiferal and molluscan shell fragment samples based on the delta R used by Watt and others (2022) in nearby San Pablo Bay. Process_Date: 2023 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698214 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: A comma-separated values file with the first line being a header line. Entity_Type_Definition: Results of radiocarbon measurements of fine sediment. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_Collected Attribute_Definition: Date in year. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2002 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2002 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude of the site at which the push core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 37.4583 Range_Domain_Maximum: 37.4583 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude of the site at which the push core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -122.0961 Range_Domain_Maximum: -122.0961 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_Upper_Depth_Limit_cm Attribute_Definition: The upper depth at which the sediment sample was obtained below the sediment surface in a core. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 80 Range_Domain_Maximum: 170 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_Lower_Depth_Limit_cm Attribute_Definition: The lower depth at which the sediment sample was obtained below the sediment surface in a core. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 82 Range_Domain_Maximum: 172 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Material_Radiocarbon_Dated Attribute_Definition: Biological specimen type sent off for radiocarbon measurement. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Presence or absence of biological type Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Biological type used for radiocarbon dating Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Radiocarbon_Sample_Weight Attribute_Definition: Weight of biological material sent off for radiocarbon measurement. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.07 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.91 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NOSAMS_Accession_Number Attribute_Definition: Lab specific ID from the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unique ID given to sample in the NOSAMS lab Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fraction_Modern Attribute_Definition: Fraction modern is a measurement of the deviation of the ratio of delta-Carbon-14 to delta-Carbon-12 of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.8230 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.9287 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fraction_Modern_Error Attribute_Definition: Fraction modern error is a measurement of the deviation of the ratio of delta-Carbon-14 to delta-Carbon-12 of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0016 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.0019 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Conventional_Radiocarbon_Age_years Attribute_Definition: Conventional Radiocarbon Age calculated using the radiocarbon decay equation (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 595 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1560 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Conventional_Radiocarbon_Age_Error Attribute_Definition: Standard error for Conventional Radiocarbon Age. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_C13_per_mil Attribute_Definition: delta-C-13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon-13 to Carbon-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.59 Range_Domain_Maximum: -2.20 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_C14_per_mil Attribute_Definition: The relative difference between the absolute international standard (base year 1950) and sample activity corrected for age and delta-Carbon-13. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -182.12 Range_Domain_Maximum: -77.16 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_R_years Attribute_Definition: The relative difference between the regional radiocarbon content of the ocean water and the global ocean waters (known as the regional reservoir-age correction, as defined by Ingram and Southon, 1996) in years. A regional reservoir-age correction of 22 years was used for the benthic foraminifera and molluscan shell fragments (modified from Watt and others 2021). Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Ingram and Southon (1996). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 22 Range_Domain_Maximum: 22 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta_R_error_years Attribute_Definition: The error of the relative difference between the regional radiocarbon content of the ocean water and the global ocean waters in years. A regional reservoir-age correction error of plus or minus 1 year was used for the benthic foraminifera and molluscan shell fragments (modified from Watt and others 2021). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Minimum_Calibrated_Age_years_95_percent_conf_level Attribute_Definition: The Minimum Calibrated Age in years AD. Reported at the 95 percent confidence level (2-sigma range). Determined using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). -999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 895 Range_Domain_Maximum: 895 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Maximum_Calibrated_Age_years_95_percent_conf_level Attribute_Definition: The Maximum Calibrated Age in years AD. Reported at the 95 percent confidence level (2-sigma range). Determined using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). -999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1164 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1164 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Median_Calibrated_Age_years_95_percent_conf_level Attribute_Definition: The Median Calibrated Age in years AD. Reported at the 95 percent confidence level (2-sigma range). Determined using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). -999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1027 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1027 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calibrated_Age_Corrected_Error_years Attribute_Definition: The error in the Median Calibrated Age in years AD. Reported at the 95 percent confidence level (2-sigma range). Determined using the CALIB 8.2 program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). -999 indicates the parameter was not determined. Attribute_Definition_Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the comma-separated values file is a header line. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in a comma-delimited text file (SFC_radiocarbon_data.csv) which contains results from radiocarbon measurements from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel 16.72 for Mac Format_Information_Content: .csv file File_Decompression_Technique: none Transfer_Size: 0.00122 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/644845a1d34ee8d4aded3d35 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQT6KZ Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. This first link begins a direct download of the data and metadata. The second link points to the landing page for the data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any text editor software. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230828 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998