Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Publication_Date: 20240910 Title: Projected coastal flooding inundation depths for +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in American Samoa Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kristen C. Alkins Originator: Camila L. Gaido Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Description: Abstract: This data release provides flood depth GeoTIFFs based on sea-level rise (SLR) for the coast of the most populated American Samoa s most populated islands of Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u. Digital elevation models were used to extract SLR flooded areas at 10-m2 resolution along the coastlines for +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m SLR scenarios. Purpose: These flood extent files were created to evaluate coastal flooding in the most populated American Samoan Islands of Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u due to climate change influenced SLR. The data are intended to provide a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when climate change influenced SLR increase coastal storm-induced flooding to help identify areas where management and/or restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, the coastal communities in American Samoa. The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software for research purposes. The methods follow a sequence of steps derived from Storlazzi and others (2019, 2021) and Reguero and others (2021) that integrate physics-based oceanographic and coastal engineering modeling, along with ecologic and geospatial data and tools, to quantify the role of climate change influenced SLR in increasing coastal flooding hazards. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20240315 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.846546803 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -169.416950927 North_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.153287314 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.37292361 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Predictions Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Coastal Processes Theme_Keyword: Geospatial Datasets Theme_Keyword: Spatial Analysis Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: Mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: Effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: Earth sciences Theme_Keyword: Environmental Justice Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: Flooding Theme_Keyword: Sea level change Theme_Keyword: Waves Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Environmental Equity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:661ddc6cd34e7eb9eb7e3c20 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Territory of American Samoa Place_Keyword: Ofu Island Place_Keyword: Olosega Island Place_Keyword: Tau Island Place_Keyword: Tutuila Island Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and University of California, Santa Cruz as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 10.0 (Build 19045); Esri ArcGIS 13.2.0.49743. Results were output as GeoTIFFs. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Aaron D. Cole Originator: Eric Lowe Originator: James B. Shope Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Barry A. Nickel Originator: Robert T. McCall Originator: Ap R. van Dongeren Originator: Mike W. Beck Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Rigorously Valuing the Role of U.S. Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction Other_Citation_Details: Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Cole, A.D., Lowe, E., Shope, J.B., Gibbs, A.E., Nickel, B.A., McCall, R.T., van Dongeren, A.R., and Beck, M.W., 2019, Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019 1027, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191027 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191027 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Camila L. Gaido Originator: Kristen C. Alkins Originator: Chris Lowrie Originator: Kees M. Nederhoff Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Andrea C. O'Neill Originator: Mike W. Beck Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Forecasting Storm-Induced Coastal Flooding for 21st Century Sea-Level Rise Scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands Other_Citation_Details: Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Gaido L., C., Alkins, K.C., Lowrie, C., Nederhoff, K.M., Erikson, L.H., O'Neill, A.C., and Beck, M.W., 2024, Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1184, 21 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1184 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: T. Shay Viehman Originator: Kristen A. Cumming Originator: Aaron D. Cole Originator: James B. Shope Originator: Sarah H. Groves Originator: Camila Gaido L. Originator: Barry A. Nickel Originator: Mike W. Beck Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico Other_Citation_Details: Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Viehman, T.S., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Groves, S.H., Gaido L., C., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coastal hazard risks in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021 1056, 29 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191027 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: James B. Shope Originator: Aaron D. Cole Originator: Kristen A. Cumming Originator: Mike W. Beck Publication_Date: 2021 Title: The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction Other_Citation_Details: Reguero, B.G., Storlazzi, C.D., Gibbs, A.E., Shope J.B., Cole, A.D., Cumming, K.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021 Author Correction: The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction. Nat Sustain 4, 457. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00724-4Data_Quality_Information Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values are values automatically generated during creation of dataset. Logical_Consistency_Report: No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Elevation values are as precise as resolution and tolerances listed in associated topobathymetric DEMs. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Pago Pago, American Samoa 3 arc-second MHW Coastal Digital Elevation Model. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center Online_Linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:647/html Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19620101 Ending_Date: 20080101 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Contribution: DEM used to extract each of the levels of sea level rise. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kristen C. Alkins Originator: Camila Gaido L. Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Projected coastal flooding extents for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in American Samoa Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Shapefile Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: US Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19620101 Ending_Date: 20080101 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: storm extents Source_Contribution: Shapefiles, from this same data release, used to extract each of the levels of sea level rise. Process_Step: Process_Description: Extract SLR flood scenarios (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m) for the coast of American Samoa's most populated islands of Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u from DEMs, by first extracting values from 0 to SLR elevations. Then these layers were changed to flood depths by subtracting extracted values layer from SLR height, creating flood depths GeoTIFFs. The corresponding SLR storm flood extents for 1-year storms were then used to clip the extents of the SLR only flood extents to ensure that any clipping of the original storm flood layers was honored in the SLR flood extents. These new clipped GeoTIFFs were then exported out as polygons. These new polygons were then visually inspected to remove any polygons that could not be the result of SLR flood inundation. Once this inspection was complete, these edited SLR flood extents were then used to clip the SLR flood depths GeoTIFFs for a final time. Final GeoTIFFs were separated by island and zipped (SLR_[island]_depths.zip) for file-size considerations. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: storm extents Process_Date: 20240315 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean High Water Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SLR_[Island]_[SLR height]. Entity_Type_Definition: GeoTIFFs consisting of the flood depths for the SLR scenario for each island. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: water depth Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: GeoTIFFs contained in this part of the data release include projected flood extents in the following format SLR_ASamoa[Island]_[SLR scenario].tif, where [SLR scenario] = one of the six SLR scenarios modeled (025cm, 050cm, 100cm, 150cm, 200cm, 300cm). Files are grouped by island, containing all SLR scenarios. For example, SLRASamoa_Tau_depths.zip contains all outputs for Ta'u within which SLRTau_300.tif illustrates the flood depths for a SLR of 300 cm (3 m). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available as GeoTIFFs by island for which [SLR_[island]_depths.zip is the filename, where island could be Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, or Ta'u. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 13.2.0.49743 Format_Specification: Features are GeoTIFF format and are projected in UTM Zone 2S coordinates, with horizontal datum WGS84 Format_Information_Content: .zip contains the flood depth rasters for Tutuila, Ofu-Olesega, and Ta u in American Samoa. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.512 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/661ddc6cd34e7eb9eb7e3c20 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/661ddc6cd34e7eb9eb7e3c20 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64821e8ad34eac007b580e14 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIQ7S7 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata for Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u in American Samoa. The second link points to a landing page with links to the metadata and flood-depth data for Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u. The third link points to the landing page for the flood depth and flood extent data for Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Ta'u. The fourth link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with ArcGIS or other spatial analysis software. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240910 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998