Projected coastal flooding inundation depths for +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Mariana Islands

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Projected coastal flooding inundation depths for +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Mariana Islands
Abstract:
This data release provides flood depth GeoTIFFs based on sea-level rise for the coast of the most populated Mariana Islands of Guam and Saipan. Digital elevation models were used to extract sea-level rise flooded areas at 10-m2 resolution along the coastlines for +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level rise scenarios.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Fregoso, Theresa A., and Storlazzi, Curt D., 20240910, Projected coastal flooding inundation depths for +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Mariana Islands: data release DOI:10.5066/P9RIQ7S7, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Alkins, Kristen C., Gaido, Camila L., Reguero, Borja G., Storlazzi, Curt D., and Fregoso, Theresa A., 2024, Projected coastal flooding extents and depths for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands: data release DOI:10.5066/P9RIQ7S7, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: 144.61645626
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: 145.832676405
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 15.290201801
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 13.234237857
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 15-Mar-2024
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean High Water
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    SLR_[Island]_[SLR height].
    GeoTIFFs consisting of the flood depths for the SLR scenario for each island. (Source: Producer defined)
    Value
    water depth (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:3.0
    Units:meters
    Resolution:0.01
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    GeoTIFFs contained in this part of the data release include projected flood extents in the following format SLR_[Island]_[sea-level rise scenario].tif, where [sea-level rise scenario] = one of the 6 sea-level rise scenarios modeled (025cm, 050cm, 100cm, 150cm, 200cm, 300cm). Files are grouped by island, containing all sea-level rise scenarios. For example, SLR_Guam_depths.zip contains all outputs for Guam within which SLRGuam_300.tif illustrates the flood depths for a sea-level rise of 300 cm (3 m).
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Theresa A. Fregoso
    • Curt D. Storlazzi
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These flood extent files were created to evaluate coastal flooding in the most populated Mariana Islands of Guam and Saipan due to climate change and sea-level rise. The data are intended to provide a spatially explicit, rigorous valuation of how, where, and when climate change and sea-level rise increase coastal storm-induced flooding to help identify areas where management and/or restoration could potentially help reduce the risk to, and increase the resiliency of, the coastal communities in populated Mariana Islands. The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software for research purposes. The methods follow a sequence of steps derived from Storlazzi and others (2019, 2021) and Reguero and others (2021) that integrate physics-based oceanographic and coastal engineering modeling, along with ecologic and geospatial data and tools, to quantify the role of climate change and sea-level rise in increasing coastal flooding hazards.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    DEM 1 (source 1 of 3)
    United States Geological Survey, 2015, USGS 10-m Digital Elevation Model (DEM): CNMI: Saipan: Pacific Islands Ocean Observatory System, online.

    Online Links:

    • yes

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital
    Source_Contribution: DEM used to extract each of the levels of sea level rise.
    DEM 2 (source 2 of 3)
    NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information., 2008, Guam 1/3 arc-second MHW Coastal Digital Elevation Model: NOAA, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital
    Source_Contribution: DEM used to extract each of the levels of sea level rise.
    storm extents (source 3 of 3)
    Alkins, Kristen C., L., Camila Gaido, Reguero, Borja G., and Storlazzi, Curt D., 2024, Projected coastal flooding extents for 1-, 20-, and 100-year return interval storms and 0.00, +0.25, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, +2.00, and +3.00 meter sea-level rise scenarios in Mariana Islands: US Geological Survey, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital
    Source_Contribution:
    Shapefiles, from this same data release, used to extract each of the levels of sea level rise.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 15-Mar-2024 (process 1 of 1)
    Extract SLR flood scenarios (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m) for the coast of Mariana Islands of Guam and Saipan from DEMs, by first extracting values from 0 to SLR elevations. Then these layers were changed to flood depths by subtracting extracted values layer from SLR height, creating flood depths GeoTIFFs. The corresponding SLR storm flood extents for 1-year storms were then used to clip the extents of the SLR only flood extents to ensure that any clipping of the original storm flood layers was honored in the SLR flood extents. These new clipped GeoTIFFs were then exported out as polygons. These new polygons were then visually inspected to remove any polygons that could not be the result of SLR flood inundation. Once this inspection was complete, these edited SLR flood extents were then used to clip the SLR flood depths GeoTIFFs for a final time. Final GeoTIFFs were separated by island and zipped (SLR_[island]_depths.zip) for file-size considerations. Data sources used in this process:
    • DEM 1
    • DEM 2
    • storm extents
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Reguero, Borja G., Cole, Aaron D., Lowe, Eric, Shope, James B., Gibbs, Ann E., Nickel, Barry A., McCall, Robert T., Ap R. van Dongeren, and Beck, Mike W., 2019, Rigorously Valuing the Role of U.S. Coral Reefs in Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Cole, A.D., Lowe, E., Shope, J.B., Gibbs, A.E., Nickel, B.A., McCall, R.T., van Dongeren, A.R., and Beck, M.W., 2019, Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019 1027, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191027
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Reguero, Borja G., Gaido, Camila L., Alkins, Kristen C., Lowrie, Chris, Nederhoff, Kees M., Erikson, Li H., O'Neill, Andrea C., and Beck, Mike W., 2024, Forecasting Storm-Induced Coastal Flooding for 21st Century Sea-Level Rise Scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Gaido L., C., Alkins, K.C., Lowrie, C., Nederhoff, K.M., Erikson, L.H., O'Neill, A.C., and Beck, M.W., 2024, Forecasting storm-induced coastal flooding for 21st century sea-level rise scenarios in the Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1184, 21 p.
    Storlazzi, Curt D., Reguero, Borja G., Viehman, T. Shay, Cumming, Kristen A., Cole, Aaron D., Shope, James B., Groves, Sarah H., L., Camila Gaido, Nickel, Barry A., and Beck, Mike W., 2021, Rigorously Valuing the Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Hazard Risk in Florida and Puerto Rico.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Viehman, T.S., Cumming, K.A., Cole, A.D., Shope, J.B., Groves, S.H., Gaido L., C., Nickel, B.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021, Rigorously valuing the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coastal hazard risks in Florida and Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021 1056, 29 p.
    Reguero, Borja G., Storlazzi, Curt D., Gibbs, Ann E., Shope, James B., Cole, Aaron D., Cumming, Kristen A., and Beck, Mike W., 2021, The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Reguero, B.G., Storlazzi, C.D., Gibbs, A.E., Shope J.B., Cole, A.D., Cumming, K.A., and Beck, M.W., 2021 Author Correction: The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction. Nat Sustain 4, 457.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Attribute values are values automatically generated during creation of dataset.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Data are concurrent with topobathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) locations.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Elevation values are as precise as resolution and tolerances listed in associated topobathymetric DEMs.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints No access constraints
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and University of California, Santa Cruz as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available as GeoTIFFs by island for which [SLR_[island]_depths.zip is the filename, where island could be Guam or Saipan.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with ArcGIS or other spatial analysis software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 10-Sep-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9RIQ7S7/Projections_SLRDepths_Guam_CNMI_metadata.faq.html>
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