Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Kees M Nederhoff Originator: Liv M Herdman Originator: Li Erikson Publication_Date: 20210603 Title: Hydrodynamic model of the San Francisco Bay and Delta, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9WWB9V4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WWB9V4 Description: Abstract: A one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the San Francisco Bay and Delta was constructed using the Delft3D Flexible Mesh Suite (Delft3D FM; Kernkamp and others, 2011; https://www.deltares.nl/en/software/delft3d-flexible-mesh-suite/) to simulate still water levels. Required model input files are provided to run the model for the time period from October 1, 2018, to April 30, 2019. This data release describes the construction and validation of the model application and provides input files suitable to run the model on Delft3D FM Suite 2020.04. Model Description: The San Francisco Bay and Delta Still Water Level Model (SFBD-SWL) utilizes the open-source Delft3D Flexible Mesh Suite (Delft3D FM; Kernkamp and others, 2011; https://www.deltares.nl/en/software/delft3d-flexible-mesh-suite/, 2020.04 release, SVN revision 601351) to compute Still Water Levels (SWLs) in San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. SWL captures the effects of meteorological and fluvial forcing on the coastal water levels; however, it excludes the impacts of wave setup and runup on the water level. The model covers the Delta up to the approximate upstream limit of tidal influence and extends seaward to the Pacific Ocean. It must be noted that the main purpose of the model was to simulate SWL in open embayments of the San Francisco Bay. The model utilizes 1D elements used to represent tributaries and rivers flowing into the Bay and Delta. Model schematizations of the Delta (model grid and cross-section profiles) were derived from Delta Simulation Model II (DSM2, California Department of Water Resources, 2013). Topographic and bathymetric datasets from the USGS and California Department of Water Resources were applied across the San Francisco Bay and Delta Hydrodynamic model. In particular, the 2-meter resolution LEAN-corrected topography in the Bay (Buffington and others, 2016) and the seamless 10-meter resolution digital elevation model by Fregoso and others (2017) were applied. Data from the National Land Cover Database Land Cover (CONUS; Homer and others, 2020) were converted to roughness. The unstructured grid consists of more than 185,000 net nodes in the horizontal with a spatial resolution as fine as 100 meters. The 100-meter resolution model network is not fine enough to resolve smaller features such as narrow levees and dams. Therefore, an additional polyline has been included to account for constraining and rerouting effects of local levees and infrastructure. This file provides the location of each subgrid feature and, in combination with the latest topography, describes fine-scale elevations for the hydrodynamic simulations. The model is forced by astronomic tides and remote non-tidal residual (NTR) water levels at the offshore boundaries, fluvial discharges, and wind and atmospheric mean sea level pressure fields at the surface. Offshore Boundaries The model's offshore boundary conditions in the Pacific Ocean are based on 67 measured tidal constituents at San Francisco with spatial variability derived from TPXO 8.0 (Egbert and Erofeeva, 2002). Tidal constituents were calibrated based on the difference between modeled and observed tidal constituents at the NOAA tide stations located throughout the bay. Remote NTR derived from measurements at the San Francisco NOAA tide station (#9414290) are applied uniformly across the ocean boundary. The tidal forcing files are included in the model package, as well as the NTR offshore boundary forcing files for the time period from Oct-2018 to Apr-2019. Discharge Boundaries Fluvial discharges from 16 USGS gauged rivers that flow into the Bay are included in the model (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv/?referred_module=sw). Six fluvial inflows to the Delta are based on Dayflow model outputs (https://data.ca.gov/dataset/dayflow). The discharge forcing files for the time period from Oct-2018 to Apr-2019 are included in the model package. The discharge stations incorporated in the SFBD-SWL are as follows (Name, USGS Station Number): >Coyote Creek, 11172175 >Guadalupe River, 11169025 >Saratoga Creek, 11169500 >San Francisquito Creek, 11164500 >San Mateo Creek, 11162753 >Corte Madera Creek, 11460000 >San Rafael Creek, 11459800 >Novato Creek, 11459500 >Petaluma River, 11459150 >Sonoma Creek, 11458500 >Napa River, 11458000 >Wildcat Creek, 11181400 >San Lorenzo Creek #1, 11181000 >San Lorenzo Creek #2, 11181008 >Alameda Creek #1, 11180500 >Alameda Creek #2, 11179000 Wind and Atmospheric Pressure Meteorological forcing conditions (wind and pressure) provided in this example dataset are based on ERA5 (Hersbach and others, 2020). ERA5 provides hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land, and oceanic climate variables at 30-kilometer resolution. The ERA5 wind and pressure data for the time period from Oct-2018 to Apr-2019 is provided in the model package. Model Validation Measured and simulated water levels for the time period of Oct-2018 to Apr-2019 are provided in SFBD_model_results.zip. Measured water levels (referenced to the vertical datum NAVD88) were obtained from the NOAA tide stations (https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/) within San Francisco Bay. The following list contains the measurement stations and model error statistics during the simulation period of Oct-2018 to Apr-2019 (NOAA Station ID, Station Name, Root Mean Square Error in cm, Mean Absolute Error in cm, Bias in cm). Root-mean-square errors (RMSE) are less than 10 cm for water levels at all observation sites (tide gauges). >9414290, San Francisco, 5.2, 4.0, 0.7 >9414750, Alameda, 6.6, 5.0, 2.4 >9414863, Richmond, 5.4, 4.1, 0.0 >9414523, Redwood City, 7.4, 5.3, -2.0 >9415144, Port Chicago, 7.0, 5.2, -3.0 >9415102, Martinez, 6.5, 5.0, 1.2 Purpose: The purpose of this data release is to provide researchers, engineers, and other potential users the Delft3D Flexible Mesh hydrodynamics model of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. This model was developed through collaborative work between USGS, Deltares USA, and Alameda County Flood Control District. The model can be used to simulate water levels throughout the open embayments within San Francisco Bay. Whereas this data release does not intend to provide comprehensive meteorological, fluvial, and oceanic input data from outside sources, nor does the use of those products imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, those files are provided herein to serve as examples of required file formats. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20181001 Ending_Date: 20190430 Currentness_Reference: time period for which the data were modeled Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.5330200 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.2973022 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.61223644 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.06359516 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Predictions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:604675c6d34eb120311a42cb Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: San Francisco Bay Place_Keyword: State of California Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/604675c6d34eb120311a42cb?name=SFBD_model_study_area.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map of model extent in the San Francisco Bay and Delta Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kernkamp, H.W.J. Originator: Van Dam, A. Originator: Stelling, G.S. Originator: De Goede, E.D. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Efficient scheme for the shallow water equations on unstructured grids with application to the Continental Shelf Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Springer Nature, Switzerland Publisher: Ocean Dynamics Other_Citation_Details: Kernkamp, H.W.J., Van Dam, A., Stelling, G.S., and De Goede, E.D., 2011, Efficient scheme for the shallow water equations on unstructured grids with application to the Continental Shelf: Ocean Dynamics, v. 61, p. 1175-1188 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0423-6 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin J. Buffington Originator: Bruce D. Dugger Originator: Karen M. Thorne Originator: John Y. Takekawa Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Statistical correction of lidar-derived digital elevation models with multispectral airborne imagery in tidal marshes Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Remote Sensing of Environment Other_Citation_Details: Buffington, K.J., Dugger, B.D., Thorne, K.M., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2016, Statistical correction of lidar-derived digital elevation models with multispectral airborne imagery in tidal marshes: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 186, p. 616-625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: California Department of Water Resources Publication_Date: 2013 Title: DSM2: Delta Simulation Model II Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: web page with download links Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sacramento, California Publisher: California Department of Water Resources Other_Citation_Details: California Department of Water Resources, 2013, DSM2: Delta Simulation Model II: https://water.ca.gov/Library/Modeling-and-Analysis/Bay-Delta-Region-models-and-tools/Delta-Simulation-Model-II, accessed September 14, 2019. Online_Linkage: https://water.ca.gov/Library/Modeling-and-Analysis/Bay-Delta-Region-models-and-tools/Delta-Simulation-Model-II Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gary D. Egbert Originator: Svetlana Y. Erofeeva. Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boston, Massachusetts Publisher: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Other_Citation_Details: Egbert, G.D., and Erofeeva, S.Y., 2002, Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 19, p. 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Originator: Rueen-Fang Wang Originator: Eli Ateljevich Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe Publication_Date: 2017 Title: A new seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model of the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: USGS Open-File Report Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Fregoso, T., Wang, R.-F., Ateljevich, E., and Jaffe, B.E., 2017, A new seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model of the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1067, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171067. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171067 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hans Hersbach Originator: Bill Bell Originator: Paul Berrisford Originator: Shoji Hirahara Originator: András Horányi Originator: Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater Originator: Julien Nicolas Originator: Carole Peubey Originator: Raluca Radu Originator: Dinand Schepers Originator: Adrian Simmons Originator: Cornel Soci Originator: Saleh Abdalla Originator: Xavier Abellan Originator: Gianpaolo Balsamo Originator: Peter Bechtold Originator: Gionata Biavati Originator: Jean Bidlot Originator: Massimo Bonavita Originator: Giovanna De Chiara Originator: Per Dahlgren Originator: Dick Dee Originator: Michail Diamantakis Originator: Rossana Dragani Originator: Johannes Flemming Originator: Richard Forbes Originator: Manuel Fuentes Originator: Alan Geer Originator: Leo Haimberger Originator: Sean Healy Originator: Robin J. Hogan Originator: Elías Hólm Originator: Marta Janisková Originator: Sarah Keeley Originator: Patrick Laloyaux Originator: Philippe Lopez Originator: Cristina Lupu Originator: Gabor Radnoti Originator: Patricia de Rosnay Originator: Iryna Rozum Originator: Freja Vamborg Originator: Sebastien Villaume Originator: Jean-Noël Thépaut Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The ERA5 global reanalysis Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey Publisher: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Other_Citation_Details: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.N., 2020, The ERA5 global reanalysis: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 146, p. 1999-2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Collin Homer Originator: Jon Dewitz Originator: Suming Jin Originator: George Xian Originator: Catherine Costello Originator: Patrick Danielson Originator: Leila Gass Originator: Michelle Funk Originator: James Wickham Originator: Stephen Stehman Originator: Roger Auch Originator: Kurt Riitters Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Conterminous United States land cover change patterns 2001–2016 from the 2016 national land cover database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Other_Citation_Details: Homer, C., Dewitz, J., Jin, S., Xian, G., Costello, C., Danielson, P., Gass, L., Funk, M., Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Auch, R., and Riitters, K., 2020, Conterminous United States land cover change patterns 2001–2016 from the 2016 National Land Cover Database: Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 162, p. 184–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Liv Herdman Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Robert Cifelli Originator: Greg Pratt Originator: Michael Leon Originator: Patrick Barnard Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Effect of Fluvial Discharges and Remote Non-Tidal Residuals on Compound Flood Forecasting in San Francisco Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Basel, Switzerland Publisher: Water Other_Citation_Details: Tehranirad, B., Herdman, L., Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L., Cifelli, R., Pratt, G., Leon, M., and Barnard, P., 2020, Effect of fluvial discharges and remote non-tidal residuals on compound flood forecasting in San Francisco Bay: Water, v. 12, p. 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Model outputs were compared to observed water levels in San Francisco Bay to assess the accuracy of simulated results as described in the process steps below. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data fall within expected ranges. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Users should read the Abstract section of the metadata carefully to understand model inputs, boundary conditions, and parameters of the model. Simulated water levels and discharges were compared against time-series measurements of observed water levels from locations throughout the study area. Total root-mean-square error (RMSE) was less than 10 cm for water levels at all of the measurement sites. Process_Date: 20210215 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits made to Abstract section of metadata to parallel text used in upcoming manuscript. Additional citation for new text added to Cross_Reference section. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20210629 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 84 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 115 Ordinate_Resolution: 75 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: SFBD_model_input_files.zip archive contains files of various types and formats. SFBD_model_results.zip contains one file (SFBD_his.nc). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See Deltares (2020) for descriptions of the formats and entity information for files contained in the .zip archives. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: U.S. Geological Survey - Science Base Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Model files compatible with windows executable of Delft3D Flexible Mesh version 2021.04 are provided in the zip archive "SFBD_model_input_files.zip". Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The SFBD-SWL model has been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the model and accompanying software has been subjected to rigorous review, the USGS reserves the right to update the model as needed pursuant to further analysis and review. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the functionality of the software and related material nor shall the fact of release constitute any such warranty. Furthermore, the model is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: various Format_Version_Number: Delft3D Flexible Mesh 2021.01 Format_Specification: Zip file Format_Information_Content: compatible with windows executable of Delft3D Flexible Mesh version 2021.01 File_Decompression_Technique: zip Transfer_Size: 115.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/604675c6d34eb120311a42cb?name=SFBD_model_input_files.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WWB9V4 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zip archive of model input data. The second link points to a landing page for the entire data release. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: netCDF Format_Version_Number: Delft3D Flexible Mesh 2021.01 Format_Information_Content: Zip archive with time-series model outputs at selected sites used for validation File_Decompression_Technique: zip Transfer_Size: 18.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/604675c6d34eb120311a42cb?name=SFBD_model_results.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WWB9V4 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zip archive of validation results. The second link points to a landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210629 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998