Sediment grain-size distributions of three carbonate sand layers in Anahola Valley, Kaua'i, Hawai'i

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• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
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What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   SeanPaul M. La Selle, Richmond, Bruce M., Griswold, Frances R., Lunghino, Brent D., Jaffe, Bruce E., Kane, Haunani H., Bellanova, Piero, Arcos, Maria E.M., Nelson, Alan R., Chague, Catherine, Bishop, James M., and Gelfenbaum, Guy R., 2019, Sediment grain-size distributions of three carbonate sand layers in Anahola Valley, Kaua'i, Hawai'i: data release DOI:10.5066/P9X4STJM, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X4STJM
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b6b7580e4b006a11f794fcb

   This is part of the following larger work.
   SeanPaul M. La Selle, Richmond, Bruce M., Griswold, Frances R., Lunghino, Brent D., Jaffe, Bruce E., Kane, Haunani H., Bellanova, Piero, Arcos, Maria E.M., Nelson, Alan R., Chague, Catherine, Bishop, James M., and Gelfenbaum, Guy R., 2019, Core logs, scans, photographs, grain-size, and radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i: data release DOI:10.5066/P9X4STJM, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • Online_Linkage https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X4STJM

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.30858
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.30848
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.147924
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.147492
   

3. What does it look like?

   https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b6b7580e4b006a11f794fcb?name=2015-671-FA_grainsize_Anahola_Kauai.png&allowOpen=true (PNG)

   Image showing grain-size distributions of sand layers

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 07-Nov-2015

   Ending_Date: 21-Nov-2015

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition at time the samples were collected

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (2)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Longitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   2015-671-FA_grainsize_Anahola_Kauai.csv

   Comma-separated text file containing grainsize data (Source: Producer defined)

   FACS/FAN I.D.

   Field Activity Number (Source: producer defined) Unique identifier for the U.S. Geological Survey field activity

   Sample ID

   Name of sample identifier in “LocalityYear-CoreID-Depth” format, where “LocalityYear” is the first three letters of the field locality (for example ANA = Anahola) followed by the 2-digit year (for example 15=2015), “CoreID” is the unique name given to a core (for example RC BR27 is Russian Core BR27), and “Depth” is the depth interval in the core from which the sample was collected in centimeters. (Source: producer defined) Unique identifier for the sample used given in the field

   Lab ID

   Name of sample identifier in YY-FFFFF-XX format, where YY is the 2-digit year (for example 16=2016, 99=1999), FFFFF is the 5-digit field-activity-number (FAN) ID code, and XX is a sequential number given to the sample in the lab. (Source: Producer defined) Unique identifier for the sample given during analysis in the lab

   Date Collected

   Date of sample collection in mm/dd/yy format (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	11/07/15
   Maximum:	11/21/15
   Units:	Dates in mm/dd/yy format

   Site

   Name of site from which sediment sample was collected in LocalityYear-CoreID format, where LocalityYear is the first three letters of the field locality (ANA = Anahola) followed by the 2-digit year (15=2015), and CoreID is the unique name given to a core. (Source: producer defined) Unique identifier for the site given in the field

   Top of interval in centimeters

   Upper depth of interval from which sediment was subsampled. Depth is in centimeters from the surface. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	24.5
   Maximum:	113.5
   Units:	centimeters

   Bottom of interval in centimeters

   Lower depth of interval from which sediment was subsampled. Depth is in centimeters from the surface. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	25.0
   Maximum:	114
   Units:	centimeters

   Stratigraphic unit

   Stratigraphic unit or provenance from which sample was collected (Source: producer defined)

   Value	Definition
   A1	A1 is the shallowest sand layer (24.5-29.5 cm depth) relative to A2 and A3.
   A2	A2 is the intermediate sand layer (32-35 cm depth) relative to A1 and A3.
   A3	A3 is the deepest sand layer (96-114 cm depth) relative to A1 and A2.

   Latitude

   Latitude of sample in decimal degrees, north (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	22.147492
   Maximum:	22.147924
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Longitude

   Longitude of sample in decimal degrees, east (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-159.308578
   Maximum:	-159.308478
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Sample Type

   Type of sample collected (Source: Producer defined)

   Value	Definition
   Russian core	Core subsampled with a hand-operated ‘Russian’ corer

   Wt. percent in -4.00 phi bin or 16 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -4.00 phi, or 16 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -3.75 phi bin or 13.5 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -4.00 and -3.75 phi, or 13.5 and 16 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -3.50 phi bin or 11.2 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.75 and -3.50 phi, or 11.2 and 13.5 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -3.25 phi bin or 9.51 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.50 and -3.25 phi, or 9.51 and 11.2 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -3.00 phi bin or 8 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.25 and -3.00 phi, or 8 and 9.51 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -2.75 phi bin or 6.73 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -3.00 and -2.75 phi, or 6.73 and 8 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -2.50 phi bin or 5.66 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.75 and -2.50 phi, or 5.66 and 6.73 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -2.25 phi bin or 4.76 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.50 and -2.25 phi, or 4.76 and 5.66 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -2.25 phi bin or 4.76 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.50 and -2.25 phi, or 4.76 and 5.66 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -2.00 phi bin or 4 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.25 and -2.00 phi, or 4 and 4.76 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -1.75 phi bin or 3.36 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -2.00 and -1.75 phi, or 3.36 and 4 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -1.50 phi bin or 2.83 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.75 and -1.50 phi, or 2.83 and 3.36 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -1.25 phi bin or 2.38 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.50 and -1.25 phi, or 2.38 and 2.83 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -1.00 phi bin or 2 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.25 and -1.00 phi, or 2 and 2.38 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -0.75 phi bin or 1.68 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -1.00 and -0.75 phi, or 1.68 and 2 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -0.50 phi bin or 1.41 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.75 and -0.50 phi, or 1.41 and 1.68 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in -0.25 phi bin or 1.19 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.50 and -0.25 phi, or 1.19 and 1.41 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 0.00 phi bin or 1 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between -0.25 and 0.00 phi, or 1 and 1.19 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 0.25 phi bin or 0.8409 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.00 and 0.25 phi, or 0.8409 and 1 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 0.50 phi bin or 0.7071 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.25 and 0.50 phi, or 0.7071 and 0.8409 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 0.75 phi bin or 0.5946 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.50 and 0.75 phi, or 0.5946 and 0.7071 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 1.00 phi bin or 0.5 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 0.75 and 1.00 phi, or 0.5 and 0.5946 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 1.25 phi bin or 0.4204 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.00 and 1.25 phi, or 0.4204 and 0.5 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 1.50 phi bin or 0.3536 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.25 and 1.50 phi, or 0.3536 and 0.4204 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 1.75 phi bin or 0.2973 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.50 and 1.75 phi, or 0.2973 and 0.3536 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 2.00 phi bin or 0.25 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 1.75 and 2.00 phi, or 0.25 and 0.2973 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 2.25 phi bin or 0.2102 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.00 and 2.25 phi, or 0.2102 and 0.25 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 2.50 phi bin or 0.1768 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.25 and 2.50 phi, or 0.1768 and 0.2102 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 2.75 phi bin or 0.1487 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.50 and 2.75 phi, or 0.1487 and 0.1768 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 3.00 phi bin or 0.125 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 2.75 and 3.00 phi, or 0.125 and 0.1487 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 3.25 phi bin or 0.1051 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.00 and 3.25 phi, or 0.1051 and 0.125 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 3.50 phi bin or 0.08839 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.25 and 3.50 phi, or 0.08839 and 0.1051 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 3.75 phi bin or 0.07433 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.50 and 3.75 phi, or 0.07433 and 0.08839 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 3.75 phi bin or 0.07433 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.50 and 3.75 phi, or 0.07433 and 0.08839 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 4.00 phi bin or 0.0625 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 3.75 and 4.00 phi, or 0.0625 and 0.07433 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 4.25 phi bin or 0.052556 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.00 and 4.25 phi, or 0.052556 and 0.0625 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 4.50 phi bin or 0.044194 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.25 and 4.50 phi, or 0.044194 and 0.052556 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 4.75 phi bin or 0.037163 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.50 and 4.75 phi, or 0.037163 and 0.044194 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 5.00 phi bin or 0.03125 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 4.75 and 5.00 phi, or 0.03125 and 0.037163 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 5.25 phi bin or 0.02628 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.00 and 5.25 phi, or 0.02628 and 0.03125 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 5.50 phi bin or 0.0221 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.25 and 5.50 phi, or 0.0221 and 0.02628 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 5.75 phi bin or 0.01858 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.50 and 5.75 phi, or 0.01858 and 0.0221 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 6.00 phi bin or 0.01563 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 5.75 and 6.00 phi, or 0.01563 and 0.01858 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 6.25 phi bin or 0.01314 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.00 and 6.25 phi, or 0.01314 and 0.01563 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 6.50 phi bin or 0.01105 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.25 and 6.50 phi, or 0.01105 and 0.01314 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 6.75 phi bin or 0.00929 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.50 and 6.75 phi, or 0.00929 and 0.01105 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 7.00 phi bin or 0.00781 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 6.75 and 7.00 phi, or 0.00781 and 0.00929 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 7.25 phi bin or 0.00657 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.00 and 7.25 phi, or 0.00657 and 0.00781 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 7.50 phi bin or 0.00552 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.25 and 7.50 phi, or 0.00552 and 0.00657 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 7.75 phi bin or 0.00465 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.50 and 7.75 phi, or 0.00465 and 0.00552 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 8.00 phi bin or 0.00391 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 7.75 and 8.00 phi, or 0.00391 and 0.00465 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 8.25 phi bin or 0.00329 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.00 and 8.25 phi, or 0.00329 and 0.00391 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 8.50 phi bin or 0.00276 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.25 and 8.50 phi, or 0.00276 and 0.00329 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 8.75 phi bin or 0.00232 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.50 and 8.75 phi, or 0.00232 and 0.00276 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 9.00 phi bin or 0.00195 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 8.75 and 9.00 phi, or 0.00195 and 0.00232 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 9.25 phi bin or 0.00164 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.00 and 9.25 phi, or 0.00164 and 0.00195 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 9.50 phi bin or 0.00138 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.25 and 9.50 phi, or 0.00138 and 0.00164 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 9.75 phi bin or 0.00116 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.50 and 9.75 phi, or 0.00116 and 0.00138 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 9.99 phi bin or 0.00098 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.75 and 9.99 phi, or 0.00098 and 0.00116 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 10.25 phi bin or 0.00082 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 9.99 and 10.25 phi, or 0.00082 and 0.00098 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 10.50 phi bin or 0.00069 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.25 and 10.50 phi, or 0.00069 and 0.00082 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 10.75 phi bin or 0.00058 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.50 and 10.75 phi, or 0.00058 and 0.00069 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 10.99 phi bin or 0.00049 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.75 and 10.99 phi, or 0.00049 and 0.00058 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 11.25 phi bin or 0.0004 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 10.99 and 11.25 phi, or 0.0004 and 0.00049 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 11.48 phi bin or 0.00035 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 11.25 and 11.48 phi, or 0.00035 and 0.0004 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 12.02 phi bin or 0.000241 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 11.48 and 12.02 phi, or 0.000241 and 0.00035 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Wt. percent in 13.02 phi bin or 0.00012 mm bin

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter between 12.02 and 13.02 phi, or 0.00012 and 0.000241 mm. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent Gravel

   percent of sample greater than 2 mm. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent Sand

   percent of sample less than 2 mm and greater than 63 microns. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent Silt

   percent of sample less than 63 microns and greater than 4 microns. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent Clay

   percent of sample less than 4 microns. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Percent Mud

   percent of sample less than 63 microns. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percentage

   Gravel to Sand Ratio

   ratio of percent gravel in sample to percent sand. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	6.39
   Units:	no unit

   Sand to Silt Ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent silt. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses and silt was not measured, or 0% silt was measured and the Sand to Silt Ratio is not possible to determine (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.22
   Maximum:	43.10
   Units:	no unit

   Silt to Clay Ratio

   ratio of percent silt in sample to percent clay. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses and silt and clay was not measured (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3.02
   Units:	no unit

   Sand to Clay Ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent clay. NA=sample did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses and clay was not measured (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.46
   Maximum:	51.60
   Units:	no unit

   Sand to Mud Ratio

   ratio of percent sand in sample to percent mud. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.15
   Maximum:	51.60
   Units:	no unit

   Gravel to Mud Ratio

   ratio of percent gravel in sample to percent mud. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.54
   Units:	no unit

   D5 Phi

   Phi size at D5 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.60
   Maximum:	10.31
   Units:	Phi size

   D10 Phi

   Phi size at D10 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.74
   Maximum:	9.74
   Units:	Phi size

   D16 Phi

   Phi size at D16 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.65
   Maximum:	24.39
   Units:	Phi size

   D25 Phi

   Phi size at D25 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.42
   Maximum:	8.24
   Units:	Phi size

   D50 Phi

   Phi size at D50 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.96
   Maximum:	6.50
   Units:	Phi size

   D75 Phi

   Phi size at D75 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.49
   Maximum:	4.69
   Units:	Phi size

   D84 Phi

   Phi size at D84 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.16
   Maximum:	4.14
   Units:	Phi size

   D90 Phi

   Phi size at D90 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.84
   Maximum:	3.86
   Units:	Phi size

   D95 Phi

   Phi size at D95 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-1.35
   Maximum:	1429.04
   Units:	Phi size

   D5 mm

   mm size at D5 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.17
   Units:	millimeters

   D10 mm

   mm size at D10 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.15
   Units:	millimeters

   D16 mm

   mm size at D16 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.16
   Units:	millimeters

   D25 mm

   mm size at D25 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.19
   Units:	millimeters

   D50 mm

   mm size at D50 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.01
   Maximum:	0.26
   Units:	millimeters

   D75 mm

   mm size at D75 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.04
   Maximum:	0.36
   Units:	millimeters

   D84 mm

   mm size at D84 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.06
   Maximum:	0.45
   Units:	millimeters

   D90 mm

   mm size at D90 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.07
   Maximum:	0.56
   Units:	millimeters

   D95 mm

   mm size at D95 for sample. NA=sample did not contain enough sands to perform settling tube analyses (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	0.54
   Units:	millimeters

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • SeanPaul M. La Selle
   • Bruce M. Richmond
   • Frances R. Griswold
   • Brent D. Lunghino
   • Bruce E. Jaffe
   • Haunani H. Kane
   • Piero Bellanova
   • Maria E.M. Arcos
   • Alan R. Nelson
   • Catherine Chague
   • James M. Bishop
   • Guy R. Gelfenbaum
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Piero Bellanova and Frances Griswold

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Data were obtained to analyze vertical grain size trends, and to compare modern and paleo tsunami deposits. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 21-Nov-2015 (process 1 of 3)

   Cores were collected between November 07, 2015 and November 21, 2015. A handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver was used to determine the locations of sediment samples. Sediments were subsampled from cores by hand in the laboratory at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 cm vertical intervals.

   Date: 07-Apr-2016 (process 2 of 3)

   The grain-size distributions of samples were determined in the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment lab. Approximately 20 g of sediment was sub-sampled and 10 mL of 35 percent hydrogen peroxide was added to remove organic material in the sample. The sample was heated at 250 degrees C to remove any remaining hydrogen peroxide and was placed in an ultrasonic bath to liberate the fine fraction. Subsequently, the sample was centrifuged for 1.5 hours to remove soluble salts. Samples were funneled through 2 mm and 63 um sieves to separate the gravel (greater than 2 mm), sand (63 um to 2 mm), and mud (less than 63 um). The sand and gravel fractions were dried in an 80-degree C oven and weighed. Five mL of sodium hexametaphosphate was added to the mud fraction and a 20 mL aliquot was taken from a 1 L graduated cylinder to determine the weight of the mud. The sand fraction was run through a 2m settling tube. Measured settling velocities were converted to sizes of equivalent quartz spheres in quarter-phi size intervals. The particle-size distribution of the mud fraction was analyzed separately using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320, and the gravel, sand, and mud results were integrated into a single grain-size distribution for each sample. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

   Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)

   Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   508-457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Folk, Robert Louis, and Ward, William C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters: Journal article Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 27, n. 1, p. 3-26, SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, Boulder, CO.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Inman, Douglas Lamar, 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments: Journal article Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 22, n. 3, p. 125-145, SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, Boulder, CO.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/D42694DB-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Trask, Parker D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge: Journal article Economic Geology, v. 26, n. 6, p. 581-599, Society of Economic Geologists (SEG), Littleton, CO.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.25.6.581

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   The locations of samples were determined using a Garmin etrex 30x handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver capable of receiving wide area augmentation system (WAAS) signals. The manufacturer reported accuracy for horizontal positions is 3-5 m while receiving WAAS signals.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor were they applicable for this dataset.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Samples from the upper 0.5 cm of Sand A1, the bottom 1.0 cm of Sand A2, and the muds in between these sands, from 28-33 cm depth, did not contain enough sediment to perform settling tube analyses. The grain-size distributions for these layers were not measured in the settling tube, but the percents of gravel, sand, and mud were determined from sieving and are included in the data. The remaining dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

   Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

   Denver, CO
   

   1-888-275-8747 (voice)

   sciencebase@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Grain-size analyses data are presented as a comma-delimited text file (.csv), along with associated metadata.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	comma-delimited text file in format comma-delimited text (version Microsoft Excel for Mac 16.9 (180116)) CSV Size: 0.67
     Network links:	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b6b7580e4b006a11f794fcb?name=2015-671-FA_grainsize_Anahola_Kauai.csv https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b6b7580e4b006a11f794fcb https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X4STJM

   • Cost to order the data: None.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 19-Oct-2020

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

United States

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)