Census counts of benthic foraminifera, environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration), and radiocarbon measurements from cores obtained under and near a whale-fall off western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

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• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
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  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
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What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   McGann, Mary, and Paull, Charles K., 20210929, Census counts of benthic foraminifera, environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration), and radiocarbon measurements from cores obtained under and near a whale-fall off western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: data release DOI: 10.5066/P9XB8QUV, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XB8QUV
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6127f62dd34e40dd9c051c99

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -126.839924
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -126.839837
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.675598
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.675433
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 08-Aug-2009

   Ending_Date: 08-Aug-2009

   Currentness_Reference:

   Ground condition at time data were collected.

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (35)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.978698214.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   A comma-separated values file with the first line being a header line.

   Results of benthic foraminiferal census counts and radiocarbon measurements. (Source: Producer defined.)

   MBARI_dive_number

   Location identifier assigned during field collection based on location. (Source: Producer defined) Unique alphanumeric location

   Push_core_number

   Core identifier assigned during field collection based on location. (Source: Producer defined) Unique alphanumeric core identifier

   Date_Collected

   Date [D/M/YY], where D=day, M=month, and YY=years in the millennium 2000 (for example, 08 August 2009=8/8/09). (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	08/08/09
   Maximum:	08/08/09

   Latitude

   Latitude of the site at which the push core was collected. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	48.675433
   Maximum:	48.675598
   Units:	decimal degrees
   Resolution:	0.000001

   Longitude

   Longitude of the site at which the push core was collected. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-126.839837
   Maximum:	-126.839924
   Units:	decimal degrees
   Resolution:	0.000001

   Water_Depth

   Depth below the ocean surface at which the push core was collected. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1281.96
   Maximum:	1282.41
   Units:	meters
   Resolution:	0.01

   Water_Temperature

   Temperature of the seawater at the coring site. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.978
   Maximum:	2.984
   Units:	degrees Celsius
   Resolution:	0.001

   Salinity

   Salinity of the seawater at the coring site. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	34.4
   Maximum:	34.4
   Units:	practical salinity units (psu)
   Resolution:	0.1

   Oxygen

   Oxygen content in the seawater at the coring site. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.454
   Maximum:	0.457
   Units:	millimeters per liter
   Resolution:	0.001

   Sample_Upper_Depth_Limit

   The upper depth at which the sediment sample was obtained below the sediment surface in a core. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	24
   Units:	centimeters
   Resolution:	0.1

   Sample_Lower_Depth_Limit

   The lower depth at which the sediment sample was obtained below the sediment surface in a core. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3
   Maximum:	26
   Units:	centimeters
   Resolution:	0.1

   Material_Radiocarbon_Dated

   Biological specimen type sent off for radiocarbon measurement. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined.) Type of biological specimen

   Radiocarbon_Sample_Weight

   Weight of biological material sent off for radiocarbon measurement. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.03
   Maximum:	11.98
   Units:	milligrams
   Resolution:	0.01

   NOSAMS_Accession_Number

   Lab specific ID from the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined) Unique ID given to sample in the NOSAMS lab

   Fraction_Modern

   Fraction modern is a measurement of the deviation of the ratio of delta-Carbon-14 to delta-Carbon-12 of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977).)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.1608
   Maximum:	0.7808
   Units:	unitless
   Resolution:	0.0001

   Fraction_Modern_Error

   Fraction modern error is a measurement of the deviation of the ratio of delta-Carbon-14 to delta-Carbon-12 of a sample from modern carbon (Stuiver and Polach, 1977). NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977))

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0014
   Maximum:	0.0037
   Units:	unitless
   Resolution:	0.0001

   Conventional_Radiocarbon_Age_years_BP

   Conventional Radiocarbon Age calculated using the radiocarbon decay equation (Stuiver and Polach, 1977) with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977).)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1990
   Maximum:	14700
   Units:	years
   Resolution:	10

   Conventional_Radiocarbon_Age_Error

   Standard error for Conventional Radiocarbon Age with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	35
   Maximum:	90
   Units:	years
   Resolution:	5

   Delta_C13_per_mil

   delta C13 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes Carbon-13 to Carbon-12, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-1.36
   Maximum:	0
   Units:	parts per thousand (per mil)
   Resolution:	0.01

   Delta_C14_per_mil

   The relative difference between the absolute international standard (base year 1950) and sample activity corrected for age and delta-Carbon-13. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Stuiver and Polach (1977).)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-840.36
   Maximum:	-224.73
   Units:	parts per thousand (per mil)
   Resolution:	0.01

   Delta_R_years_BP

   The relative difference between the regional radiocarbon content of the ocean water and the global ocean waters (known as the regional reservoir-age correction) in years BP, with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. A regional reservoir-age correction of 350 years was used for the planktic foraminifera (McNeeley and others, 2006) and 1350 years for the benthic foraminifera (Mix and others, 1999). NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	350
   Maximum:	1350
   Units:	parts per thousand (per mil)
   Resolution:	5

   Delta_R_error_years_BP

   The error of the relative difference between the regional radiocarbon content of the ocean water and the global ocean waters in years BP, with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. A regional reservoir-age correction error of plus or minus 45 years was used for the planktic foraminifera (McNeeley and others, 2006) and plus or minus 200 years for the benthic foraminifera (Mix and others, 1999). NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined.)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	45
   Maximum:	200
   Units:	years
   Resolution:	5

   Median_Calibrated_Age_years_2_sigma

   The Median Calibrated Age in years BP with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Reported at the 2-sigma range. Determined using the CALIB 8.01 program and the Marine20 calibration curve. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020).)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	184
   Maximum:	15696
   Units:	years
   Resolution:	5

   Calibrated_Age_Corrected_Error_years

   The error in the Median Calibrated Age in years BP with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950. Reported at the 2-sigma range. Determined using the CALIB 8.01 program and the Marine20 calibration curve. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: defined in Heaton and others (2020).)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	45
   Maximum:	217
   Units:	years
   Resolution:	5

   Total_Ammoglobigerina_globigeriniformis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Ammoglobigerina_globigeriniformis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	6
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Astrononion_hamadaense

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Astrononion hamadaense. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bolivina_spissa

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bolivina spissa. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Bolivina_spissa

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Bolivina spissa. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Bolivina_subadvena

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bolivina subadvena. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bolivina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bolivina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bolivinella_pacifica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bolivinella pacifica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Bolivinella_pacifica

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Bolivinella pacifica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Bolivinella_seminuda

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bolivinella seminuda. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bulimina_barbata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bulimina barbata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bulimina_spinifera

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bulimina spinifera. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Bulimina_striata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Bulimina striata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Bulimina_striata

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Bulimina striata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	4
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Cassidulina_translucens

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cassidulina translucens. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cassidulina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cassidulina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cassidulinoides_parkeriana

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cassidulinoides parkeriana. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Cassidulinoides_parkeriana

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Cassidulinoides parkeriana. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	14
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Chilostomella_oolina

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Chilostomella oolina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Chilostomella_oolina

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Chilostomella oolina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Chilostomella_ovoidea

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Chilostomella ovoidea. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Chilostomellina_fimbriata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Chilostomellina fimbriata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cibicides_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cibicides spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cibicidoides_mckannai

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cibicidoides mckannai. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Cibicidoides_mckannai

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Cibicidoides mckannai. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Cibicidoides_cf._C._pseudoungerianus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cibicidoides cf. C. pseudoungerianus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Cibicidoides_cf._C._pseudoungerianus

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Cibicidoides cf. C. pseudoungerianus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Cibicidoides_wuellerstorfi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Cibicidoides_wuellerstorfi

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Cornuspira_involvens

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cornuspira involvens. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cribroelphidium_batiale

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cribroelphidium batiale. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cribroelphidium_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cribroelphidium sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Cribrostomoides_subglobosus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cribrostomoides subglobosus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Cribrostomoides_subglobosus

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Cribrostomoides subglobosus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	6
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Cyclammina_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Cyclammina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Eggerella_pusilla

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Eggerella pusilla. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Eggerella_pusilla

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Eggerella pusilla. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Eggerelloides_advenus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Eggerelloides advenus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Epistominella_exigua

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Epistominella exigua. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Epistominella_smithi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Epistominella smithi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Eratidus_foliaceus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Eratidus foliaceus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Eratidus_foliaceus

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Eratidus foliaceus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	6
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Eubuliminella_exilis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Eubuliminella exilis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Eubuliminella_exilis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Eubuliminella exilis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Euloxostomum_pseudobeyrichi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Euloxostomum pseudobeyrichi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Fissurina_lucida

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Fissurina lucida. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Fissurina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Fissurina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Fursenkoina_bramlettei

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Fursenkoina bramlettei. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Fursenkoina_bramlettei

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Fursenkoina bramlettei. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Fursenkoina_complanata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Fursenkoina complanata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Fursenkoina_complanata

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Fursenkoina complanata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Fursenkoina_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Fursenkoina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Globobulimina_auriculata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Globobulimina auriculata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Globobulimina_auriculata

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Globobulimina auriculata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	9
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Globobulimina_pacifica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Globobulimina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Globobulimina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Globocassidulina_minuta

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Globocassidulina minuta. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Goesella_flintii

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Goesella flintii. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Goesella_flintii

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Goesella flintii. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	4
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Gyroidina_altiformis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Gyroidina altiformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Gyroidina_altiformis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Gyroidina altiformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Gyroidinoides_cf._G._planulatus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Gyroidinoides cf. G. planulatus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Haplophragmoides_neobradyi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Haplophragmoides neobradyi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Hoeglundina_elegans

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Hoeglundina elegans. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Homalohedra_acuticosta

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Homalohedra acuticosta. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Hyalinonetrion_elongatum

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Hyalinonetrion elongatum. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Ioanella_tumidula

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Ioanella tumidula. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Ioanella_tumidula

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Ioanella tumidula. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Islandiella_californica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Islandiella californica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Islandiella_californica

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Islandiella californica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	5
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Karreriella_baccata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Karreriella baccata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Labrospira_columbiensis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Labrospira columbiensis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Labrospira_columbiensis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Labrospira columbiensis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	5
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Lagena_hispida

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lagena hispida. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Lagena_striata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lagena striata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Lagena_sulcata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lagena sulcata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Lagena_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lagena spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Lagenammina_atlantica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lagenammina atlantica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Lagenammina_atlantica

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Lagenammina atlantica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Lenticulina_orbicularis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lenticulina orbicularis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Lenticulina_orbicularis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Lenticulina orbicularis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Lenticulina_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Lenticulina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Loxostomum_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Loxostomum sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Martinottiella_communis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Martinottiella communis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Martinottiella_communis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Martinottiella communis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Nodulina_dentaliniformis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Nodulina dentaliniformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Nonionella_digitata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Nonionella digitata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Nonionella_cf._N._iridea

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Nonionella cf. N. iridea. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Nonionellina_labradorica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Nonionellina labradorica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Oridorsalis_umbonatus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Oridorsalis umbonatus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Paratrochammina_charlottensis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Paratrochammina_charlottensis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Paratrochammina_charlottensis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Paratrochammina charlottensis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	4
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Procerolagena_distoma

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Procerolagena distoma. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Pseudofavulina_catenulata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Pseudofavulina catenulata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Pseudoparrella_pacifica

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Pseudoparrella pacifica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Pseudoparrella_pacifica

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Pseudoparrella pacifica. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Pullenia_salisburyi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Pullenia salisburyi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Pyrgo_murrhina

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Pyrgo murrhina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Pyrgo_murrhina

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Pyrgo murrhina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Pyrgo_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Pyrgo spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Quinqueloculina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Quinqueloculina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Recurvoidella_bradyi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Recurvoidella bradyi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Reophax_agglutinatus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reophax agglutinatus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Reophax_curtus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reophax curtus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Reophax_curtus

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Reophax curtus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Reophax_scorpiurus

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reophax scorpiurus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Reophax_scorpiurus

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Reophax scorpiurus. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Reophax_sp._A

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reophax sp. A. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Reophax_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reophax spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Reussoolina_laevis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Reussoolina laevis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Rhabdammina_abyssorum

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Rhabdammina abyssorum. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Rotaliammina_squamiformis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Rotaliammina squamiformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Rotaliammina_squamiformis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Rotaliammina squamiformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Silicosigmoilina_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Silicosigmoilina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Silicosigmoilina_sp.

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Silicosigmoilina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Siphouvigerina_hispida

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Siphouvigerina hispida. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Siphouvigerina_proboscidea

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Siphouvigerina proboscidea. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Siphouvigerina_proboscidea

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Siphouvigerina proboscidea. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Spirillina_vivipara

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Spirillina vivipara. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Spirillina_vivipara

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Spirillina vivipara. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	4
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Spiroplectammina_biformis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Spiroplectammina biformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Spiroplectammina_biformis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Spiroplectammina biformis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Takayanagia_delicata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Takayanagia delicata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Takayanagia_delicata

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Takayanagia delicata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	12
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Textularia_earlandi

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Textularia earlandi. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Textulariella_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Textulariella sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Textulariella_sp.

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Textulariella sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Trifarina_angulosa

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Trifarina angulosa. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Triloculina_tricarinata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Triloculina tricarinata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Trochammina_inflata

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Trochammina inflata. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Trochammina_vesicularis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Trochammina vesicularis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Trochammina_spp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Trochammina spp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Uvigerina_peregrina

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Uvigerina peregrina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Uvigerina_peregrina

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Uvigerina peregrina. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	3
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Uvigerina_sp.

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Uvigerina sp. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Valvulineria_araucana

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Valvulineria araucana. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_Veleroninoides_cf._V._veleronis

   Percent abundance of total (living and dead) specimens identified as Veleroninoides cf. V. veleronis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	100
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Living_Veleroninoides_cf._V._veleronis

   Raw counts of living specimens identified as Veleroninoides cf. V. veleronis. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Total_Count

   Total number of specimens (living and dead) recovered in each sample. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	349
   Maximum:	1396
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Living_Count

   Total number of living specimens recovered in each sample. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	58
   Units:	each
   Resolution:	1

   Living_specimens_percent

   Percent abundance of living specimens. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	17.3
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_agglutinated_specimens

   Percent abundance of agglutinated specimens. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.3
   Maximum:	35.0
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	0.1

   Total_species_richness

   Number of total species (living and dead) in each sample. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	19
   Maximum:	47
   Units:	species per sample
   Resolution:	1

   Living_species_richness

   Number of living species in each sample. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	19
   Units:	species per sample
   Resolution:	1

   Foraminiferal_density

   Number of specimens per gram dry sediment. NA indicates the parameter was not measured. (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	6.1
   Maximum:	7972.8
   Units:	specimens per gram of sediment
   Resolution:	0.1

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The first line of the comma-separated values file is a header line.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
   

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Mary McGann
   • Charles K. Paull
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   650-329-4979 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Benthic foraminifera were obtained from 3-centimeter sediment sections of four push cores taken under and in the vicinity of a whale-fall off western Vancouver Island to investigate the impact the whale-fall had on the microfauna. Environmental parameters of temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration were used to characterize the oceanographic conditions at the sampling sites. Radiocarbon measurements were used to date the core sediment.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2009 (process 1 of 4)

   Push cores were collected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI; Moss Landing, California) personnel onboard the R/V Western Flyer using the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Doc Ricketts in 2009 at the request of personnel from the United States Geological Survey (USGS; Menlo Park, California). All four push cores were sliced into 3-centimeter sections on shipboard, placed in glass jars, and immediately refrigerated. Upon completion of the cruise 16 days later, the samples were washed through nested 0.063 millimeter, 0.150 millimeter, and 1.0 millimeter sieves in the USGS Micropaleontology Laboratory in Menlo Park, California, in order to progressively remove the clay-sized particles and protect the finer sieves. The size fractions were then combined and stained with a mixture of 2 grams rose Bengal per 1 liter of greater than 70 percent ethyl alcohol, stirred gently, and left to sit overnight. The purpose of this stain was to identify benthic foraminifera that were alive, or recently living, at the time the samples were collected. The samples were washed again the next day to remove the excess stain, transferred to filter paper, and left to air dry. Due to the paucity of living (stained) benthic foraminifera recovered, both living and dead specimens were picked from the greater than 0.63 millimeter sediment size fraction. A microsplitter was used to separate the samples into statistically valid aliquots and greater than 300 specimens were recovered from each sample. Those samples with low foraminiferal density (less than 400 specimens per sample) in a large amount of matrix of primarily glauconitic sediment and whale bone fragments were floated with sodium polytungstate at a specific gravity of 2.4 grams per liter to concentrate the specimens before picking. While viewing under a microscope, both living and dead specimens were removed from the matrix with a small, moistened picking brush, placed on pre-glued microfaunal slides, and identified using the nomenclature registered in the World Foraminiferal Database. Living and dead specimens were counted separately. Total (living and dead) counts were converted to percent abundance whereas only raw counts of the living specimens were tabulated.

   Date: 2009 (process 2 of 4)

   Sensors measuring water temperature, salinity, depth, and oxygen concentration were attached to the ROV and were monitored directly by the ROV data management system. Temperature, salinity and depth were measured with Falmouth Scientific OTM, OCM, and OPM modules, and oxygen concentration was measured with a SeaBird sbe 43 instrument.

   Date: 2020 (process 3 of 4)

   Samples for radiocarbon analysis were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) Facility of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The radiocarbon ages were obtained by a ratio of 14C to 12C using a 14C half-life of 5568 years (Stuiver and Polach, 1977) and then were converted to calibrated calendar ages (cal years BP), with BP (Before Present) equal to 1950, using the CALIB 8.01 program and the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton and others, 2020). The calibrated ages are reported as the median probability ages for the 2 sigma range. A reservoir age of 750 and 1750 years was used for the planktic and benthic foraminiferal samples, respectively, which is the sum of the global surface-water reservoir age correction of 400 years (Stuiver and Braziunas, 1993) for both and the regional reservoir-age correction (delta R) of 350 plus or minus 45 years (McNeeley and others, 2006) for the planktics and delta R of 1350 plus or minus 200 years for the benthics (Mix and others, 1999).

   Date: 13-Oct-2021 (process 4 of 4)

   Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Susan A. Cochran

   Geologist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7545 (voice)

   scochran@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion: reporting of 14C data.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003672

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Stuiver, M., and Polach, H.A., 1977, Discussion: Reporting of 14C data: Radiocarbon, v. 19, p. 355–363.

   McNeeley, R., Dyke, A.S., and Southon, J.R., 2006, Canadian marine reservoir ages: Preliminary data assessment.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.4095/221564

   Other_Citation_Details:

   McNeeley, R., Dyke, A.S., and Southon, J.R., 2006, Canadian marine reservoir ages: Preliminary data assessment: Geological Survey of Canada Open File 5049, 3 p., 1 CD-ROM.

   Mix, A.C., Lund, D.C., Pisias, N.G., Bodén, P., Bornmalm, L., Lyle, M., and Pike, J., 1999, Rapid climate oscillations in the northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation reflect Northern and Southern Hemisphere sources.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1029/GM112p0127

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Mix, A.C., Lund, D.C., Pisias, N.G., Bodén, P., Bornmalm, L., Lyle, M., and Pike, J., 1999, Rapid climate oscillations in the northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation reflect Northern and Southern Hemisphere sources, in Clark, P., Webb, R.S., and Keigwin, L.D., eds., Mechanisms for global climate change at millennial timescales: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series 112, p. 127–148.

   Heaton, T.J., Kohler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R.W., Austin, W.E.N., Ramsey, C. Bronk, Grootes, P.M., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P.J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M.S., Olsen, J., and Skinner, L.C., 2020, Marine20 – The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP).

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Heaton, T.J., Kohler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R.W., Austin, W.E.N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P.M., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P.J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M.S., Olsen J., and Skinner, L.C., 2020, Marine20 – The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55,000 ca BP): Radiocarbon, v. 62, p. 779–820.

   Stuiver, Minze, and Braziunas, Thomas F., 1993, Modeling atmospheric 14C influences and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 BC.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200013874

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Stuiver, M., and Braziunas, T.F., 1993, Modeling atmospheric 14C influences and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 BC: Radiocarbon, v. 35, n. 1, p. 137-189.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   No formal calibration tests were conducted.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with the ship’s GPS navigation (SIMRAD MX 512 Navigation System) which is accurate to 5 m.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Depth was determined using a Knudsen 320B/R Engineering System with a stated accuracy of 5 percent.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

   Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

   Denver, CO
   

   1-888-275-8747 (voice)

   sciencebase@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in a comma-separated values file (Whale_fall_census_WVancouverIsl.csv) which contains results from faunal counts of benthic foraminifera, environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration), and radiocarbon measurements under and near a whale fall off western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	.csv file in format comma-delimited text (version 14.7.7) Size: 0.02695
     Network links:	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6127f62dd34e40dd9c051c99 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XB8QUV

   • Cost to order the data: None.

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

   These data can be viewed with any text editor software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 13-Oct-2021

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)