Joshua B. Logan Curt D. Storlazzi 20220321 comma-delimited text data release DOI:10.5066/P9XZT1FK Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZT1FK https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61ba8bbad34e9e224ac12fb7 Joshua B. Logan Curt D. Storlazzi 2022 data release DOI:10.5066/P9XZT1FK Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZT1FK https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61943c39d34eb622f68f530c This portion of the data release presents the locations of the temporary ground control points (GCPs) used for the structure-from-motion (SfM) processing of the imagery collected during an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, on 24 June 2018. Twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) were distributed throughout the survey area to establish survey control. The GCPs consisted of: nine submerged targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns anchored to the shallow (less than 1.5 meters deep) seafloor using 0.9 kilogram fishing weights; nine sub-aerial targets consisting of orange plastic five-gallon bucket lids (32 centimeter diameter) painted with a black “X” pattern and affixed in a horizontal orientation to vertical rebar stakes placed in areas of reef rubble to provide the targets with sufficient elevation to remain above the water surface; and two sub-aerial ground targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns placed in the sand at the shoreline. The GCP positions were measured using post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station (MK02) located approximately 1 kilometer from the study area. Reference coordinates for MK02 were established using the mean position derived from four static GPS occupations with durations greater than 4 hours submitted to the National Geodetic Survey Online Positioning User Service (NGS OPUS). The GCP positions are presented in a comma-delimited text file. These data were collected to characterize the morphology and rugosity of the shallow fringing coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, as part of a larger USGS study of nearshore circulation and hydrodynamic properties of coral reefs. The point cloud can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software or other three-dimensional analysis software for research purposes. Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-617-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20180624 ground condition at time data were collected Complete None planned -157.15679 -157.15388 21.09352 21.08451 ISO 19115 Topic Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Data Categories for Marine Planning Bathymetry and Elevation USGS Thesaurus topography topographic maps remote sensing geomorphology aerial photography image mosaics geospatial datasets structure from motion Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords photography remote sensing aerial and satellite photography altimetry orthophotography coastal processes reef fringing reef coral reefs None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CHMRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC UAS Unmanned aerial system Structure-from-motion SfM USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:61ba8bbad34e9e224ac12fb7 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) State of Hawaii Molokai Maui County Waiakane Kalohi Channel None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61ba8bbad34e9e224ac12fb7?name=Waiakane_2018-06-24_GCP_browse.jpg&allowOpen=true Photographs showing examples of ground control points used for the UAS survey. JPEG Microsoft Windows 10, Microsoft Excel, Notepad++ v 8.1.9.3, Trimble Access, Trimble Business Center. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. GCP positions were measured using a survey-grade dual-frequency GPS receiver operating in post-processed-kinematic (PPK) mode. The GPS receiver was placed on a 2-meter fixed-height rod and set to occupy each GCP for a minimum occupation time of one minute. The PPK corrections were referenced to a GPS base station occupying a temporary benchmark (MK02) located approximately 1 kilometer away from the study area. Reference coordinates for MK02 were established using the mean position derived from four static GPS occupations with durations greater than 4 hours each submitted to the National Geodetic Survey Online Positioning User Service (NGS OPUS). The standard deviation of the four OPUS-derived horizontal positions was 0.004 meters. The mean reported horizontal precision of the PPK measurements was 0.015 meters, (standard deviation of 0.002). Due to the submerged position of some GCPs and well as the effects of wave and water motion during GCP placement and measuring, we estimate an additional 0.050 meters of uncertainty with these measurements. The sum of these independent estimated uncertainties in quadrature results in a total estimated horizontal uncertainty of 0.052 meters. Additional errors resulting from GCP disturbance by waves and currents during the survey are unknown. GCP positions were measured using a survey-grade dual-frequency GPS receiver operating in post-processed-kinematic (PPK) mode. The GPS receiver was placed on a 2-meter fixed-height rod and set to occupy each GCP for a minimum occupation time of one minute. The PPK corrections were referenced to a GPS base station occupying a temporary benchmark (MK02) located approximately 1 kilometer away from the study area. Reference coordinates for MK02 were established using the mean position derived from four static GPS occupations with durations greater than 4 hours each submitted to the National Geodetic Survey Online Positioning User Service (NGS OPUS). The standard deviation of the four OPUS-derived vertical positions was 0.008 meters. The mean reported vertical precision of the PPK measurements was 0.028 meters, (standard deviation of 0.006). Due to the submerged position of some GCPs and well as the effects of wave and water motion during GCP placement and measuring, we estimate an additional 0.050 meters of uncertainty with these measurements. The sum of these independent estimated uncertainties in quadrature results in a total estimated horizontal uncertainty of 0.057 meters. Additional errors resulting from GCP disturbance by waves and currents during the survey are unknown. Survey control was established using twenty temporary ground control points (GCPs) distributed throughout the survey area. The GCPs were placed using a combination of kayaking, wading, and snorkeling. The GCPs consisted of: nine submerged targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns anchored to the shallow (less than 1.5 meters deep) seafloor using 0.9 kilogram fishing weights; nine sub-aerial targets consisting of orange plastic five-gallon bucket lids (32 centimeter diameter) painted with a black “X” pattern and affixed in a horizontal orientation to vertical rebar stakes placed in areas of reef rubble to provide the targets with sufficient elevation to remain above the water surface during the survey; and two sub-aerial ground targets consisting of small (80 centimeter X 80 centimeter) square tarps with black-and-white cross patterns placed in the sand at the shoreline. Two of the submerged targets were disturbed by waves or currents during the survey and were not used for SfM processing. All GCP positions were measured using post-processed kinematic (PPK) GPS, using corrections from a GPS base station on a temporary benchmark (MK02) located approximately 1 kilometer away from the study area. Reference coordinates for MK02 were established using the mean position derived from four static GPS occupations with durations greater than 4 hours submitted to the National Geodetic Survey Online Positioning User Service (NGS OPUS). 20180624 Joshua Logan U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7519 jlogan@usgs.gov Point Point 21 Universal Transverse Mercator 4 0.9996 -159.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.001 0.001 meters NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System PA11) (EPSG:6322) GRS 1980 (EPSG:7019) 6378137.0 298.257222101 GRS 1980 Ellipsoid (EPSG:7019) 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Attribute Table Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset Producer defined pid Point ID producer defined A unique identification code for the point. northing_utmz4_m Northing coordinate of data point relative to the NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System PA11) datum, projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 4 North coordinate system, meters (EPSG:6634) Producer defined 2332953.915 2333555.097 meters easting_utmz4_m Easting coordinate of data point relative to the NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System PA11) datum, projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 4 North coordinate system, meters (EPSG:6634) Producer defined 691572.329 692112.683 meters ellipsoid_ht_m Ellipsoid height in meters, referenced to the GRS 1980 ellipsoid (EPSG:7019). Producer defined -0.995 1.959 meters U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The GCP locations are available in comma-delimited text format (Waiakane_2018-06-24_GCP.csv). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. comma-delimited text Notepad++ v 8.1.9.3 The csv file contains coordinates of ground control point locations. No compression applied 0.001 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61ba8bbad34e9e224ac12fb7?name=Waiakane_2018-06-24_GCP.csv https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61ba8bbad34e9e224ac12fb7 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZT1FK Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to the comma-delimited text file. The second link points to a landing page with the comma-delimited text file, metadata, and a browse image. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release, including links to pages of the various data files. None. The downloadable data file is available in comma-separated values (CSV) spreadsheet format. Text editing software can be used to open the file, as well as spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft Excel. 20220321 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998