Observations of tsunami and runup heights in Santa Cruz Harbor and surrounding beaches from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai tsunami

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: SeanPaul M. La Selle
Originator: Alex G. Snyder
Originator: Brandon M. Nasr
Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe
Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
Originator: Nick Graehl
Originator: Jacqueline Bott
Publication_Date: 20220316
Title:
Observations of tsunami and runup heights in Santa Cruz Harbor and surrounding beaches from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai tsunami
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9ZVAB8D
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZVAB8D
Description:
Abstract:
The 14 January 2022 eruption of Tonga Hunga-Tonga Ha'apai volcano generated tsunamis that impacted the west coast of the United States on the morning of 15 January 2022. This data release presents runup heights and tsunami heights collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the California Geological Survey (CGS) during surveys at the Santa Cruz Harbor and beaches in Santa Cruz County, California, on January 19th and 20th, 2022 (USGS Field Activity 2022-607-FA). Evidence of tsunami inundation included high water marks on buildings and harbor infrastructure, wrack lines, and flow-direction indicators such as bent vegetation. Elevations surveyed at the maximum inland extent of tsunami inundation are classified as “runup heights.” High-water mark elevations are classified as “tsunami heights.” At Seabright, Beer Can, and Manresa beaches, the inferred tsunami inundation limit was identified as the highest wrack line on each beach. The wrack line coincided with a change in sand color, with the inundated side consisting of darker colored sand. Based on eyewitness and video observations of the tsunami in Santa Cruz Harbor, most of the surveyed tsunami and runup heights are the result of inundation from the highest wave around 08:50 PST (16:50 GMT). Flow-depth markers on buildings and infrastructure from a later wave were measured and reported as lower tsunami heights and are noted. The final point data are provided in a comma-separated text file and are projected in cartesian coordinates using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 North, meters coordinate system.
Purpose:
Data were obtained to document perishable evidence of inundation in Santa Cruz County from the 2022 Tonga Hunga-Tonga Ha'apai tsunami. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to assess the maximum tsunami elevations and inundation distance.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20220119
Ending_Date: 20220120
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.0104
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.8157
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.9834
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.8807
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: tsunamis
Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: tsunami events
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:61fab9cdd34e622189c77fdc
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: Monterey Bay
Place_Keyword: Santa Cruz County
Place_Keyword: Santa Cruz
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/ 61fab9cdd34e622189c77fdc?name=sc_harbor_tonga_tsunami_fig1 &allowOpen=true
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map and aerial imagery showing tsunami survey locations
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/ 61fab9cdd34e622189c77fdc?name=sc_harbor_tonga_tsunami_fig 2&allowOpen=true
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Examples of post-tsunami evidence of inundation and flooding.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG
Data_Set_Credit:
We would like to thank Santa Cruz Deputy Harbormaster, John Haynes, and Santa Cruz Harbormaster, Blake Anderson, for providing access to the harbor and for sharing their observations of tsunami impacts to the harbor.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 11 Pro Version 22H2 (Build 22567.200); Microsoft Excel Version 2108 (Build 14326.20784); Trimble Business Center Version 4.10 (Build 4.10.6750.37011).
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No comparisons to "true" values were conducted.
Logical_Consistency_Report: All data falls within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The average estimated horizontal uncertainty of the surveyed locations is 1.5 cm based on manufacturer-reported accuracies of the survey equipment. See Process Steps for details.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The average estimated vertical uncertainty of surveyed elevations is 3 cm based on manufacturer-reported accuracies of the survey equipment. See Process Steps for details.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Evidence of tsunami runup and inundation were surveyed on foot with two Trimble R10-2 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) combined antennae and receiver units mounted on 2-m survey rods or on backpacks. Prior to data collection, vertical distances between the GNSS antennas and the ground were measured using a tape measure. Hand-held Trimble TSC3 data collectors were used to log raw data and display navigational information.
Process_Date: 20220120
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Positioning data from the survey platforms were post-processed to apply differential corrections from a GNSS base station with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011 realization). Post-processing of raw GNSS data was performed with Trimble Business Center. Orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using National Geodetic Survey Geoid12b offsets. The final point data from the topographic surveyors are projected in cartesian coordinates using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 North, meters coordinate system.
Process_Date: 20220124
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
All available elevation, location, and field note data from the survey were compiled into a comma-delimited text file for distribution.
Process_Date: 20220204
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Corrections in Theme Keyword Thesaurus names and Keywords were performed. (scochran@usgs.gov)
Process_Date: 20220525
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1622
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983, 2011 realization
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: sc_harbor_tonga_tsunami.csv
Entity_Type_Definition: Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID
Attribute_Definition: Unique name given to survey point
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Two different GNSS units were used in these surveys, each point was given a unique alphanumeric or numeric identification to associate with field notes and photos.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Location
Attribute_Definition:
The descriptive name of the general area in which points were surveyed
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Santa Cruz Harbor
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Santa Cruz Harbor, Santa Cruz, California
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Seabright Beach
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The beach on the west side of the Santa Cruz Harbor mouth
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Beer Can Beach
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A beach approximately 10.5 km ESE of the Santa Cruz Harbor
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Manresa Beach
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
A California State Beach approximately 13.5 km SE of the Santa Cruz Harbor
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Observation Time
Attribute_Definition:
The date and time of data collection in Pacific Standard Time (PST).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: In yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS format. GMT is 8 hours ahead of PST.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Northing (m)
Attribute_Definition:
North coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011 realization), projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 North, meters, coordinate system
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 4087970.024
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4092460.05
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Easting (m)
Attribute_Definition:
East coordinate of data point relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011 realization), projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10 North, meters, coordinate system
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 588632.643
Range_Domain_Maximum: 601265.524
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Elevation NAVD88 (m)
Attribute_Definition:
Height in meters of data point with reference to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.748
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.101
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Type of measurement
Attribute_Definition: Determined in the field with more details in the notes
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: runup height
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The elevation of the tsunami at its maximum inland extent, where the tsunami flow depth approaches zero. Typically indicated by wrack lines consisting of lightweight dead vegetation and trash, or a transition from dark to light colored sand.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: tsunami height
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The elevation reached by the tsunami measured at a point that is not the maximum of horizontal inundation. Typically observed as flow depth markers on buildings or other vertically-oriented objects. Assumed to represent the high-water mark from the largest tsunami wave.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: lower tsunami height
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
A tsunami height from a survey point with multiple flow depth markers. Assumed to represent the high-water mark from a smaller wave, but could also represent a period of ponding from the recession of the largest tsunami wave.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: reference
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: a survey point collected as a reference height or location
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: flow direction
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
A surveyed point where evidence of flow direction was preserved, typically observed as vegetation bent in the direction of flow.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: sample location
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A site where a sediment sample was collected
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Notes
Attribute_Definition:
Field notes that describe the measurement and tsunami evidence observed.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Free-text section compiled from several sets of field notes
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
These data are available in csv format (sc_harbor_tonga_tsunami.csv) accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: comma-delimited text
Transfer_Size: 0.198
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61fab9cdd34e622189c77fdc
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZVAB8D
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download a zipped file of data, metadata, and browse graphics. The second link points to the landing page for the data release.
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20220525
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P9ZVAB8D/sc_harbor_tonga_tsunami.html>
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