Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Publication_Date: 20250409 Title: Elwha PlaneCam - aerial imagery and derivatives from Elwha River (WA) flight on July 25th, 2017 Series_Information: Series_Name: data service Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9M3NYWI Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Ritchie, A.C., 2025, Elwha PlaneCam - aerial imagery and derivatives from Elwha River (WA) flight on March 19th, 2012, in Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service: U.S. Geological Survey data service, accessed [MMMM d, YYYY], at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI. [Data directly accessible at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/Elwha_PlaneCam/20120319_Elwha_River/] Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Peter J. Triezenberg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Publication_Date: 20230221 Title: RSCC Simple Data Distribution Service Series_Information: Series_Name: data service Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9M3NYWI Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Ritchie, A.C., Triezenberg, P.J., Warrick, J.A., Hatcher, G.A., and Buscombe, D.D., 2023, Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service: U.S. Geological Survey data service, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Description: Abstract: This is a set of 642 primarily near-nadir aerial photogrammetric images and their derivatives, collected from the Elwha River, WA, with an intervalometer-triggered digital camera from a crewed light aircraft, for processing using structure-from-motion photogrammetry and machine learning to study coastal geomorphic processes, primarily during and after dam removal on the Elwha River, at high temporal and spatial resolution. JPG files in each folder follow the following naming convention: {YYYYMMDDHHMMSS}_{SN###}_{PreservedFileName}.jpg, where {YYYYMMDDHHMMSS} is the image acquisition time in {YearMonthDayHourMinuteSecond} expressed in 24-hour time, as recorded by the camera’s internal clock or subsequently adjusted and written to the DateTimeOriginal field in the image EXIF data, {SN###} is the last 3 digits of the camera serial number OR 000 in the case the camera doesn't have a serial number, preceded by the letters “SN”, and {PreservedFileName} is the original filename recorded at the time the image was captured. For example, 20120319123426_SN000_IMG_1082.JPG would be the filename for an image with a DateTimeOriginal EXIF time/date stamp of March 19th, 2012, at 12:34:26 pm in Pacific Standard Time (PST) - See attribute accuracy report in platform metadata for details on time accuracy. Purpose: Recording ground condition at a high temporal and spatial resolution for processing using structure-from-motion photogrammetry and machine learning to study fluvial and coastal geomorphic processes at high temporal and spatial resolution and to improve our understanding of earth surface processes (natural hazards) affecting coastal resources, primarily with regard to the Elwha River response to dam removals. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-603-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20170725 Beginning_Time: 094141 Ending_Date: 20170725 Ending_Time: 095651 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.6353105 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.3946121 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.1550588 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.1152968 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:fddc98e6-26f2-4455-9d47-f165b9203e33 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: habitat Theme_Keyword: infrastructure Theme_Keyword: structures Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: image analysis Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme_Keyword: visible light imaging Theme_Keyword: datasets Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme_Keyword: geography Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: ecology Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geologic processes Theme_Keyword: slope processes Theme_Keyword: coastal ecosystems Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: aerial and satellite photography Theme_Keyword: agents of coastal change Theme_Keyword: anthropogenic agents of coastal change Theme_Keyword: coastal development Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme_Keyword: coastal landslides Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: National Park Service Theme_Keyword: NPS Theme_Keyword: Elwha River Restoration Project Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: United States and Territories Place_Keyword: Elwha River Place_Keyword: Olympic National Park Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Images were collected with a digital camera in jpg format. Hardware and software specifications and other parameters are detailed in camera EXIF data. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tom Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6-Structure from motion workflow documentation Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Gabrielle Adelman Originator: Kenneth Adelman Originator: Patrick W. Limber Publication_Date: 20170101 Title: New Techniques to Measure Cliff Change from Historical Oblique Aerial Photographs and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00095.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Camera EXIF position data are not present unless added after the flight and are annotated in the EXIF:GPSAreaInformation field with position source. See platform metadata for details Logical_Consistency_Report: RGB values are 8-bit, generally not saturated or underexposed. In a few cases of high or low light conditions, some imagery may be under- or over-exposed. Completeness_Report: Data are considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details, and to examine EXIF data for individual flights to determine camera settings such as exposure mode and shutter speed. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment has not been conducted. High-precision positions, when available, are published as a flight derivative product with separate metadata describing their derivation and accuracy. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Acquisition -- Aerial imagery was collected using a DOI-contracted aircraft operated by Rite Bros. Aviation. Cameras were mounted in wing inspection plates and triggered with internal software intervalometers to capture imagery. Images were acquired in jpg format. Any position data are added in post-processing and not natively collected, derived through photogrammetry and/or ground-control. Process_Date: 19991231 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: raw imagery Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: raw GNSS data Process_Step: Process_Description: Image renaming -- Raw Images are renamed using Phil Harvey's EXIFTOOL with the following command: exiftool -P -r -f -api missingtagvalue="000" -d %Y%m%d%H%M%S "-filename<${DateTimeOriginal}_SN${SerialNumber;$_=substr($_,-3)}_${PreservedFileName;s/\.\w*$//}.%e" -ext jpg . files follow the following naming convention: {YYYYMMDDHHMMSS}_{SN###}_{PreservedFileName}.jpg, where {YYYYMMDDHHMMSS} is the image acquisition time in {YearMonthDayHourMinuteSecond} expressed in 24-hour time, as recorded by the camera’s internal clock or subsequently adjusted and written to the DateTimeOriginal field in the image EXIF data, {SN###} is the last 3 digits of the camera serial number OR 000 in the case the camera doesn't have a serial number, preceded by the letters “SN”, and {PreservedFileName} is the original filename recorded at the time the image was captured. For example, 20120319123426_SN000_IMG_1082.JPG would be the filename for an image with a DateTimeOriginal EXIF time/date stamp of March 19th, 2012, at 12:34:26 pm in Pacific Standard Time (PST) - See attribute accuracy report in platform metadata for details on time accuracy. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Image QA/QC -- original and renamed images are counted, and the beginning and end of the survey are reviewed to cull extraneous images such as images before takeoff and after landing (see logical consistency section for details). Corruped images are identified using ImageMagick with GNU Parallel. #example command to identify corrupt images: find . -iname "*.jpg"| parallel magick identify -regard-warnings {} >> magick_log.txt 2>>magic_err_log.txt If corrupted images are found, they are replaced from backup sources created when downloading imagery if possible. If corrupted images are not recoverable (for example, original imagery is corrupt) the images are deleted. Note that images of water and sky captured on turns are typically retained in this dataset. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Position data processing -- because source data are not georeferenced, position data are only derived through ground control (GCPs), or 4D SfM when imagery is coaligned with imagery containing GNSS coordinates (Such as the PCMSC PlaneCam). When collected, GNSS data are post-processed to derive the precise position of ground control points, check points, and/or the GNSS antenna at the time of image acquisition. If necessary for rapid processing, approximate (PROVISIONAL) positions are produced from rapid ephemeris data. After precise ephemerides are available, GNSS data are post-processed to calculate GNSS trajectory, and precise positions are derived from station occupations or event marks recorded with precision timing, placed along the GNSS trajectory. Processing workflows, accuracy estimates, software and version are detailed in GNSS metadata. Camera and ground control positions are post-processed together with images, camera lever arm data and photogrammetric software to derive accurate camera position and pose. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Photogrammetric Processing -- 3D or 4D structure-from-motion (SfM) processing, as described in Over and others (2021) and Warrick and others (2017), is used to derive camera positions for surveys missing position data if necessary. This processing is done with reduced accuracy to provide approximate location only. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Imagery EXIF coordinates reconciliation -- Note that EXIF camera positions are not intended to be suitable accuracy for precise photogrammetric surveys, but they are used to populate the EXIF metadata field and locate the image in space relative to other images for reference purposes. GNSS/SfM position data published separately from images should be used for SfM reconstruction if available. CAMERA POSITIONS ARE NOT NECESSARILY PRESENT OR ACCURATE IN EXIF DATA. For this platform, no positions are recorded initially, and if added, the positions may not be the definitive set. Depending on availability of position data, coordinates for image EXIF position data are recorded as follows, with the appropriate indicator written to the EXIF:GPSAreaInformation tag: 1) If no position data are calculated, the EXIF:GPSAreaInformation tag will be blank/absent 2) If image positions have been calculated using 4D_sfm- or GCP-derived photogrammetry, EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="structure-from-motion" 3) If a sequence of images are unaligned from photogrammetry, but can be interpolated (for example, on a turn between lines), EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="interpolated" 4) If a sequence of images are unaligned from photogrammetry at the beginning or end of a flight, they will be extrapolated to the estimated takeoff location, EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="interpolated" Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Image EXIF annotation -- Additional information was added to individual image EXIF tags using the command-line 'exiftool' software with the following command, as appropriate: #tags for provisional data exiftool ^ -P ^ -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" ^ -IPTC:Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" ^ -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" ^ -XMP:UsageTerms="These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data." ^ -overwrite_original *.JPG #tags for approved data exiftool ^ -P ^ -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" ^ -IPTC:Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" ^ -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" ^ -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." ^ -EXIF:ImageDescription="[single_image_EXIF_desc]" ^ -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI ^ -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="[position_method]" ^ -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)" ^ -overwrite_original *.JPG tags were then duplicated to XMP headers to increase tag compatibility for image viewing software with the following exiftool command #tag duplication per phil harvey exiftool ^ -P ^ "-XMP-photoshop:Credit