Mercedes D. Erdey
Guy R. Cochrane
2014
Seafloor character--Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
Nadine E. Golden
2013
California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
database
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
This part of DS 781 presents the seafloor-character map Offshore of Point Reyes, California (raster data file is included in "SFC_PointReyes.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_PointReyes.html). These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Watt, J.T., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Sliter, R.W., Krigsman, L.M., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (J.T. Watt and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Point Reyes, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1114, pamphlet 39 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151114.
This raster-format seafloor-character map shows four substrate classes offshore of Point Reyes, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been further divided into the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), and Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slope Classes 3-4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008).
References Cited:
California Department of Fish and Game, 2008, California Marine Life Protection Act master plan for marine protected areas; Revised draft: California Department of Fish and Game, accessed April 5 2011, at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp.
Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf.
Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1419-1426.
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
2007
2010
ground condition
none planned
-123.091178
-122.892501
38.098320
37.938761
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:221fc6b1-6856-4186-b468-598b0a90ded8
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Bathymetry
Seafloor Topography
Acoustic Reflectivity
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
environment
oceans
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Data Categories for Marine Planning
distributions
substrate
bathymetry and elevation
physical habitats and geomorphology
USGS Thesaurus
sonar methods
image mosaics
interferometric sonar
marine geophysics
sea-floor characteristics
sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
bathymetry measurement
bathymetry
videos
underwater photography
ecosystems
maps and atlases
geospatial datasets
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
CMHRP
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Marine Nearshore Subtidal
Marine Offshore Subtidal
Transform Continental Margin
Continental/Island Shelf
Rock Substrate
Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Pacific Ocean
State of California
Point Reyes
Drakes Bay
Marin County
Drakes Estero
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Northern California Ecoregion
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Substrate
none
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/images/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.jpg
Seafloor character of the Offshore of Point Reyes map area.
JPEG
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.0.2414
Janet T. Watt
Peter Dartnell
Nadine E. Golden
H. Gary Greene
Mercedes D. Erdey
Guy R. Cochrane
Samuel Y. Johnson
Stephen R. Hartwell
Rikk G. Kvitek
Michael W. Manson
Charles A. Endris
Bryan E. Dieter
Ray W. Sliter
Lisa M. Krigsman
Eric N. Lowe
John L. Chin
2015
California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Point Reyes, California
pamphlet and map sheets
Open-File Report
2015-1114
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151114
Pixel resolution 2 m.
Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.
Total coverage for the survey area is 100 percent. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.
Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, <http://www8.garmin.com/specs/GPSMAP76C_76CSspec.pdf>).
Peter Dartnell
Rikk G. Kvitek
2014
Bathymetry--Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California
raster digital data
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for bathymetry ("Bathymetry_OffshorePointReyes_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
digital file of gridded bathymetry data (ArcInfo GRID)
2007
2010
ground condition
bathymetry
Gridded bathymetry data (2-meter resolution).
Peter Dartnell
Rikk G. Kvitek
2014
Bathymetry--Offshore of Point Reyes Map Area, California
raster digital data
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for backscatter ("BackscatterA_8101_OffshorePointReyes_metadata.txt", "BackscatterB_Swath_OffshorePointReyes_metadata.txt", "BackscatterC_7125_OffshorePointReyes_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
digital file of gridded amplitude data (ArcInfo GRID)
2007
2010
ground condition
backscatter
Gridded amplitude data (2-meter resolution).
Brian Edwards
Eleyne Phillips
Nadine Golden
Lisa Krigsman
Peter Dartnell
2014
l908NC_video_observations
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for l908NC video observations ("l908nc_video_observations_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
vector digital data
20080811
20080822
ground condition
l908NC
seafloor interpretations from underwater video and sediment samples
Brian Edwards
Eleyne Phillips
Nadine Golden
Lisa Krigsman
Peter Dartnell
2014
f307nc_video_observations
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for f307nc video observations ("f307nc_video_observations_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
vector digital data
20080811
20080822
ground condition
f307NC
seafloor interpretations from underwater video and sediment samples
The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008). The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity (from bathymetry data). Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007).
Classes I, II and III values were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (mobile sedimentary features) values were determined on the basis of visual characteristics using both bathymetry and backscatter (slight depression in the seafloor, very high backscatter return). The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The four seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees - 60 degrees), or Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 4-5 (greater than 100 m), and Slopes Classes 3-4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block.
bathymetry
backscatter
l908NC
f307NC
201302
Added Distribution_Information section to metadata to facilitate data download.
20171005
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
20171005
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata.
20180426
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
20201019
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. USGS Thesaurus and keywords were added, information for accompanying Open-File Report added to Abstract and Cross Reference sections, Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information was updated, and Process Steps were refined. Information about the data available for download and different Network Resource Name links and details were given in the Standard Order Process section. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20230315
Susan A Cochran
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Geologist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
USA
(831) 460-7545
scochran@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
8849
8710
1
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N
0.9996
-123.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
2
2
Meter
North American Datum 1983
WGS 1984
6378137.0
298.257223563
SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.tif.vat
The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project.
ESRI
Rowid
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
VALUE
This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting four substrate classes (1-4) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value.
ESRI
1
63
Integers 1 - 63 representing seafloor character classes.
COUNT
The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE).
ESRI
10989
26752933
Integers 10989 - 26752933 pixel count.
SLOPE
The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees).
USGS
1
2
Integer value 1 and 2 representing slope classes as described above.
DEPTH_ZONE
The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008).
USGS
2
3
Integer values 2-3 representing slope classes as described above.
SUBSTRATE
Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium- to coarse- grained sediment
USGS
1
4
Integer values 1-4 representing substrate classes as described above.
SUBST_DESC
Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium to coarse grained (Mobile Sed Features)
USGS
Names are in text form, maximum length: 50
FULL_DESC
Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, Very high backscatter, low rugosity; typically medium- to coarse-grained, rippled sediment with some shell hash in shallow depressions
USGS
Names are in text form, maximum length: 250
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
345 Middlefield Rd
Menlo Park
CA
94025-3561
USA
(650) 329-4309
The .zip file (https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.zip) includes the .tfw, .tif, .tif.aux.xml, and .tif.ovr, files, as well as FGDC-compliant metadata for the seafloor character data layer in the Offshore of Point Reyes map area of California.
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
GeoTiff
ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI, 2011)
Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system.
The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and FGDC-compliant metadata.
WinZip
2.2
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data/SeafloorCharacter_OffshorePointReyes.zip
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePointReyes/data_catalog_OffshorePointReyes.html
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog.
none
20230315
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time