Peter Dartnell Rikk G. Kvitek Eleyne L. Phillips Guy R. Cochrane 2013 1.0 GeoTiff Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data_catalog_OffshoreSantaBarbara.html Nadine E. Golden 2013 database Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 This part of DS 781 presents data for part of the acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area, California. The raster data file is included in "BackscatterB_USGS_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data_catalog_OffshoreSantaBarbara.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Greene, H.G., Krigsman, L.M., Kvitek, R.G., Dieter, B.E., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G.G., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.E., Gutierrez, C.I., Wong, F.L., Yoklavich, M.M., Draut, A.E., Hart, P.E., and Conrad, J.E. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2013, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3281, 45 p., 11 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3281. The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area, California, was generated from backscatter data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB) and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These metadata describe the acoustic-backscatter data collected by the USGS. See "BackscatterA_CSUMB_OffshoreSantaBarbara_metadata.txt" metadata for a description of the acoustic-backscatter data collected by CSUMB. Small areas in the far-east nearshore, as well as further offshore to the west and in the southeast outer shelf area, were mapped by the USGS in 2005 and 2006, using a combination of 468-kHz (2005) and 117-kHz (2006) SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonars. Within the acoustic-backscatter imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and sediment type. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones). To expand geologic mapping to the seafloor within the California's State Waters, to update coastal geologic mapping, and to contribute to a uniform regional geologic database, which can be used geographic information systems. Additionally, to provide a geologic map for the public and geoscience community to aid in assessments and mitigation of geologic hazards in the Santa Barbara coastal region and to provide sufficient geologic information for land-use and land-management decisions both onshore and offshore. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Additional information about the USGS field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=Z206SC https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=S105SC Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. 2005 2006 ground condition Complete none planned -119.81 -119.62 34.49 34.32 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:306e0abb-498b-48ed-96fe-94c3e6bfbfec Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Acoustic Reflectivity ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment oceans imageryBaseMapsEarthCover None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Data Categories for Marine Planning distributions physical habitats and geomorphology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords seabed sidescan sonar marine geophysics USGS Thesaurus sidescan sonar image mosaics marine geophysics sea-floor characteristics sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Marine Nearshore Subtidal Marine Offshore Subtidal Transform Continental Margin Bight Borderland Continental/Island Shelf Rock Substrate Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Santa Barbara Channel Santa Barbara Pacific Ocean California Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Southern California Bight Ecoregion Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Substrate None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB) as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/images/BackscatterB_USGS_OffshoreSantaBarbara.jpg Acoustic backscatter imagery of the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area. JPEG Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.0 Samuel Y. Johnson Peter Dartnell Guy R. Cochrane Nadine E. Golden Eleyne L. Phillips Andrew C. Ritchie H. Gary Greene Lisa M. Krigsman Rikk G. Kvitek Bryan E. Dieter Charles A. Endris Gordon G. Seitz Ray W. Sliter Mercedes D. Erdey Carlos I. Gutierrez Florence L. Wong Mary M. Yoklavich Amy E. Draut Patrick E. Hart James E. Conrad 2013 map Scientific Investigations Map SIM 3281 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3281 Not applicable for raster data. Unspecified Complete Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations. Not applicable USGS acoustic-backscatter data were collected in 2005 and 2006, using a combination of 468-kHz (2005) and 117-kHz (2006) SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonars. During the USGS mapping missions, differential GPS (DGPS) data were combined with measurements of vessel motion (heave, pitch, and roll) in a CodaOctopus F180 attitude-and-position system to produce a high-precision vessel-attitude packet. This packet was transmitted to the acquisition software in real time and combined with instantaneous sound-velocity measurements at the transducer head before each ping. The returned samples were projected to the seafloor using a ray-tracing algorithm that works with previously measured sound-velocity profiles. Statistical filters were applied to the raw samples that discriminate the seafloor returns (soundings) from unintended targets in the water column. The backscatter data were postprocessed using USGS software (D.P. Finlayson, written commun., 2011) that normalizes for time-varying signal loss and beam-directivity differences. Thus, the raw 16-bit backscatter data were gain-normalized to enhance the backscatter of the SWATHplus system. The resulting normalized-amplitude values were rescaled to 16-bit and gridded into GeoJPEGS using GRID Processor Software, then imported into a GIS and converted to GRIDS. 2012 Pete Dartnell U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Physical Scientist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission St.

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA (831) 460-7415 pdartnell@usgs.gov Added Distribution_Information section to metadata to facilitate data download. 20171005 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. 20171005 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. 20180426 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed 20211014 U.S. Geological Survey Susan A. Cochran Geologist Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. USGS Thesaurus and keywords were added, information for accompanying Open-File Report added to Abstract and Cross Reference sections, Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information was updated, and Process Steps were refined. Information about the data available for download and different Network Resource Name links and details were given in the Standard Order Process section. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20230316 Susan A Cochran U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Geologist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA (831) 460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell Universal Transverse Mercator 11 0.9996 -117.00000 0.00000 500000.0 0.00 coordinate pair 2.0 2.0 Meters WGS84 NAVD88 6378137.00 298.257223563 The USGS 2005 backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: >Cell size = 2.0 >Number of rows = 8960 >Number of columns = 8960 > >Data type = floating point > >Boundary >Xmin = 241390 >Xmax = 259310 >Ymin = 3801510 >Ymax = 3819430 > >Statistics >Minimum value = 0 >Maximum value = 1.69 >Mean = 1.06 >Standard deviation = 0.05 > >Coordinate system description >Projection UTM >Zone 11 >Datum WGS84 >Units meter none The USGS 2006 backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: >Cell size = 2.0 >Number of rows = 8960 >Number of columns = 8960 > >Data type = floating point > >Boundary >Xmin = 241390 >Xmax = 259310 >Ymin = 3801510 >Ymax = 3819430 > >Statistics >Minimum value = 0 >Maximum value = 65535.0 >Mean = 30001.51 >Standard deviation = 5436.95 > >Coordinate system description >Projection UTM >Zone 11 >Datum WGS84 >Units meter none U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

345 Middlefield Rd

Menlo Park CA 94025-3561 USA (650) 329-4309 The .zip file (https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data/BackscatterB_USGS_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip) includes the .tfw, .tif, .tif.aux.xml, and .tif.ovr, files, as well as FGDC-compliant metadata for the BackscatterB_USGS data layer in the Offshore of Santa Barbara map area of California. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. GeoTiff ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI, 2011) Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system. The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and FGDC-compliant metadata. WinZip 19.1 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data/BackscatterB_USGS_OffshoreSantaBarbara.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSantaBarbara/data_catalog_OffshoreSantaBarbara.html https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog. none 20230316 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time