Peter Dartnell Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 1.0 GeoTiff Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/OffshoreMonterey/data_catalog_OffshoreMonterey.html Nadine E. Golden 2015 database Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 This part of DS 781 presents data for the acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California. Backscatter data are provided as separate grids depending on resolution. This metadata file refers to the data included in "Backscatter_7125_OffshoreMonterey.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1110, pamphlet 44 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110. The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Monterey map area in central California was generated from backscatter data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB) and by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). Mapping was completed between 1998 and 2012 using a combination of multibeam echosounders including 200-kHz/400-kHz Reson 7125, 100-kHz Reson 7111, 240 kHz Reson 8101, and 30-kHz Simrad EM-300 as well as 234-kHz and 468-kHz SWATHplus bathymetric sidescan-sonar system. Within the final imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and composition. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones). These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software. 2008 2012 ground condition Complete As needed -122.06 -121.78 36.69 36.53 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:1ef5099c-9d60-45ec-947a-03bd46bd37aa Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Bathymetry Seafloor Topography None Seafloor Character Fisheries Ecosystem Multibeam Geology Bathymetry Backscatter Intensity Ocean Floor Topography U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment oceans imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Data Categories for Marine Planning distributions physical habitats and geomorphology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords seabed sidescan sonar marine geophysics USGS Thesaurus sidescan sonar image mosaics marine geophysics sea-floor characteristics sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Marine Nearshore Subtidal Marine Offshore Subtidal Transform Continental Margin Continental/Island Shelf Rock Substrate Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Pacific Ocean State of California Monterey Monterey County Seaside Marina Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Northern California Ecoregion Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Substrate None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab, and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cf5fc5e4b015c306ed183c?name=Backscatter_7125_OffshoreMonterey.jpg&allowOpen=true Acoustic backscatter imagery offshore of Monterey. JPEG Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.0 Johnson, S.Y. Dartnell, P. Hartwell, S.R. Cochrane, G.R. Golden, N.E. Watt, J.T. Davenport, C.W. Kvitek, R.G. Erdey, M.D. Krisgman, L.M. Sliter, R.W. Maier, K.L. 2016 Open-File Report 2016-1110 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110 Not applicable for raster data. Unspecified Complete Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to water depth and total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations. Not applicable to acoustic-backscatter imagery. Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay 20101231 raster digital data http://seafloor.otterlabs.org/SFMLwebDATA_mb.htm#MONT digital file of gridded sidescan 20080614 ground condition Asilomar SSS Gridded sidescan sonar data (1-meter resolution). Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay 20101231 raster digital data http://seafloor.otterlabs.org/SFMLwebDATA_mb.htm#MONT digital file of gridded sidescan 20080615 ground condition CNB Nor 7125 SSS Gridded sidescan sonar data (1-meter resolution). Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay 20101231 raster digital data http://seafloor.otterlabs.org/SFMLwebDATA_mb.htm#MONT digital file of gridded sidescan 20080615 ground condition CNB So 7125 SSS Gridded sidescan sonar data (1-meter resolution). Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay 2012 raster digital data http://seafloor.otterlabs.org/SFMLwebDATA_mb.htm#MONT digital file of gridded sidescan 20120612 ground condition CNB So 7125 SSS Gridded sidescan sonar data (1-meter resolution). During the CSUMB mapping missions, an Applanix POS MV (Position and Orientation System for Marine Vessels)or a Teledyne TSS HDMS (Hydrographic Data Maintenance System) was used to provide position and attitude data during data collection, and they also accounted for vessel motion such as heave, pitch, and roll with navigational input from Trimble 4700 GPS or Cnav®-enabled NAVCON 2050 GPS receivers. Kinetic GPS (KGPS) altitude data were used to account for tide cycle fluctuations, and sound-velocity profiles were collected with an Applied Microsystems (AM) SVPlus sound velocimeter. Soundings were corrected for vessel motion using the Applanix POS MV or Teledyne TSS HDMS data, for variations in water-column sound velocity using the AM SVPlus data, and for variations in water height (tides) using vertical-position data from postprocessed GPS data. The Reson backscatter data were postprocessed using a variety of methods including Geocoder software, Isis Sonar and Delph Map software, and TNT Mips GIS software. For the data postprocessed using Geocoder, the backscatter intensities were radiometrically corrected (including despeckling and angle-varying gain adjustments), and the position of each acoustic sample was geometrically corrected for slant range on a line-by-line basis. After the lines were corrected, they were mosaicked into 1- or 2-m-resolution images. Overlap between parallel lines was resolved using a priority table whose values were based on the distance of each sample from the ship track, with samples that were closest to and furthest from the ship track being given the lowest priority. An anti-aliasing algorithm was also applied. The mosaics were then exported as georeferenced TIFF images, imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS), and converted to GRIDs at 1-m resolution. For the backscatter data postprocessed using the Isis, Delph Map, and TNT Mips method, individual tracklines were replayed and bottom tracking of the sonar was supervised to aid in proper slant-range correction. Line files were snipped to remove portions with poor imagery from the beginning and (or) end of the trackline. Tracklines were then corrected for slant-range and layback, and the position data for each line was smoothed using a speed filter. Each line was then gridded, georeferenced, and exported from Isis Sonar/Delph Map in GeoTIFF format. Individual trackline TIFF images were imported into TNT Mips GIS software and areas of poor image quality were extracted and removed. Individual tracklines were then overlaid to produce a mosaic image. Geotiffs were exported from TNT Mips, imported into a GIS and converted to GRIDs at 2-m spatial resolution (California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab, 2015) 2012 Carrie Bretz Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay Projects Manager, GIS & Metadata Supervisor mailing and physical address

100 Campus Center, Bldg 13

Seaside CA 93955 USA 831.582.4197 carrie_bretz@csumb.edu California Seafloor Mapping Project 1- or 2-m resolution backscatter imagery within the Offshore of Monterey map area were downloaded from California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (http://seafloor.csumb.edu/SFMLwebDATA.htm) and converted to grids. Backscatter grids from similar mapping systems were merged together in a GIS and clipped to the boundary of the map area. Grids from different mapping systems were not merged together due to different mapping frequencies and processing techniques. Grids were downsampled to 2-m resolution and projected horizontally to WGS-84 using ESRI ArcTools. 2015 Peter Dartnell U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Physical Scientist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission St.

Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA 831-460-7415 pdartnell@usgs.gov Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. 20171005 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. 20180426 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed 20211014 U.S. Geological Survey Susan A. Cochran Geologist Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Edits were made to bring the metadata up to current PCMSC standards including standardizing authors' names, adding a doi# link, correcting typos, refining keywords, and using current access and distribution liability statements. Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information sections were changed to static PCMSC contact information. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. 20220520 U.S. Geological Survey Susan A. Cochran Geologist Mailing and Physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 5012 7512 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 10 0.9996 -123.00000 0.00000 500000.0 0.00 coordinate pair 2.0 2.0 Meters WGS84 WGS84 6378137.00 298.257223563 Value Backscatter [7125] intensity value ESRI VALUE Backscatter intensity values ESRI 1 254 Floating point values representing intensity The Reson 7125 acoustic-backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: >Cell size = 2.0 >Number of rows = 5012 >Number of columns = 7512 > >Data type = floating point > >Boundary >Xmin = 590098 >Xmax = 605122 >Ymin = 4051200 >Ymax = 4061224 > >Statistics >Minimum value = 1 >Maximum value = 254 >Mean = 115.57 >Standard deviation = 36.61 > >Coordinate system description >Projection UTM >Zone 10 >Datum WGS84 >Units meter none U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

345 Middlefield Rd

Menlo Park CA 94025-3561 USA (650) 329-4309 These databases, identified as acoustic-backscatter maps of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although these databases have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. These data are not intended for navigational use. TIFF ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI, 2011) Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum WGS84. The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and FGDC-compliant metadata for the Backscatter [7125] data layer of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California. WinZip 17.7 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56d0a7e3e4b015c306ee9961 https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ Data can be downloaded using the Network Resource links. The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog. none The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, OffshoreMontereyGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Offshore of Monterey map area" and has all the data symbolized as on the data release map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS. 20220520 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time