Mercedes D. Erdey
Guy R. Cochrane
2016
Seafloor character, 2-m-resolution grid--Offshore of Monterey, California
GeoTiff
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/OffshoreMonterey/data_catalog_OffshoreMonterey.html
Nadine E. Golden
2015
California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
database
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
This part of DS 781 presents data for the seafloor-character map of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California. Seafloor-character data are provided as two separate grids depending on resolution of the mapping system and processing method. The raster data file is included in "SeafloorCharacter_2m_OffshoreMonterey.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1110, pamphlet 44 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110.
This raster-format seafloor-character map shows four substrate classes in the Offshore of Monterey map area, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been colored to indicate which of the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes they belong: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), Depth Zone 5 (deeper than 200 m), Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees; flat), and Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees; sloping). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), and Slopes Classes 3 and 4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in this map area. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), using multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data collected and processed between 1998 and 2014.
Bathymetry data were collected at two different resolutions: at 2-m resolution, down to approximately 90-m water depth (1998-2012 CSUMB and MBARI data); and at 5-m resolution, in the deeper areas (1998-2012 MBARI data). The final resolution of the seafloor-character map is determined by the resolution of both the backscatter and bathymetry datasets; therefore, separate seafloor-character maps were generated to retain the maximum resolution of the source data.
Reference Cited:
Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf.
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify local seafloor character.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
1998
2014
ground condition
As needed
-122.064886
-121.811775
36.692799
36.532722
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:7188e403-5a46-434e-8367-1a9af5782448
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Bathymetry
Seafloor Topography
None
Seafloor Character
Fisheries
Ecosystem
Multibeam
Geology
Bathymetry
Backscatter
Intensity
Ocean Floor Topography
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
CMHRP
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
environment
oceans
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Data Categories for Marine Planning
distributions
substrate
USGS Thesaurus
sea-floor characteristics
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Marine Nearshore Subtidal
Marine Offshore Subtidal
Transform Continental Margin
Continental/Island Shelf
Rock Substrate
Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Pacific Ocean
State of California
Monterey
Monterey County
Seaside
Marina
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Northern California Ecoregion
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Substrate
None
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cf5fc5e4b015c306ed183c?name=SeafloorCharacter_2m_OffshoreMonterey.jpg&allowOpen=true
Seafloor character types of the Offshore of Monterey map area, classified from 2-m-resolution data.
JPEG
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.0
Johnson, S.Y.
Dartnell, P.
Hartwell, S.R.
Cochrane, G.R.
Golden, N.E.
Watt, J.T.
Davenport, C.W.
Kvitek, R.G.
Erdey, M.D.
Krisgman, L.M.
Sliter, R.W.
Maier, K.L.
2016
California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Monterey, California
Open-File Report
2016-1110
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110
Pixel resolution 2 m.
Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise.
Total coverage for the survey area is 100 percent. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets.
Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, (<http://www8.garmin.com/specs/GPSMAP76C_76CSspec.pdf>).
Peter Dartnell
Rikk G. Kvitek
2016
Bathymetry--Offshore of Monterey, California
raster digital data
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for "Bathymetry_2m_OffshoreMonterey" and "Bathymetry_5m_OffshoreMonterey" in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8
digital files of gridded bathymetry data (ArcInfo GRID)
1998
2012
ground condition
bathymetry
Gridded bathymetry data at 2- and 5-meter resolution used to help with geologic and geomorphologic interpretations.
Peter Dartnell
Rikk G. Kvitek
2016
Backscatter--Offshore of Monterey, California
raster digital data
Data Series
DS 781
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
See metadata for "Backscatter_5M_OffshoreMonterey" "Backscatter_7125_OffshoreMonterey" "Backscatter_8101_OffshoreMonterey" and "Backscatter_Swath_OffshoreMonterey" in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information.
https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8
digital files of gridded amplitude (backscatter) data (ArcInfo GRID)
2006
2007
ground condition
backscatter
Gridded amplitude data at 1- and 5-meter resolution used to help with geologic and geomorphologic interpretations.
Jane A. Reid
Jamey M. Reid
Chris J. Jenkins
Mark Zimmerman
S. Jeffress Williams
Michael E. Field
2006
usSEABED—Pacific Coast (California, Oregon, Washington) offshore surficial-sediment data release
Data Series
DS 182
Menlo Park, CA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds182
Esri project files, csv files
2006
publication date
sediment
seafloor sediment and rock samples used to interpret seafloor geology
Nadine E. Golden
Guy R. Cochran
2013
California Seafloor Mapping Program video and photograph portal
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7J1015K
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J1015K
seafloor video and photographs
2013
publication date
imagery
seafloor video and photographs used to interpret seafloor geology
The seafloor-character map was produced using video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008), available at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf.
The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity. Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool. Bathymetry data were collected at two different resolutions: at 2-m resolution, down to approximately 90-m water depth (1998-2012 CSUMB and MBARI data); and at 5-m resolution, in the deeper areas (1998-2012 MBARI data). The final resolution of the seafloor-character map is determined by the resolution of both the backscatter and bathymetry datasets; therefore, separate seafloor-character maps were generated to retain the maximum resolution of the source data.
Classes I, II and III values were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV values were determined on the basis of visual characteristics using both bathymetry and backscatter (slight depression in the seafloor, very high backscatter return). The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The four seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (deeper than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees; flat), or Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees; sloping). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees to 60 degrees; steeply sloping), Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees; vertical), or Slope Class 5 (greater than 90 degrees; overhang) are not present in the region covered by the 2-m-resolution grid for the Offshore of Monterey map area.
2016
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
20171005
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata.
20180426
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
20201019
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed
20211014
U.S. Geological Survey
Susan A. Cochran
Geologist
Mailing and Physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7545
scochran@usgs.gov
Edits were made to bring the metadata up to current PCMSC standards including standardizing authors' names, adding a doi# link, correcting typos, refining keywords, and using current access and distribution liability statements. Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information sections were changed to static PCMSC contact information. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version.
20220520
U.S. Geological Survey
Susan A. Cochran
Geologist
Mailing and Physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7545
scochran@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
8201
10469
1
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N
0.9996
-123.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
2.0
2.0
Meter
NAD 1983
GRS80
6378137.0
298.257223563
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
2.0
meters
Attribute values
SeafloorCharacter_2m_OffshoreMonterey.tif.vat
The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project.
ESRI
OID
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
VALUE
This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting four substrate classes (I-IV) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; and Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value.
ESRI
1
123
Integers 1 - 123 representing seafloor character classes.
COUNT
The number of pixels (2 m x 2 m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE).
ESRI
80
12559660
each
SLOPE
The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), or 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees).
USGS
1
2
Integer value 1 or 2 representing slope class of 0-30 degrees as described above.
DEPTH_ZONE
The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; and Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m, Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008).
USGS
2
5
Integer values 2-5 representing slope classes as described above.
SUBSTRATE
Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium- to coarse- grained sediment; Class 5, Hard anthropogenic material
USGS
1
4
Integer values 1-4 representing substrate classes as described above.
SUBST_DESC
Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium to coarse grained (in scour depressions)
USGS
Names are in text form, maximum length: 50
FULL_DESC
Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, Very high backscatter, low rugosity; typically medium- to coarse-grained, with some shell hash in shallow depressions; Class 5, High backscatter, low rugosity; related to development by humans.
USGS
Names are in text form, maximum length: 250
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
345 Middlefield Rd
Menlo Park
CA
94025-3561
USA
(650) 329-4309
These databases, identified as seafloor character maps of the Offshore of Monterey map area, California, have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although these databases have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
These data are not intended for navigational use.
TIFF
ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI , 2011)
Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum WGS84.
The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and FGDC-compliant metadata for the Seafloor Character 2-m-resolution data layer of Offshore of Monterey map area, California.
WinZip
1.8
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56d0c74de4b015c306ee9b22
https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/
Data can be downloaded using the Network Resource links. The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog.
none
The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, OffshoreMontereyGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Offshore of Monterey map area" and has all the data symbolized as on the data release map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS.
20220520
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time