Mercedes D. Erdey Guy R. Cochrane 2015 GeoTiff Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/MontereyCanyon/data_catalog_MontereyCanyon.html Nadine E. Golden 2016 database Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 This part of DS 781 presents the seafloor-character map of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California. The raster data file is included in "SeafloorCharacter_2m_MontereyCanyon.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Dartnell, P., Maier, K.L., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Ritchie, A.C., Finlayson, D.P., Kvitek, R.G., Sliter, R.W., Greene, H.G., Davenport, C.W., Endris, C.A., and Krigsman, L.M. (P. Dartnell and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series—Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1072, 48 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161072. This raster-format seafloor character map shows five substrate classes in Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California. The substrate classes mapped in this area have been further divided into the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), and Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees). Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slopes Classes 3-4 (greater than 30 degrees) are not present in the region covered by this block. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), with multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data collected and processed between 1998 and 2014, along with ground-truth verification from underwater video and sediment samples. Reference Cited: Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf. To expand geologic mapping to the seafloor within the California's State Waters, to update coastal geologic mapping, and to contribute to a uniform regional geologic database. Additionally, to provide a geologic map for the public and geoscience community to aid in assessments and mitigation of geologic hazards in the Monterey Bay and Vicinity region and to provide sufficient geologic information for land-use and land-management decisions both onshore and offshore. Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=S709MB https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=S2210MB Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. 1998 2014 ground condition Complete As needed -122.10 -121.73 36.85 36.68 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:556f92cae4b0d9246a9fd0c2 Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Bathymetry Seafloor Topography Acoustic Reflectivity Data Categories for Marine Planning distributions physical habitats and geomorphology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords seabed multibeam echo sounder USGS Thesaurus sonar methods image mosaics interferometric sonar marine geophysics sea-floor characteristics sea-floor acoustic reflectivity maps and atlases geospatial datasets None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Marine Nearshore Subtidal Marine Offshore Subtidal Transform Continental Margin Continental/Island Shelf Rock Substrate Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment oceans imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Pacific Ocean State of California Moss Landing Monterey County None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5570970be4b0d9246a9fd28a?name=SeafloorCharacter_2m_MontereyCanyon.jpg&allowOpen=true Seafloor character types of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, 2m resolution. JPEG Peter Dartnell Katherine L. Maier Mercedes D. Erdey Nadine E. Golden Bryan E. Dieter Nadine E. Golden Samuel Y. Johnson Stephen R. Hartwell Guy R. Cochrane Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek Ray W. Sliter H. Gary Greene Clifton W. Davenport Charles A. Endris Lisa M. Krigsman 2012 pamphlet and map sheets Open-File Report 2016-1072 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161072 Guy R. Cochrane 2008 document Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf. http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf J.M. Sappington K.M. Longshore D.B. Thompson 2007 document Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1419-1426. Pixel resolution 2 m Classification was done on the basis of training samples delineated by interpreter. The classification was performed using mathematical algorithms then hand-edited by the interpreter to remove noise. Total coverage for the survey area is 100%. Survey area is defined by coverage of both the multibeam bathymetry and backscatter datasets. Positional information reflects the position of the camera and was collected using a still photo camera, WAAS-enabled GSP unit, recording at between 1 to 2 nm. DGPS (WAAS) accuracy for position is less than 3 meters. (From Garmin GPSMAP 76C/76CS Specifications, M01-10108-00, Rev0304, (http://www8.garmin.com/specs/GPSMAP76C_76CSspec.pdf). Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BathymetryA_2m_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded bathymetry data (ArcInfo GRID) 1998 2014 ground condition 2m bathymetry Gridded bathymetry data Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BathymetryB_5m_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded bathymetry data (ArcInfo GRID) 1998 2009 ground condition 5m bathymetry Gridded bathymetry data Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BackscatterA_USGS_Swath_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded amplitude data (ArcInfo GRID) 2009 2014 ground condition backscatterA Gridded amplitude data Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BackscatterB_EM300_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded amplitude data (ArcInfo GRID) 2009 2014 ground condition backscatterB Gridded amplitude data Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BackscatterC_7125_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded amplitude data (ArcInfo GRID) 2008 2009 ground condition backscatterC Gridded amplitude data Peter Dartnell Andrew C. Ritchie David P. Finlayson Rikk G. Kvitek 2016 raster digital data Data Series DS 781 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See metadata for ("BackscatterD_CSUMB_Swath_MontereyCanyon_metadata.txt") in DS 781 for amplitude source data and postprocessing/reprocessing information. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ digital file of gridded amplitude data (ArcInfo GRID) 2008 2009 ground condition backscatterD Gridded amplitude data Jane A. Reid Jamey M. Reid Chris J. Jenkins Mark Zimmerman S. Jeffress Williams Michael E. Field 2006 Data Series DS 182 Menlo Park, CA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/182/ Esri project files, csv files 2006 publication date sediment seafloor sediment and rock samples used to interpret seafloor geology Nadine E. Golden Guy R. Cochran 2013 data release DOI:10.5066/F7J1015K Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J1015K seafloor video and photographs 2013 publication date imagery seafloor video and photographs used to interpret seafloor geology The seafloor-character map was produced using a video-supervised maximum likelihood classification of the bathymetry and intensity of return from sonar systems. The classification was supervised using signatures defined by hand-drawn polygons located through sediment samples and video-observation ground truthing applying methodology described in Cochrane (2008). The two variants used in this classification were backscatter intensity and derivative rugosity. Rugosity measures terrain ruggedness as the variation in three-dimensional orientation of grid cells within a neighborhood. Vector analysis is used to calculate the dispersion of vectors normal (orthogonal) to grid cells within the specified neighborhood. This method effectively captures variability in slope and aspect into a single measure. Ruggedness values in the output raster map can range from 0 (no terrain variation) to 1 (complete terrain variation). The calculation was performed using the Terrain Ruggedness (VRM) tool (for details, see Sappington and others, 2007). Classes I, II and III values were delineated using multivariate analysis. Class IV (mobile sedimentary features) values were determined on the basis of visual characteristics using both bathymetry and backscatter (slight depression in the seafloor, very high backscatter return). Class V (hard anthropogenic material) values were determined on the basis of their visual characteristics and the known location of man-made features. The resulting map (gridded at 2 m) was cleaned by hand to remove data-collection artifacts (for example trackline nadir). Editing was performed in Photoshop, with which individual pixels were selected and values adjusted to remove noise. Selection occurred without antialiasing, and the resulting grid was identical but for the edited pixels. The five seafloor classes were then colored to indicate which of the five California MLPA depth zones they are located in: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), or Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m). These were further subdivided into one of the following slope classes: Slope Class 1 (0 degrees - 5 degrees), Slope Class 2 (5 degrees - 30 degrees), Slope Class 3 (30 degrees - 60 degrees), or Slope Class 4 (60 degrees - 90 degrees). Depth Zone 1-2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slopes Classes 2-4 (greater than 5 degrees) are not present in the region covered by the 2-m resolution dataset of this block. 2m bathymetry 5m bathymetry backscatterA backscatterB backscatterC backscatterD sediment imagery 200910 Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. Information for accompanying Open-File Report added to Abstract and Cross Reference sections. Point of Contact information was updated. Keywords were added and refined. Details about different Network Resource Name links was given in the Access Instructions section. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed. 20181127 Susan A Cochran U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

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Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed 20220405 U.S. Geological Survey Susan A. Cochran Geologist Mailing and Physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 19666 16371 1 NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N 0.9996 -123.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 2.0 2.0 Meter NAD 1983 GRS80 6378137.0 298.257223563 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 2.0 meters Attribute values SeafloorCharacter_2m_MontereyCanyon.tif.vat The shapefile attributes include VALUE - code for the seafloor character classes, COUNT - number of pixels, SLOPE - slope classes, DEPTH_ZONE - depth zones, SUBSTRATE - substrate classes, SUBST_DESC - short description of substrate classes, and FULL_DESC - detailed description of substrate classes. The shapefile can be added to any ESRI ArcMap project. ESRI Rowid Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. VALUE This seafloor-character class was produced using video-supervised maximum-likelihood classification of the bathymetry and backscatter (intensity of return) signals from sonar systems. Derivative roughness (rugosity) and backscatter intensity were used as variants in the classification. The resulting five substrate classes (1-5) were divided into the Depth Zones (see Attribute: DEPTH_ZONE) by adding to the original grid value in increments of 10. Depth Zone 2, add 0 to grid value; Depth Zone 3, add 10 to grid value; Depth Zone 4, add 20 to grid value; and Depth Zone 5, add 30 to grid value. The resulting grid was further classified into Slope Classes (see Attribute: SLOPE) by adding to the classified raster values (including depth zones) in increments of 50. Slope Class 1, add 0 to grid value; Slope Class 2, add 50 to grid value; Slope Class 3, add 100 to grid value; and Slope Class 4, add 150 to grid value. ESRI 1 73 Integers 1 - 73 representing seafloor character classes. COUNT The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each seafloor class (see Attribute: VALUE). ESRI 111 26815640 Integers 111 - 26815640 pixel count. SLOPE The slope zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as higher slopes along rock outcrops). Slope class values are: 1 (flat; 0 degrees to 5 degrees), 2 (sloping; 5 degrees to 30 degrees), 3 (steeply sloping; 30 degrees to 60 degrees), or 4 (vertical; 60 degrees to 90 degrees), or 5 (overhang; greater than 90 degrees). USGS 1 2 Integer value 1 or 2 representing slope class of 0-30 degrees as described above. DEPTH_ZONE The depth zones for the final seafloor-character map grid were identified on the basis of the smoothed bathymetry grid. The smoothing was done by applying focal statistics to the original bathymetry grid. The tool uses a moving window and calculates the mean value of the central pixel within a circular neighborhood of 20 m radius along the whole raster map. The resulting raster map represents a smoothed value highlighting overall trends and eliminates local varieties in the terrain (such as varying depths along rock outcrops). Depth Zone values are: Depth Zone 1, intertidal; Depth Zone 2, intertidal to 30 m; Depth Zone 3, 30 to 100 m; Depth Zone 4, 100 to 200 m; and Depth Zone 5, deeper than 200 m (California Department of Fish and Game, 2008). USGS 2 4 Integer values 2-4 representing slope classes as described above. SUBSTRATE Coded values of the substrate classes. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium- to coarse- grained sediment; Class 5, Hard anthropogenic material USGS 1 5 Integer values 1-5 representing substrate classes as described above. SUBST_DESC Summary description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Fine- to medium-grained smooth sediment; Class 2, Mixed smooth sediment and rock; Class 3, Rock and boulder, rugose; Class 4, Medium to coarse grained, rippled (Mobile Sed Features); Class 5, Hard anthropogenic material USGS Names are in text form, maximum length: 50 FULL_DESC Detailed description of the four substrate classes coded by the attribute SUBSTRATE. Class 1, Low backscatter, low rugosity, typically mud to medium-grained sand, often rippled and/or burrowed; Class 2, Moderate to very high backscatter, low rugosity, typically coarse-grained sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock; Class 3, High backscatter, and high rugosity, typically boulder and rugose bedrock; Class 4, Very high backscatter, low rugosity; typically medium- to coarse-grained, rippled sediment with some shell hash in shallow depressions; Class 5, High backscatter, low rugosity; related to development by humans USGS Names are in text form, maximum length: 250 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The .zip file includes the .tfw, .tif, .tif.aux.xml, and .tif.ovr, files, as well as FGDC-compliant metadata for the Seafloor Character 2m data layer in the Monterey Canyon and Vicinity region of California. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. TIFF ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI , 2011) Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum NAD83. The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and the text (.txt) and XML (.tif.xml) versions of the metadata for the Seafloor Character 2m data layer of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California. WinZip 1.8 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/556f92cae4b0d9246a9fd0c2 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/MontereyCanyon/data_catalog_MontereyCanyon.html https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781 The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog. none The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, MontereyCanyonGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Monterey Canyon" and has all the data symbolized as on the data release map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS. 20220405 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 universal time