U.S. Geological Survey
2015
Shorelines for the northern Alaska coastal region used in shoreline change analysis, 1947 to 2012
vector digital data
Open-File Report
2015-1030
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz and Menlo Park, CA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/downloads/EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
Ann E. Gibbs
2015
National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian Border to Icy Cape
Website
Open-File Report
2015-1030
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/
The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native American communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the north coast of Alaska is chronic, widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project.
There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner.
This dataset includes shorelines from ranging from 1947 to 2012 for the north coast of Alaska between the U.S.-Canadian Border and Icy Cape. Shorelines were compiled from T-sheets (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), aerial orthophotographs (U.S. Geological Survey, ConocoPhillips and BP-Alaska), QuickBird satellite imagery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and lidar (U.S. Geological Survey). Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. These data are used to calculate rates of shoreline change for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Assessment Project.
Rates of shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates.
1947
2012
ground condition
None planned
-161.954353051
-156.475510823
71.389682113
70.2327821789
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:f0706ffb-284d-4854-a4c4-b44acfebdaea
None
Shoreline
Shoreline Change Rate
Endpoint Rate
Digital Shoreline Analysis System
DSAS
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAA
Coastal Services Center
CSC
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
environment
geoscientificInformation
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
effects of coastal change
coastal processes
shoreline accretion
shoreline erosion
USGS Thesaurus
coastal processes
erosion
shoreline accretion
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Continental/Island Shore Complex
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
North Slope
Beaufort Sea
Barrow
Demarcation Bay
Jago River
Staines River
Sagavanirktok River
Colville River
Cape Halkett
Harrison Bay
Drew Point
Tangent Point
Smith Bay
Elson Lagoon
Peard Bay
Alaska
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
General
United States
Arctic
National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
NPR-A
ANWR
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Chukchi Sea Ecoregion
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Substrate
None
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
U.S. Geological Survey
Ann E. Gibbs
mailing and physical address
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
400 Natural Bridges Dr.
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
USA
831-460-7540
831-427-4748
agibbs@usgs.gov
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.1 (Build 3035) Service Pack 1 (Build 3143)
Ann E. Gibbs
Bruce M. Richmond
2015
National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian Border to Icy Cape
Open-File Report
2015-1030
Santa Cruz, CA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/
E.R. Thieler
E.A. Himmelstoss
J.L. Zichichi
A. Ergul
2009
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change
Open-File Report
2008-1278
Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Current version at time of use was 4.3
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/version4/index.html
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS)
Unknown
Scanned National Ocean Service (NOS) Coastal Survey Maps (also known as Topographic Survey sheets, or T-sheets)
NOAA shoreline manuscripts (T-sheets)
unknown
Washington, D.C.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning 65 years. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures.
Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty calculations included in the corresponding report.
This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards.
Shoreline data have been acquired from 1947 to 2012, the horizontal accuracy of which varies with respect to data source from which the shorelines were digitized and the time period. Shorelines digitized from the 1940s T-sheets have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 16 meters. Shorelines generated from 1997-2007 orthophotos have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 3-4 meters. Shorelines generated from 2003 QuickBird imagery, 2002 and 2005 USGS Digital Orthophoto Quarter-Quadrangles(DOQQs), and 2010-2012 lidar data have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 6 meters. Please visit the ?Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in the corresponding USGS Open-File Report (Gibbs and others, 2014; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/)for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines.
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
Shoreline data were sought in an effort to compile as many quality shorelines as possible for the region. T-sheets were obtained from NOAA as scanned raster images. Aerial photos were acquired from USGS Alaska Science Center, ConocoPhillips, and BP-Alaska. QuickBird satellite imagery was acquired from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Lidar data were acquired from USGS.
2009
T-sheets were geo-registered using Esri ArcMap software (v.9.3) by placing 8-20 well-spaced ground control points (GCP) at gridline intersections and applying a third order polynomial transformation. Some T-sheets may have required additional coordinate transformation information from NOAA to account for datum offsets between historical datums (USSD) and modern datums (NAD27 or NAD83). Datum transformations were applied to GCP coordinates prior to registration. Total RMS error for the rectification process was maintained below 0.0001 degrees, which is approximately 11 m at this latitude. Typically the resulting RMSE was much lower than 0.0001 degree.
2009
Vector shorelines were digitized from all data sources using standard editing tools in ArcMap v9.3. Quality assessments were performed and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines.
2010
T-sheet derived shorelines were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) Data Management Tools >; Projections and Transformations >; Feature >; Project. Parameters: input projection = geographic (NAD 83); output projection = UTM zone XN (NAD 83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone).
2010
Shorelines from all sources were merged in Esri?s ArcToolbox; Data Management Tools > General > Merge to produce a single shoreline file for each UTM zone. The final shoreline dataset was coded with attribute fields Date_, Uncy, Default_D, Year_, Source, Source_a, and Shape_Leng.
2011
The appended shoreline file was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v9.3 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import (feature class) for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v4.3 software to perform rate calculations.
2012
The shoreline feature class was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a shapefile in Esri?s ArcCatalog v10.1 by right-clicking on the shoreline file > Export > To Shapefile (single) for publication purposes.
2014
The data were projected in Esri?s ArcToolbox v10.1 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection = UTM zone XN (NAD83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone); output projection = geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983.
2014
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
20170207
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata.
20180426
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
20201019
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Vector
String
164
0.0196083139
0.0572155717
Decimal seconds
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.0
298.257223563
Attribute Table
Table containing attribute information associated with the data set.
Producer defined
Date_
Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material. A default date of 07/01 was assigned to shorelines where only the year was known (month and day unknown). Using July, the mid-point month of the calendar year, minimizes the potential offset to the actual shoreline date by a maximum of six months.
U.S. Geological Survey
06/21/2010
Unknown
Producer defined
07/01/1949
Unknown
Producer defined
07/24/2010
Unknown
Producer defined
07/25/2005
Unknown
Producer defined
08/01/1947
Unknown
Producer defined
08/02/2010
Unknown
Producer defined
08/12/2012
Unknown
Producer defined
09/12/2011
Unknown
Producer defined
Uncy
Estimate of total estimated shoreline position uncertainty. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). The uncertainty was determined by the equation in USGS Open-File Report (OFR) 2015-1030 (cross-referenced in this metadata file).
U.S. Geological Survey
6
16
Default_D
Differentiates between shorelines that have known month and day attributes and those that use the default value of 07/01 when only the year is known.
U.S. Geological Survey
0
Shoreline month and day are known
Producer defined
1
Shoreline month and day are unknown and default value of 07/01 was used
Producer defined
Year_
Four digit year of shoreline
U.S. Geological Survey
1947
2012
Source
Agency that provided shoreline feature and the data source used to digitize shoreline feature.
U.S. Geological Survey
Alaska SDMI orthoimagery
State of Alaska Digital Mapping Initiative orthoimagery (http://www.alaskamapped.org/ortho/)
Producer defined
NOAA Nautical Chart
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Nautical Charts
Producer defined
NOAA T-Sheet
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Topographic Sheets
Producer defined
USGS - DOQQs
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quandragle orthophotgraphy
Producer defined
USGS - lidar
U.S. Geological Survey northern Alaska coastal lidar elevation data
Producer defined
Source_a
Specific source ID of data used used to digitize shoreline feature.
U.S. Geological Survey
Unknown
Shape_Leng
Length of feature in meters units
Esri
107.402945742
69570.3592386
The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set.
The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
400 Natural Bridges Dr.
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
USA
831-460-7540
831-427-4748
EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
This information is not intended for navigational purposes.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
vector digital data
9.0
Esri polyline shapefile
This WinZip file contains a shapefile of historic shorelines from 1947 to 2012 for the shorelines of the Alaska North Coast region from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape and associated metadata.
Use WinZip or pkUnzip
0.418
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/downloads/EastChukchi_shorelines.zip
Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW).
None
This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com.
20201019
Ann E. Gibbs
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
400 Natural Bridges Dr.
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
USA
831-460-7540
831-427-4748
agibbs@usgs.gov
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time