k183ar.m77t - MGD77 data file for Geophysical data from field activity K-1-83-AR in Arctic from 07/22/1983 to 08/03/1983

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
k183ar.m77t - MGD77 data file for Geophysical data from field activity K-1-83-AR in Arctic from 07/22/1983 to 08/03/1983
Abstract:
Single-beam bathymetry data along with DGPS navigation data was collected as part of field activity K-1-83-AR in Arctic from 07/22/1983 to 08/03/1983, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/k/k183ar/html/k-1-83-ar.meta.html The geophysical source was a Knudsen 12 kHz 320B/R echosounder. These data are reformatted from space-delimited ASCII text files located in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) InfoBank field activity catalog at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/k/k183ar/html/k-1-83-ar.bath.html into MGD77T format provided by the NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC). The MGD77T format includes a header (documentation) file (.h77t) and a data file (.m77t). More information regarding this format can be found in the publication listed in the Cross_reference section of this metadata file.
Supplemental_Information:
The navigation data are digitally collected using a Satellite Integrated Navigation (SINS) system. The system is a space-based satellite navigation maintained by the United States government and is accessible using a satellite receiver. This system provides navigational accuracy of approximately 200 m.The Data Acquistion, Processing, and Storage (DAPS) group performs a number of processing steps to the navigation data once it is collected which can vary by cruise. These steps are outlined within the header information in each individual digital navigation (.05x) space-delimited ASCII data file. The header information rows are indicated by lines beginning with the character "!". There is no information on how the single-beam bathymetry, gravity, and magnetic data were collected. For each data gathering cruise leg, the available data in the following categories are forwarded to NGDC: navigation, gravity, magnetics, bathymetry, and seismic shot points. The available data for each cruise leg are re-formatted and combined into the Marine Geophysical Data Exchange Format (MGD77) and into the internal NGDC SEIS-NAV format by USGS using several USGS developed FORTRAN programs.The FORTRAN programs sample the navigation to every integer minute of the cruise. When necessary, the latitudes and longitudes are linearly interpolated. If the time between the actual navigation fixes exceeds five minutes, no data are included in the MGD77 file.To build the MGD77 file, gravity, magnetics, and bathymetry are added to this sampled navigation. When necessary, gravity, magnetics, and bathymetry data are linearly interpolated if the time between the actual data samples does not exceed five minutes. If a time gap exceeds this, the data are not reported.The navigation data are merged with the seismic shot point data in a SEIS- NAV format file. For this file, navigation data are interpolated for each shot point. Both types of files are written to magnetic tape and sent to NGDC.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, and Coastal and Marine Geology Program, 2013, k183ar.m77t - MGD77 data file for Geophysical data from field activity K-1-83-AR in Arctic from 07/22/1983 to 08/03/1983: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Steele, Wm. Clinton, Degnan, Carolyn H., Deeter, Gary B., and Riordan, Jean A., 1980, DESCRIPTION OF MARINE GEOPHYSICAL DATA COLLECTED BY THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND HOW TO OBTAIN IT: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 167, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -151.77542
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.30392
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.62410
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.36541
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 22-Jul-1983
    Ending_Date: 03-Aug-1983
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tab-delimited ASCII text files
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Arctic
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.25722210100002.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    k183ar.m77t
    MGD77T single-beam bathymetry data file for K183AR (Source: NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center, See Hittelman and others (2010) Cross_Reference section above for details about the MGD77T format and citation information.)
    SURVEY_ID
    Survey identifier supplied by the contributing organization (Source: NGDC) This identifier varies in format and is supplied by the contributing organization
    TIMEZONE
    Time-zone correction (Source: NGDC) In our datasets, no correction was applied. All values equal 0.
    DATE
    YYYYMMDD (Source: NGDC)
    Range of values
    Minimum:19830722
    Maximum:19830801
    Units:Year, month, day
    TIME
    Time (Source: NGDC)
    Range of values
    Minimum:842
    Maximum:1946
    Units:hours and decimal minutes
    LAT
    Latitude (Source: World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System)
    Range of values
    Minimum:70.36559
    Maximum:70.62371
    Units:decimal degrees
    LON
    Longitude (Source: World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-151.7753
    Maximum:-148.30392
    Units:decimal degrees
    POS_TYPE
    Indicates how lat/lon was obtained (Source: NGDC)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:3
    Units:1 = observed fix, 3 = interpolated fix, nil = unspecified
    BAT_TTIME
    Bathymetry, 2-way travel time (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.002
    Maximum:0.016
    Units:seconds
    CORR_DEPTH
    Bathymetry, corrected depth (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.5
    Maximum:12
    Units:decimal meters
    BAT_CPCO
    Bathymetric Correction code - details the procedure used for determining the sound velocity correction to depth (Source: NGDC)
    Range of values
    Minimum:63
    Maximum:63
    Units:01-55 Matthews' Zones with zone , 59 Matthews' Zones, no zone specified, 60 S. Kuwahara Formula, 61 Wilson Formula, 62 Del Grosso Formula, 63 Carter's Tables, 88 Other (see Add. Doc.), 97 Computed using 1500 meters/sec, 98 Unknown if Corrected, 99 Unspecified
    BAT_TYPCO
    Bathymetry type code - indicates how the bathymetric value was obtained (Source: NGDC)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:3
    Units:1 - Observed, 3 - Interpolated (Header Seq. 12), 9 - Unspecified
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Bathymetry and navigation data for U.S. Geological Survey bathymetry survey K183AR in MGD77T format.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Attributes are obtained from MGD77T data files created from the navigation and bathymetry best files. MGD77T is the standard, defined data format used for geophysical data in the National Geophysical Data Center. See Cross_Reference section above for citation details.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
    • Coastal and Marine Geology Program
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Erk Reimnitz (Chief Scientist, USGS Western Region)
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Gregory K. Miller
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Physical Scientist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 803-8747, ext. 3020 (voice)
    gmiller@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data and information are intended for science researchers,students, policy makers, and general public. These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. The data are reformatted into MGD77T standard format for inclusion into NOAA's NGDC geophysical database. From there the data will be made available to GeoMapApp ( http://www.geomapapp.org/ ) and Virtual Ocean ( http://www.virtualocean.org/ ) Earth-browsing software. Access to the data is also provided via the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System ( http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/ ).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 06-Dec-1995 (process 1 of 5)
    Navigation Data >Converted to time format with year at start. > >05/01/85 BARB USR$DISK:[DRS.DATA.K183AR.N]K183AR.652; >USR$DISK:[DRS.REFMT]REFORMAT.EXE;4 >This file consists of 4 study areas: Thetis Island(2031524200-2041751050), >Atigaru(2061312150-2091254200), Reindeer Island(2111106150-2111446200), >Brower(2311215000-2131703000). > Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
    Attn: Carolyn H. Degnan
    Geophysicist
    USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    (831) 460-7452 (voice)
    (831) 427-4748 (FAX)
    infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
    Date: 31-Oct-1998 (process 2 of 5)
    Bathymetry Data >10/31/1998 /tiger/k/k183ar/bath/k-1-83-ar.305_652 >/bear/programs/edit/automerge/automerge > >Input was... >Converted to time format with year at start. > >05/20/85 BECKIE USR$DISK:[DRS.DATA.K183AR.B]K183AR.305; >USR$DISK:[DRS.DATA.K183AR.B]K183FNG.EXE; >File contains 3 survey areas, Fingershoals(2061302000-2081325480), >Reindeer Island(2111106336-2111446210),& Gouge(2281408066-2281441000). >This file is hand-digetized bathymetry in meters. The >letters and plus signs associated with the depths for Fingershoals are >meaningful to the Karluk scientists. >The following information was taken from a file called k183ar.bat. > >k183fs = 1983 Fingershoals Survey. This year the survey was run on two days, >July 25, and 27. Good coverage was made as the passes were about 100 meters >apart. The record was corrected for tidal affects throughout during the >digitizing process. In the file below, short comments were added in the >depth column indicating the occurrance of either ridge crest or trough (+ = >symmetrical ridge crest, B = crest offset to left of center, A = crest >offset to the right of center). > >Input was... >Converted to time format with year at start. > >05/01/85 BARB USR$DISK:[DRS.DATA.K183AR.N]K183AR.652; >USR$DISK:[DRS.REFMT]REFORMAT.EXE;4 >This file consists of 4 study areas: Thetis Island(2031524200-2041751050), >Atigaru(2061312150-2091254200), Reindeer Island(2111106150-2111446200), >Brower(2311215000-2131703000). > >time, lat, long, time(sec) to nearest nav fix, data values Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
    Attn: Carolyn H. Degnan
    Geophysicist
    USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    (831) 460-7452 (voice)
    (831) 427-4748 (FAX)
    infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jun-2012 (process 3 of 5)
    MGD77 file creation - The available data for each cruise leg are re-formatted and combined into the Marine Geophysical Data Exchange Format (MGD77) and into the internal NGDC SEIS-NAV format by USGS using several USGS developed FORTRAN programs.The FORTRAN programs sample the navigation to every integer minute of the cruise. When necessary, the latitudes and longitudes are linearly interpolated. If the time between the actual navigation fixes exceeds five minutes, no data are included in the MGD77 file.To build the MGD77 file, gravity, magnetics, and bathymetry are added to this sampled navigation. When necessary, gravity, magnetics, and bathymetry data are linearly interpolated if the time between the actual data samples does not exceed five minutes. If a time gap exceeds this, the data are not reported.The navigation data are merged with the seismic shot point data in a SEIS- NAV format file. For this file, navigation data are interpolated for each shot point. Both types of files are written to magnetic tape and sent to NGDC. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
    Attn: Carolyn H. Degnan
    Geophysicist
    USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    (831) 460-7452 (voice)
    (831) 427-4748 (FAX)
    infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Feb-2017 (process 4 of 5)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Hittelman, Allen M., Groman, Robert C., Haworth, Richard T., Holcombe, Troy L., McHendrie, Graig, Smith, Stuart M., and Metzger, Dan R., 2010, The marine geophysical data exchange format - MGD77 / MGD77T: National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 25 p.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The validity or accuracy of bathymetry and navigation data is highly qualitative and depends on equipment and operating condition variables. Data quality is unknown, MGD77T files were formatted from InfoBank files identified as best available version.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Unspecified
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Unspecified
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Start and end date/times of data >Navigation Data (k-1-83-ar.652) >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >198307221524200 198307221612100 >198307221625050 198307221632350 >198307221639100 198307221639100 >198307221656350 198307221946400 >198307231038230 198307231059050 >198307231104250 198307231203000 >198307231328000 198307231329000 >198307231334200 198307231334200 >198307231339250 198307231404200 >198307231409350 198307231434250 >198307231439300 198307231449200 >198307231454400 198307231519350 >198307231526200 198307231539250 >198307231544450 198307231554100 >198307231559300 198307231609250 >198307231614350 198307231619300 >198307231624450 198307231629400 >198307231634450 198307231634450 >198307231716000 198307231751050 >198307251312150 198307251932200 >198307270841350 198307270931150 >198307271145250 198307271145300 >198307271150550 198307271326250 >198307271339000 198307271440450 >198307271519500 198307271530250 >198307281143350 198307281223200 >198307281239150 198307281254200 >198307301106150 198307301446200 >198308011215000 198308011217000 >198308011240300 198308011512300 >198308011530500 198308011530500 >198308011655000 198308011703000 >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >Bathymetry Data (k-1-83-ar.305_652) >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >198307251302000 198307251354582 >198307251408072 198307251645000 >198307251655000 198307251929114 >198307270834594 198307270929594 >198307271150000 198307271325480 >198307301106336 198307301446210 >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This data set is from one field activity with unknown instrument calibrations. Processed bathymetric depths were spot checked based on latitude and longitude against the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) grid within GeoMapApp to ensure reasonable values.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None. These data are held in the public domain.
Use_Constraints:
This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    345 Middlefield Road MS 999
    Menlo Park, CA
    USA

    (650) 329-5078 (voice)
    (650) 329-5190 (FAX)
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Gregory K. Miller
U.S. Geological Survey
Physical Scientist
U.S. Geological Survey, 600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727) 803-8747, ext. 3020 (voice)
gmiller@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/SeriesReports/OFR/OFR_89-167/816.faq.html>
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