Sediment data collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Numbers 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Julie C. Bernier
Originator: Kyle W. Kelso
Originator: Thomas M. Tuten
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Sediment data collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Numbers 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VKF
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Julie C. Bernier
Originator: Kyle W. Kelso
Originator: Thomas M. Tuten
Originator: Chelsea A. Stalk
Originator: James G. Flocks
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Sediment Data Collected in 2014 and 2015 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 1037
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1037
Description:
Abstract:
Breton Island, located at the southern end of the Chandeleur Islands, supports one of Louisiana’s largest historical brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nesting colonies. Although the brown pelican was delisted as an endangered species in 2009, nesting areas are threatened by continued land loss and are extremely vulnerable to storm impacts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed to restore Breton Island to pre-Hurricane Katrina conditions through rebuilding the shoreface, dune, and back-barrier marsh environments. Prior to restoration, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Geologic and Morphologic Evolution of Coastal Margins project collected high-resolution geophysical (topography, bathymetry, and sub-bottom profiles) and sedimentologic data from around Breton Island to characterize the geologic framework of the island platform, nearshore, and shelf environments. These data will be used to characterize the geologic framework around Breton Island, identify potential borrow areas for restoration efforts, quantify seafloor change, and provide information for sediment transport and morphologic change models to asses island response to restoration and natural processes. Data release doi:10.5066/F79C6VKF associated with this metadata record serves as an archive of sediment data from vibracores, push cores, and submerged grab samples collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana, during two surveys conducted in July 2014 and January 2015 (USGS Field Activity Numbers 2014–314–FA and 2014–336–FA, respectively). Sedimentologic and stratigraphic metrics (for example, sediment texture or unit thicknesses) derived from these data can be used to ground-truth the geophysical data and characterize potential sand resources or can be incorporated into sediment transport or morphologic change models. Data collection and processing methods are described in Data Series 1037 (https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1037). Data products, including sample location tables, descriptive core logs, core photographs and x-radiographs, results of sediment grain-size analyses, and geographic information system (GIS) data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VKF.
Purpose:
Dissemination of processed sediment data from grab samples and push cores collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana, in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Supplemental_Information:
From July 13-30, 2014, USGS scientists collected 18 push cores and 38 sediment grab samples from Breton and Gosier Islands and the surrounding shallow-water environments (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04). The primary goal of this survey was to acquire bathymetric data in the shallow nearshore and back-barrier areas around the islands; those data are described in a separate report (DeWitt and others, 2016). All samples were transported to the SPCMSC sediment lab for processing and analysis.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20140715
Ending_Date: 20140722
Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.23089
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.04413
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.55624
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.44455
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:7f643be4-3fd3-4cdb-ac03-9548856466a3
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: geology
Theme_Keyword: geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: sediment
Theme_Keyword: push core
Theme_Keyword: grab sample
Theme_Keyword: grain size
Theme_Keyword: GRADISTAT
Theme_Keyword: mean
Theme_Keyword: sorting
Theme_Keyword: skewness
Theme_Keyword: kurtosis
Theme_Keyword: Folk and Ward
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Louisiana
Place_Keyword: Breton Island
Place_Keyword: Gosier Islands
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico
Place_Keyword: Breton Sound
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601XXXXX) Service Pack 1; Microsoft Excel Version 2010
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bernier, J.C.
Originator: Kelso, K.W.
Originator: Tuten, T.M.
Originator: Stalk, C.A.
Originator: Flocks, J.G.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Sediment Data Collected in 2014 and 2015 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 1037
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1037
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: DeWitt, N.T.
Originator: Fredericks, J.J
Originator: Flocks, J.G.
Originator: Miselis, J.L.
Originator: Locker, S.D.
Originator: Kindinger, J.G
Originator: Bernier, J.C.
Originator: Kelso, K.W.
Originator: Reynolds, B.J.
Originator: Wiese, D.S.
Originator: Browning, T.N.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Archive of bathymetry and backscatter data collected in 2014 nearshore Breton and Gosier Islands, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 1005
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1005
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Blott, S.J. and Pye, K.
Publication_Date: 2001
Title:
Gradistat: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments
Edition: Version 8.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Issue_Identification: Volume 26
Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1237-1248
Online_Linkage: http://www.kpal.co.uk/gradistat.html
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The positional accuracy of the core locations (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F79C6VKF/data/14BIM04_samplesites.zip) is determined by the accuracy of the raw position data recorded by the Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna during data collection. Differential Geographic Positioning System (DGPS) coordinates were obtained using post-processing software packages (National Geodetic Survey On-Line Positioning User Service, OPUS, and Waypoint Product Group GrafNav, version 8.50). For the grab sample sites, the positional accuracy of the sample locations is determined by the accuracy of the Garmin GPSMAP 76S handheld GPS receiver used to locate the samples at the time of collection. The grain-size data presented in the summary statistics spreadsheets (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F79C6VKF/data/14BIM04_GrainSize_SumStats.zip) represent the sample averages for a subset of the statistical parameters calculated by GRADISTAT. The number of runs included in the averaged results are also reported, and the standard deviation of the averaged results are reported for most parameters. Sample depths were measured to the nearest half-centimeter using a metric tape measure.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Position and elevation data at each core site were recorded with an Ashtech DGPS receiver and geodetic antenna. DGPS data were recorded concurrently throughout the survey at a nearby USGS benchmark using a similar instrument combination. The final core locations, including elevation, are the post-processed DGPS coordinates; baseline distances for all core sites were less than 15 km. Grab sample locations were recorded at the time of collection using a Garmin GPSMAP 76S handheld GPS receiver. The final grab sample locations are the positions recorded in the field; the reported grab sample elevations are the cell values extracted from a 100-meter cell size bathymetric grid derived from USGS bathymetric data (DeWitt and others, 2016). The complete grain-size dataset including all GRADISTAT parameters, results of individual sample runs, and standard deviations for all sample averages are included in the unedited output files (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F79C6VKF/data/14BIM04_GrainSize_RunStats.zip). Sample runs in the output files for which the mean Folk and Ward grain size varied from the set average by more than 1.5 standard deviations are highlighted in yellow and were not included in final averaged results.
Completeness_Report:
Data release doi:10.5066/F79C6VKF associated with this metadata record includes the geographic locations, site elevations, core descriptions, core photos, core x-rays, and grain-size data for 178 samples from 18 push cores and 38 grab samples collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana, in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
All static GPS base-station sessions were processed through OPUS, which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The OPUS base-station solutions were entered into a spreadsheet to compute a final, time-weighted positional coordinate (latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height). Base-station positional error was calculated as the absolute value of the final position minus the session position value. The maximum horizontal error of the base station coordinates used for post-processing the core locations was 0.00061 seconds latitude and 0.00128 seconds longitude. For the grab samples, sample locations were recorded at the time of collection using a Garmin GPSMAP 76S handheld GPS receiver with a manufacturer's specified accuracy of 3 to 5 meters (95% typical).
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
All static GPS base-station sessions were processed through OPUS. The OPUS base-station solutions were entered into a spreadsheet to compute a final, time-weighted positional coordinate (latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height). Base-station positional error for each GPS session was calculated as the absolute value of the final position minus the session position value. For this survey, the standard deviation of the base station ellipsoid height was 0.014 m and the maximum vertical error for the base station was +/- 0.037 m. For the grab samples, the surface elevations of the sediment samples are the cell values extracted from a 100-meter cell size bathymetric grid created from USGS bathymetric data (DeWitt and others, 2016).
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
USGS scientists collected 18 push cores and 38 submerged grab samples collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014-314-FA and 14BIM04). Grab samples were collected using a WILDCO Petit Ponar grab sampler. Push cores were collected using an AMS sand/loose sediment soil probe lined with a 2.54-centimeter (cm) (1-inch) diameter by approximately 60-cm (2-foot) long plastic sleeve. After extraction, each core was capped, sealed, and labeled with transect location, core number, and orientation. The cores were transported to the USGS SPCMSC sediment lab for processing and analysis.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Sample locations were recorded at the time of collection using a Garmin GPSMAP 76S handheld GPS receiver along with a physical description of each sample site. At the core sites, position and elevation data were also recorded with an Ashtech DGPS receiver and antenna, which provided more accurate horizontal and vertical control than handheld GPS systems.DGPS data were recorded concurrently throughout the survey using a similar instrument combination at a base station located at a previously installed USGS benchmark (BRET) on the northwest end of Breton Island within 15 km of the farthest sample site. An Ashtech Proflex GPS receiver recorded the 12-channel full-carrier-phase positioning signals (L1/L2) from satellites via a Thales choke-ring antenna at the base station. A similar GPS instrument combination (Ashtech Z-Xtreme receiver and Ashtech geodetic antenna) was used for the rover GPS. The base receiver and the rover receiver record their positions concurrently at 0.1- to 1-second (s) recording intervals throughout the survey. A stop-and-go rapid-static survey technique was used, with a static occupation duration of 5 minutes at each sample site.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The coordinate values of the GPS base station (BRET) are the time-weighted average of values obtained from OPUS. The base station coordinates were imported into GrafNav, version 8.50 (Waypoint Product Group) and the data from the rover GPS (the GPS unit used to collect data at each push-core site) were post-processed to the concurrent base-station session data; baseline distances for all push-core sites were less than 15 km. The GPS data were acquired and processed in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) (G1150) geodetic datum.
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) transformation software packages HTDP (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml), version 3.2.3 and VDatum, version 3.3 (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/), the sample locations were transformed from the GPS acquisition datum (WGS84) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 north (16N) reference frame and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) orthometric elevation using the NGS geoid model of 2012(A) (GEOID12A).
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_samplesites.zip
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Surface elevations for grab-sample sites at which DGPS data were not collected were extracted from a 100-meter by 100-meter gridded surface of USGS bathymetric data collected in July 2014 (DeWitt and others, 2016) using the Spatial Analyst Extract Values to Points tool in Esri ArcGIS version 10.2.
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_samplesites.zip
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
At the SPCMSC sediment laboratory, the push cores were x-rayed using an Ecotron EPX-F2800 x-ray unit at 85 kilovolts for 16 milliampere-seconds from a height of 79 cm. The x-radiograph was captured on an 11 × 14-inch phosphor cassette, which was scanned on an iCRco, Inc., iCR3600+ scanner at 254 pixels per inch and exported as a 16-bit Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) image. The raw x-radiographs show a slight anode heel effect, which is a variation in x-ray intensity along the anode-cathode axis that results in non-uniform pixel intensity across the image. This effect was corrected by subtracting a background pixel intensity template from each raw image. The anode heel effect has been mostly removed from the filtered images, and variations in the down-core pixel intensity correspond to variations in lamination densities and can be compared against other cores. Cores longer than approximately 35 cm, that did not fit onto the phosphor cassette or extended into the area at the bottom of the x-radiograph where the filter could not completely remove the heel effect, were x-rayed in "top" and "bottom" segments and then merged in Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud (CC) 2014. Images were then edited in Adobe Photoshop CC 2014 by applying a grayscale color inversion. Core-photo file names reflect this process lineage (CoreID_filt_invert.tiff or CoreID_filt_merged_invert.tiff). Each push core was then split lengthwise, photographed, described macroscopically using standard sediment-logging methods, and subsampled at 2-cm intervals for grain-size analysis. In addition to whole-core photographs (CoreID.jpg), which were taken with a Canon Powershot SX20 IS digital camera, the cores were also photographed in approximately 5-cm, overlapping segments with a Nikon COOLPIX P5000 digital camera using the macro focus mode from a fixed height. The raw images were "stitched" together using The Panorama Factory version 5.3 software, providing seamless high-resolution whole-core images (CoreID_sc_adj.jpg). Textural descriptions for the core logs are based on macroscopic observations; the quantitative grain-size data are represented by down-core plots on the core logs. Sediment color is based on the Munsell soil color system.
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_CoreXrays.zip
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_CorePhotos.zip
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_CoreLogs.pdf
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Grain-size analyses were performed using Coulter LS 200 (grab samples) and Coulter LS 13 320 (push cores) particle-size analyzers, which use laser diffraction to measure the size distribution of sediments ranging in size from 0.4 microns (µm) to 2 millimeters (mm) (clay to very coarse-grained sand). A total of 178 samples from 18 cores and 38 grab samples were analyzed. Core samples consisted of 2-cm sections of the core based on the minimum amount of material needed for analysis. In order to prevent shell fragments from damaging the Coulter analyzers, particles greater than 1 mm in diameter were separated from all samples prior to analysis using a number 18 (1000 µm, 1 mm) U.S. standard sieve, which meets the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E11 standard specifications for determining particle size using woven-wire test sieves. Prior to sieving, each down-core sample was dried at 60 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, and the fraction of sediment greater than 1 mm was recorded as a percentage of the bulk sample dry weight. Two subsamples from each sample were processed through the LS 200 or the LS 13 320 particle-size analyzers a minimum of three runs each. These instruments measure the particle-size distribution of each sample by passing sediment suspended in solution between two narrow panes of glass in front of a laser. Light is scattered by the particles into characteristic refraction patterns measured by an array of photodetectors as intensity per unit area and recorded as relative volume for 92 size-related channels (bins). The size-classification boundaries for each bin were specified on the basis of the ASTM E11 standard.
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The raw grain-size data were run through the free, widely available program GRADISTAT (Blott and Pye, 2001), which calculates the geometric (in metric units) and logarithmic (in phi units, Φ; Krumbein, 1934) mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis of each sample using the Folk and Ward (1957) method as well as the cumulative particle-size distribution. GRADISTAT also calculates the fraction of sediment from each sample by size category (for example, clay, coarse silt, fine sand) based on a modified Wentworth (1922) size scale. A macro developed by the USGS was applied to calculate the average and standard deviation of each sample (six runs per sample) and highlight runs that varied from the set average by more than plus or minus (±) 1.5 standard deviations. Excessive deviations from the mean are likely the result of equipment error or extraneous material in the sample and are not considered representative of the sample. Those runs were removed from the results and the sample average was recalculated using the remaining runs. The individual run statistics are available from https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F79C6VKF/data/14BIM04_GrainSize_RunStats.zip. The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used, the standard deviation of the averaged results, and class-size distributions, are summarized in a series of Excel workbooks with each core on its own tab and are available from https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F79C6VKF/data/14BIM04_GrainSize_SumStats.zip.
Process_Date: 2015
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_GrainSize_SumStats.zip
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 14BIM04_GrainSize_RunStats.zip
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Using Exchangeable image file format (Exif) data, the GPS date, time and coordinates recorded during sediment core collection were embedded in the whole-core (CoreID.jpg) and stitched (CoreID_sc_adj.jpg) image metadata. The Exif headers were initially populated by the camera’s imaging software but were subsequently updated by USGS staff to include core-related supplemental information. A Python version 2.7.3 script (UpdatePhotoEXIFv2.py) was run to incorporate location information and auxiliary details into the appropriate locations within the Exif header of each full-resolution JPEG image. The Python script used ExifTool version 10.25 to write the information to the image headers. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags.
GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the handheld GPS.
GPSLatitudeRef
GPSLatitude
GPSLongitudeRef
GPSLongitude
GPSTimeStamp
GSPDateStamp

JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image taken with a particular camera. The following information is based on the Canon PowerShot SX20 IS camera.

comment: Photo of core collected in July 2014 from Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana during field activity number 2014–314–FA, alternate FAN 14BIM04 (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-314-FA). Published as USGS data release DOI:10.5066/F79C6VKF.

EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.

ImageDescription: Photograph of sediment core collected from Breton National Wildlife Refuge, LA during 2014–314–FA.
Artist: U.S. Geological Survey
Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey

IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
Keywords: Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, Breton Island, Gosier Island, 2014–314–FA, 14BIM04, push-core, grab sample, vibracore, USGS
CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
Caption-Abstract: Photograph of sediment core collected from Breton National Wildlife Refuge, LA during 2014–314–FA.

XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
Caption: Photograph of sediment core collected from Breton National Wildlife Refuge, LA during 2014–314–FA.

To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.25):

exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription photos/*.jpg > out.csv

The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees.
Process_Date: 20170119
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Arnell Forde
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aforde@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20201013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 56
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 16
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 87.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.00001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.00001
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
Altitude_Distance_Units: Meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_samplesites_FINAL.xlsx
Entity_Type_Definition:
Microsoft Excel workbook defining the site locations and selected core metrics for sediment samples collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_samplesites_FINAL.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Comma-separated values text file defining the site locations and selected core metrics for sediment samples collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_samplesites_FINAL.shp
Entity_Type_Definition:
Esri shapefile defining the site locations and selected core metrics for sediment samples collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_samplesites_FINAL.kml
Entity_Type_Definition:
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file defining the site locations and selected core metrics for sediment samples collected in July 2014 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_Cores_SumStats.xlsx
Entity_Type_Definition:
Summary grain-size data from push cores collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04) provided as a Microsoft Excel workbook. The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used, the standard deviation of the averaged results, and class-size distributions, are provided for each core on its own tab.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_Cores_SumStats.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Summary grain-size data from push cores collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04) provided as a comma-separated values text file. The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used, the standard deviation of the averaged results, and class-size distributions, are provided.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_GrabSamples_SumStats.xlsx
Entity_Type_Definition:
Summary grain-size data from submerged grab samples collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04) provided as a Microsoft Excel workbook. The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used, the standard deviation of the averaged results, and class-size distributions, are provided.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 14BIM04_GrabSamples_SumStats.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:
Summary grain-size data from submerged grab samples collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA and 14BIM04) provided as a comma-separated values text file. The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used, the standard deviation of the averaged results, and class-size distributions, are provided.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Geometry type defining the features
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SITE_ID
Attribute_Definition: Site identification number
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAD83_Lat
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 29.44455
Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.55624
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAD83_Lon
Attribute_Definition: Longitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -89.23089
Range_Domain_Maximum: -89.04413
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAD83_X
Attribute_Definition:
X-coordinate (easting) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 16 N)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 283648.850
Range_Domain_Maximum: 301934.650
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAD83_Y
Attribute_Definition:
Y-coordinate (northing) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 16 N)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 3259291.830
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3271375.680
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAD83_Ell
Attribute_Definition: Ellipsoid height of site location, in meters (NAD83)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -24.947
Range_Domain_Maximum: -23.504
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NAVD88_G12A_m
Attribute_Definition:
Elevation (orthometric height) of site location, in meters (NAD83, GEOID 12A)
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -9.842
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.881
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SOURCE
Attribute_Definition: Elevation data source
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: bathy 100 m grid
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Reported elevation is the cell value extracted from a 100-meter cell size bathymetric grid created from USGS bathymetric data (DeWitt and others, 2016)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: DGPS
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Reported position information, including elevation, are the post processed Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) coordinates
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TYPE
Attribute_Definition: Sample type
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: grab sample
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Submerged sediment sample collected using a Ponar-type sampler
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: push core
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Push core collected using an AMS sand/loose sediment probe
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LENGTH_cm
Attribute_Definition: Core length, in centimeters
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 24.5
Range_Domain_Maximum: 51.5
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.5
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COMMENT
Attribute_Definition: Additional site information
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The detailed attribute descriptions for the summary statistics workbooks are provided in the included data dictionary (Grain_Size_Data-Dictionary.pdf). These metadata are not complete without this file.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Data dictionary for grain-size data tables, in: Bernier, J.C., Kelso, K.K., Tuten, T.M., Stalk, C.A., and Flocks, J.G., 2017, Sediment Data Collected in 2014 and 2015 from around Breton and Gosier Islands, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VKF.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable data
Distribution_Liability:
This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Compressed (zip) archive
Format_Version_Date: 2017
Format_Specification: Multimedia presentation
Format_Information_Content:
This zip archive includes Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, comma-separated values text files, Esri shapefiles, Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and accompanying metadata for sediment data from grab samples and push cores collected from around Breton and Gosier Islands in July 2014 (USGS FANs 2014–314–FA, 14BIM04).
File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Fees: None, if obtained online
Technical_Prerequisites:
The sample locations table was created in Microsoft Excel 2010 and can be opened using Microsoft Excel 2007 or higher; these data may also be viewed using the free Microsoft Excel Viewer (http://office.microsoft.com/). The sample locations are also provided as comma-separated values text files (.csv) and GIS data files in Esri shapefile (.shp) and Keyhole Markup Language (KML) format; the GIS files can be opened using the free ArcGIS Explorer or Google Earth GIS viewers. The core photographs and x-radiographs are provided as high-resolution Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) and Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) formats, respectively, and can be viewed using standard image viewing software.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201013
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie C. Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution.
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None

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