Historical bathymetry soundings between 1916 and 1920 around the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Historical bathymetry soundings between 1916 and 1920 around the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands
Abstract:
In order to characterize coastal change, historical maps and complementary records were compiled including: topographic sheets (T-sheets), hydrographic sheets (H-sheets, smooth sheets), shorelines, and bathymetric soundings surrounding the Mississippi and Alabama (MSAL) barrier islands. One goal of this work was to create a time-series of bathymetric change maps around the islands between 1916 and 2016.
Supplemental_Information:
The National Ocean Service (NOS)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) graphic survey data (H-sheets) and previously digitized soundings (H04000, H04021, and H04171) were downloaded from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center website (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/hydro.html, 2009). All H-sheets were georectified in Esri ArcGIS. Soundings on H-sheets H04000, H04021, and H04171 were rubbersheeted to match the locations on the georectified maps and soundings on H-sheets H03960, H04020, and H04023 were manually digitized with associated depths. NOAA's Vdatum version 3.6 was used to convert the 1916-1920 XYZ soundings to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) horizontal datum and North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12B vertical datum and all 1916 to 1920 elevation (z) values were adjusted to account for sea-level rise, using the NOAA tide gauge at Pensacola, FL.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Buster, Noreen A., Brenner, Owen T., and Flocks, James G., 20171121, Historical bathymetry soundings between 1916 and 1920 around the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7028QFV, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.30059732
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.99938295
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.402864609
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.104746376
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 01-Jan-1916
    Ending_Date: 01-Jan-1920
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • point (53296)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 16
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum 1988
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.0001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    1916_1920_MS_NAD83NAVD88g12B_XYZ.txt
    T-delimited text file containing the x,y,z soundings transformed to the NAD83 UTM zone 16N geodetic datum and NAVD88 orthometric height, derived using the GEOID12B model. (Source: USGS)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: Esri)
    ValueDefinition
    PolylineShape of feature.
    X_NAD83
    NAD83 UTM zone 16N X-coordinate (easting) of sample point, in meters (Source: NOAA USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:278948.238800
    Maximum:403726.515800
    Resolution:1.0
    Y_NAD83
    NAD83 UTM zone 16N Y-coordinate (northing) of sample point, in meters (Source: NOAA USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3332612.592000
    Maximum:3363853.544000
    Resolution:1.0
    NAVD88g12B
    NAVD88 (orthometric height) of sample point, in meters with respect to GEOID12B. Point locations with no available data have been assigned elevations values of -999999. (Source: NOAA USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-22.499
    Maximum:-0.231
    Resolution:1.0E-2
    newMLWm_SL
    Mean low water value (meters) that was adjusted by 0.171 m for relative rise of sea level (depths are positive). (Source: NOAA USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.17
    Maximum:22.42
    Resolution:1.0E-2
    MLWm
    Original mean low water value (meters and depths are positive). (Source: NOAA USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:22.25
    Resolution:1.0E-2
    Hsheet
    Hydrographic sheet number (Source: NOAA)
    Range of values
    Minimum:H03960
    Maximum:H04171

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Noreen A. Buster
    • Owen T. Brenner
    • James G. Flocks
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To create a complete early 1900's sounding dataset for bathymetric change maps around the MSAL barrier islands.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    H-sheet (source 1 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA smooth sheet H03960.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    H-sheet (source 2 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA smooth sheet H04000.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    H-sheet (source 3 of 11)
    NOAA, 1918, NOAA smooth sheet H04021.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    H-sheet (source 4 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA smooth sheet H04020.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    H-sheet (source 5 of 11)
    NOAA, 1920, NOAA smooth sheet H04171.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    H-sheet (source 6 of 11)
    NOAA, 1918, NOAA smooth sheet H04023.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA
    T-sheet (source 7 of 11)
    NOAA, 1922, NOAA T-3917.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 20000
    Source_Contribution:
    Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline
    T-sheet (source 8 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA T-3701.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution:
    Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline
    T-sheet (source 9 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA T-3703.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution:
    Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline
    T-sheet (source 10 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA T-3702.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution:
    Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline
    T-sheet (source 11 of 11)
    NOAA, 1917, NOAA T-3711.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Map
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000
    Source_Contribution:
    Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2010 (process 1 of 5)
    In order to obtain XYZ sounding data from historical maps, T-sheets and H-sheets were georectified using ArcMap 9.3 georeferencing tool. All five T-sheets were rectified using transformations North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) supplied by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Buster and Morton, 2011). Six H-sheets, which display soundings from the 1916-1920 time period, were georectified to the georeferenced T-sheets (Buster and Morton, 2011). Person who carried out this activity:
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H-sheets/T-sheets
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • georeferenced H-sheets
    Date: 2010 (process 2 of 5)
    After georectifying the H-sheets, the soundings previously digitized by the NOAA contractors did not exactly lie on center of handwritten soundings on H-sheets (H04000, H04021, and H04171). These three sets of soundings were rubbersheeted within ArcMap (with greater than 25 control points) to their respective locations on the rectified H-sheets. Soundings on H-sheets H03960, H04020, and H04023 had not been digitized by NOAA and therefore all the soundings on these three H-sheets were digitized for this project. Both NOAA digitized soundings and soundings digitized for this project were initially entered in feet and then converted to meters. Person who carried out this activity:
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H-sheets/T-sheets
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • georeferenced soundings
    Date: 2010 (process 3 of 5)
    The soundings depths were originally in the mean low water (MLW) datum. To adjust each value to reflect mean sea level trends, the NOAA tide gage at Pensacola was used as it is at a geologically stable open-ocean location and has a long historical record of tides and sea level trend values. The relative rise in sea level at Pensacola, FL (mean sea level trend) as checked in July 2017 was 2.31 millimeters (mm)/year (yr). To account for the historical rise in sea level, linear regression was applied to the tide-gage data from Pensacola to obtain water-level corrections for the bathymetric-survey period, using 1992 as the midpoint of the most recent 19-year tidal epoch. For each survey period, there is a range of years during which the bathymetric surveys were conducted (1916-1920). The water-level correction, which was averaged for the years included for the survey period was calculated at 0.171 mm/yr and was applied to each sounding value (column header includes the abbreviation for sea level (SL). Person who carried out this activity:
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H-sheets/T-sheets
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • georeferenced soundings
    Date: 2017 (process 4 of 5)
    After the water-level adjustment was applied, the soundings were run through NOAA's datum transformation software Vdatum version 3.6. The data were transformed from a horizontal datum of NAD27 and vertical datum of mean low water (MLW) and derived products are relative to the UTM NAD83 horizontal datum and NAVD88 GEOID12B vertical datum. Person who carried out this activity:
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 0800-1600
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H-sheets/T-sheets
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • georeferenced soundings
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The XYZ sounding data are based on historical maps (1916-1920), the accuracy of the data was determined during data collection. The historical data have not been independently verified for accuracy.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Mainland shoreline accuracy based on: Byrnes, M.R., R.A. McBride, and M.W. Hiland, 1991. Accuracy Standards and Development of a National Shoreline Change Database. In: Coastal Sediments '91. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 1027-1042.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Please see Horizontal Position Accuracy Report above.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The source data is historical and therefore not complete in its coverage. The source data was used to create a map that best represents the historical soundings using best practice methods to keep the data as accurate as possible.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This file represents the digitized soundings from a historical smooth sheet (H-sheet), based on historical records and maps from NOAA. All transformations (either from Clark 1866 or NAD27) were provided by NOAA and were consistently applied throughout.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Noreen A. Buster
    U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    nbuster@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? 1916_1920_MS_NAD83NAVD88g12B_XYZ.txt
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Noreen A. Buster
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Geologist
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727) 502-8000 (voice)
nbuster@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/1916_1920_MSAL_NAD83NAVD88g12B_XYZ_metadata.faq.html>
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