Seafloor elevation change from the 1930s to 2016 along the Florida Reef Tract, USA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Seafloor elevation change from the 1930s to 2016 along the Florida Reef Tract, USA
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted research to quantify bathymetric changes along the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) from Miami to Key West within a 982.4 square-kilometer area. USGS staff calculated changes in seafloor elevation from the 1930’s to 2016 using digitized historical hydrographic surveys (H-sheets) acquired by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS) in the 1930’s and light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) acquired by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2016 and 2017. Most of the elevation data from the 2016/2017 time period were collected during 2016, so as an abbreviated naming convention, we refer to this time frame as 2016. An elevation change analysis between the 1930’s and 2016 data was performed to quantify and map impacts to seafloor elevation and to determine elevation and volume change statistics for 14 habitat types found within the study area along the FRT. Data were collected under Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit FKNMS-2016-068.
Supplemental_Information:
The lidar data were collected by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Remote Sensing Division as part of NOAA's Coastal Mapping Program (CMP) using a Riegl VQ-820-G system. Historical bathymetry sounding data were collected by the USC&GS.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Yates, Kimberly K., Arsenault, Stephanie R., Fehr, Zachery W., and Murphy, Kelly A., 20210430, Seafloor elevation change from the 1930s to 2016 along the Florida Reef Tract, USA:.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Yates, Kimberly K., Arsenault, Stephanie R., Fehr, Zachery W., and Murphy, Kelly A., 20210331, Seafloor elevation change from the 1930s to 2016 along the Florida Reef Tract, USA: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9NXNX61, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.958437
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.086515
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.799166
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.442791
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1934
    Ending_Date: 2017
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector, tabular, and raster digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity Point (85253)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 17
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Planar coordinates are specified in METERS
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) National Spatial Reference System of 2007 (NSRS2007).
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12B
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.2
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    FRT_Elevation_Statistics.csv
    FRT elevation change statistics per habitat type from the 1930s to 2016. (Source: USGS)
    Habitat types in FRT study site
    Habitat types found in the FRT study site. Habitat types are defined by the Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0 and based on the Unified Classification (UC) system Class Level 2. (Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC))
    ValueDefinition
    Total study siteThe total FRT study site, includes 14 habitat types.
    Aggregate reefAggregate reef larger than 1 hectare (ha), contiguous reef, lacking sand channels.
    Colonized pavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formation, presence of macroalgae, hard coral, gorgonians, and other sessile invertebrates, dense enough to obscure underlying rock.
    Individual or aggregated patch reefPatch reefs smaller than 1 ha, isolated reefs often with distinct halo or reef features covering >10% of the area.
    Not classifiedAreas where habitat has not been classified.
    PavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations.
    Pavement with sand channelsAlternating linear sand and pavement formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Pavement with seagrassContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations with seagrass.
    Reef rubbleUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble.
    Reef rubble with seagrassUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble with seagrass.
    Scattered coral or rock in unconsolidated sedimentMostly sand, reef features covering <10% of the area.
    Seagrass continuousContinuous seagrass beds.
    Seagrass discontinuousDiscontinuous seagrass beds.
    Spur and grooveAlternating linear sand and coral formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Unconsolidated sedimentUnconsolidated sediment
    Total points (no.)
    The total number of points within or on the boundary of each habitat type in the FRT study site. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:23
    Maximum:85253
    Units:number of points
    Mean elevation change (m)
    Mean elevation change per habitat type in the FRT study site from the 1930s to 2016, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.324863964
    Maximum:0.585162233
    Units:meters
    Mean elevation change SD (m)
    Standard deviation of the mean elevation change, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.4757955
    Maximum:1.27224372
    Units:meters
    Accretion points (no.)
    The total number of accretion points within or on the boundary of each habitat type in the FRT study site. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:11
    Maximum:38604
    Units:number of points
    Max accretion (m)
    Maximum accretion per habitat type in the FRT study site from the 1930s to 2016, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.616750229
    Maximum:9.630930458
    Units:meters
    Mean accretion (m)
    Mean accretion per habitat type in the FRT study site from the 1930s to 2016, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.260037329
    Maximum:1.08481207
    Units:meters
    Mean accretion SD (m)
    Standard deviation of the mean accretion, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.202767579
    Maximum:1.13718145
    Units:meters
    Erosion points (no.)
    The total number of erosion points within or on the boundary of each habitat type in the FRT study site. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:12
    Maximum:46649
    Units:number of points
    Max erosion (m)
    Maximum erosion per habitat type in the FRT study site from the 1930s to 2016, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-11.46108947
    Maximum:-1.663760172
    Units:meters
    Mean erosion (m)
    Mean erosion per habitat type in the FRT study site from the 1930s to 2016, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.78085174
    Maximum:-0.364493978
    Units:meters
    Mean erosion SD (m)
    Standard deviation of the mean erosion, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.350798955
    Maximum:0.868641217
    Units:meters
    FRT_Volume_Statistics.csv
    FRT volume change statistics per habitat type from the 1930s to 2016. (Source: USGS)
    Habitat types in FRT study site
    Habitat types found in the FRT study site. Habitat types are defined by the Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0 and based on the Unified Classification (UC) system Class Level 2. (Source: FWC)
    ValueDefinition
    Total study siteThe total FRT study site, includes 14 habitat types.
    Aggregate reefAggregate reef larger than 1 hectare (ha), contiguous reef, lacking sand channels.
    Colonized pavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formation, presence of macroalgae, hard coral, gorgonians, and other sessile invertebrates, dense enough to obscure underlying rock.
    Individual or aggregated patch reefPatch reefs smaller than 1 ha, isolated reefs often with distinct halo or reef features covering >10% of the area.
    Not classifiedAreas where habitat has not been classified.
    PavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations.
    Pavement with sand channelsAlternating linear sand and pavement formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Pavement with seagrassContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations with seagrass.
    Reef rubbleUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble.
    Reef rubble with seagrassUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble with seagrass.
    Scattered coral or rock in unconsolidated sedimentMostly sand, reef features covering <10% of the area.
    Seagrass continuousContinuous seagrass beds.
    Seagrass discontinuousDiscontinuous seagrass beds.
    Spur and grooveAlternating linear sand and coral formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Unconsolidated sedimentUnconsolidated sediment
    Habitat area (km^2)
    Habitat area, in kilometers squared. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.127432307
    Maximum:789.10074
    Units:km^2
    Net erosion lower limit (10^6 m^3)
    Net erosion minimum volume per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.004347398
    Maximum:28.42484245
    Units:10^6 m^3
    Net erosion upper limit (10^6 m^3)
    Net erosion maximum volume per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.018169211
    Maximum:134.778192
    Units:10^6 m^3
    Net accretion lower limit (10^6 m^3)
    Net accretion minimum volume per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.000918714
    Maximum:24.49636225
    Units:10^6 m^3
    Net accretion upper limit (10^6 m^3)
    Net accretion maximum volume per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.020734218
    Maximum:106.8693794
    Units:10^6 m^3
    Net volume change lower limit (10^6 m^3 study area^-1)
    Net volume change lower limit per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters per study area. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-4.869266047
    Maximum:3.025876355
    Units:10^6 m^3 study area^-1
    Net volume change upper limit (10^6 m^3 study area^-1)
    Net volume change upper limit per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters per study area. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-27.90881261
    Maximum:5.121670724
    Units:10^6 m^3 study area^-1
    Area normalized volume change lower limit (10^6 m^3 km^-2)
    Area normalized volume change lower limit per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters per kilometer squared. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.083378609
    Maximum:0.288806891
    Units:10^6 m^3 km^-2
    Area normalized volume change upper limit (10^6 m^3 km^-2)
    Area normalized volume change upper limit per habitat type, in millions of cubic meters per kilometer squared. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.227249671
    Maximum:0.488841454
    Units:10^6 m^3 km^-2

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kimberly K. Yates
    • Stephanie R. Arsenault
    • Zachery W. Fehr
    • Kelly A. Murphy
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kimberly K. Yates
    Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data were used to help provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all processes influencing seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for 14 habitat types found within the FRT over the last several decades.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Block 01 (source 1 of 5)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Remote Sensing Division, 20170614, 2016 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef Block 01: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Topobathy data
    Source_Contribution:
    The original Block 01 lidar data used to generate the merged DEM.
    Block 02 (source 2 of 5)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Remote Sensing Division, 20170614, 2016 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef Block 02: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Topobathy data
    Source_Contribution:
    The original Block 02 lidar data used to generate the merged DEM.
    Block 03 (source 3 of 5)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Remote Sensing Division, 20170712, 2016 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef Block 03: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Topobathy data
    Source_Contribution:
    The original Block 03 lidar data used to generate the merged DEM.
    Block 04 (source 4 of 5)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Remote Sensing Division, 20171027, 2017 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef, Block 04: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Topobathy data
    Source_Contribution:
    The original Block 04 lidar data used to generate the merged DEM.
    UFRT Habitat Map (source 5 of 5)
    Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), 20170113, Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Vector digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    This shapefile was used to divide the DEMs by habitat types using the Unified Classification (UC) Class Level 2.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2020 (process 1 of 13)
    Step 1: Acquisition and preparation of digital elevation model (DEM) data and elevation- and volume-change analyses was performed using Yates and others (2017) methods.
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 13)
    Step 2: The original 2016 DEMs were acquired from NOAA’s Digital Coast website (https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/) using the Data Access Viewer (DAV) tool. The elevation search option was used to download four topobathymetric datasets: 2016 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef Blocks 01, 02, 03, and 2017 NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar: Florida Keys Outer Reef Block 04. The DAV was used to generate a custom DEM from the point cloud data. The four DEMs were created and downloaded in September 2017 and correspond to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) National Spatial Reference System (NSRS2007) horizontal datum, and North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12B vertical datum. The data were downloaded from the DAV with the following specifications; Projection: UTM, Zone: Zone 17 Range 084W-078W, Horizontal Datum: NAD83, Horizontal Units: Meters, Vertical Datum: NAVD88, Vertical Units: Meters, File Format: TIFF 32-bit Float, Bin Method: TIN, Bin Size: 1.0, Bin Units: Meters, Data Classification: Bathymetric Lidar Points, Data Returns: Any Points, Ancillary Data: No Ancillary Data and Geoid Name: GEOID12B.
    Date: 2020 (process 3 of 13)
    Step 3: The original DEMs were visually inspected and suspect data characterized by coarse interpolation relative to surrounding areas were removed using the methods of Yates and others (2017). Polygons encompassing removed data for each block are provided in Yates and others (2021), see 2016_Lidar_RemovedAreas.zip. The DEMs were opened in ascending order starting with the Block01 DEM TIFF and ending with the Block04 DEM TIFF to prioritize the most recent DEM where there was overlapping data. Using Esri ArcGIS Desktop Advanced version 10.6 (ArcMap), the four edited DEMs were merged together. The merged DEM was created using the "Mosaic to New Raster" tool with the following parameters: Pixel Type: 32_BIT_FLOAT; Number of Bands: 1; and Mosaic Operator: LAST, creating the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM TIFF.
    Date: 2020 (process 4 of 13)
    Step 4: A footprint of the merged DEM was created using the "Reclassify (Spatial Analyst)" tool to convert all old values to 1 and leaving 'No Data' values as 'No Data'. Then, the output raster was converted into a polygon SHP file using the "Raster to Polygon (Conversion)" tool, creating the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM_Footprint SHP file.
    Date: 2020 (process 5 of 13)
    Step 5: The original digitized H-sheet XYZ files were downloaded from the NOAA Bathymetric Data Viewer (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/maps/bathymetry/#). Using VDatum version 3.9, a publicly available software from NOAA (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/), the H-sheet’s vertical datum was transformed from mean lower low water (MLLW) to NAVD88 (GEOID12B), and the horizontal datum was transformed from geographic NAD83 (1986) to UTM Zone 17N NAD83 (NSRS2007). The H-sheet data were also converted from soundings in meters (m) to height (m). For more information on downloading, prepping, and using the H-sheet data, see Yates and others (2017).
    Date: 2020 (process 6 of 13)
    Step 6: The output XYZ files from VDatum were converted to comma-separated values (CSV) files and displayed as XY data. Each H-sheet CSV was opened in ArcMap and Add Data > Add XY Data was selected from the File menu. Then, in the Add XY Data window, an H-sheet XYZ file was selected, and LON, LAT, and DEPTH were used for the X, Y, and Z fields, respectively, creating a point SHP file. This process was repeated for each H-sheet, creating a total of 12 individual point SHP files. Then, the individual point SHP files were merged together using the "Merge (Data Management)" tool, creating the FRT_HistoricalPoints SHP file. For more information on prepping and using the H-sheet data, see Yates and others (2017).
    Date: 2020 (process 7 of 13)
    Step 7: The FRT_HistoricalPoints SHP file depth values were corrected for sea level rise by applying relative sea level rise (RSLR) estimates collected by NOAA at the Key West and Vaca Key, Florida tide stations. The RSLR correction was calculated by adding a field to the attribute table of the FRT_HistoricalPoints SHP file using the Field Calculator and the expression RSLR_2016 = DEPTH - ((2016 - [year]) * 0.00302), where 0.00302 is the mean annual rate of sea level rise computed from the tide stations. For additional information on applying the sea level rise correction, see Yates and others (2017).
    Date: 2020 (process 8 of 13)
    Step 8: The historical points SHP file was clipped to the extent of the merged DEM using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool by specifying the FRT_HistoricalPoints SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM_Footprint SHP file as the 'Clip Features', creating the FRT_HistoricalPoints_Clip SHP file.
    Date: 2020 (process 9 of 13)
    Step 9: Values from the merged DEM were extracted at the location of the historical points using the "Extract Values to Points (Spatial Analyst)" tool by specifying the FRT_HistoricalPoints_Clip SHP file as the 'Input Point Features' and the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM TIFF as the 'Input Raster', creating the FRT_IntersectPoints SHP file. The elevation difference (Diff_m) between the H-sheets and modern lidar data were calculated by adding a field to the attribute table of the FRT_IntersectPoints SHP file using the Field Calculator and the expression Diff_m = RASTERVALU (lidar) – RSLR_2016 (H-sheets).
    Date: 2020 (process 10 of 13)
    Step 10: The original Unified Florida Reef Tract Map version 2.0 SHP file was downloaded from http://ocean.floridamarine.org/IntegratedReefMap/UnifiedReefTract.htm. Using ArcMap, the original habitat SHP file was modified using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool to clip the habitat SHP file to the extent of the merged DEM by specifying the habitat SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM_Footprint SHP file as the 'Clip Features', creating the FRT_HabitatClip SHP file. Using the "Select by Attribute" tool, 14 individual habitat SHP files were created from the FRT_HabitatClip SHP file by selecting one ClassLv2 habitat and exporting it as a separate SHP file.
    Date: 2020 (process 11 of 13)
    Step 11: Elevation change statistics were determined by habitat type using the XYZ points from the FRT_IntersectPoints SHP file. The "Select Layer by Location (Data Management)" tool was used to extract points within or on the boundary of a specific habitat type by using the following parameters: Input Feature Layer: FRT_IntersectPoints; Relationship: INTERSECT; Selecting Features: Habitat SHP file; Search Distance: left blank; and Selection type: NEW_SELECTION. An ArcMap model was created to automate the process, since these steps had to be repeated for 14 habitat types. Elevation change statistics were compiled by habitat type into a CSV file using Microsoft Excel 2016, see FRT_Elevation_Statistics.csv.
    Date: 2020 (process 12 of 13)
    Step 12: An elevation change surface model was created using the "Create TIN (3D Analyst)" tool by specifying the FRT_IntersectPoints SHP file as the 'Input Feature Class', Diff_m as the 'Height Field' and Mass_Points as the 'Type', creating the Intersect_TIN file. Then, the Intersect_TIN file was delineated using the "Delineate TIN Data Areas (3D Analyst)" tool by specifying the Intersect_TIN as the 'Input TIN', a 'Maximum Edge Length' of 400 m (Yates and others, 2017) and the 'Method' set to ALL. A polygon footprint of the delineated TIN was created using the "TIN Domain (3D Analyst)" tool by specifying the Intersect_TIN file as the 'Input TIN' and the 'Output Feature Class Type' as POLYGON, creating the Intersect_TINDomain SHP file. A polygon representing the intersection of the Intersect_TIN file and merged DEM was generated using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool by specifying the Intersect_TINDomain SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the FRT_Merged_LidarDEM_Footprint SHP file as the 'Clip Features', creating the FRT_TINDomainIntersect SHP file. Then, the Intersect_TIN file was clipped to the extent of the intersect footprint SHP file using the "Edit TIN (3D Analyst)" tool with the following parameters: Input TIN: Intersect_TIN; Input Features Class: FRT_TINDomainIntersect SHP file; Height Field: None; and Type: Hard clip, creating the final TIN file.
    Date: 2020 (process 13 of 13)
    Step 13: Volume-change statistics per habitat type were calculated using the final TIN file. Surface volume changes were calculated for four cases using the "Surface Volume (3D Analyst)" tool. To calculate the net erosion lower limit (case 1) the 'Reference Plane' was set to BELOW and the 'Plane Height' set to -0.5 m. For the net erosion upper limit (case 2) the 'Reference Plane' was set to BELOW and the 'Plane Height' set to 0 m. For the net accretion lower limit (case 3) the 'Reference Plane' was set to ABOVE and the 'Plane Height' was set to 0.5 m. For the net accretion upper limit (case 4) the 'Reference Plane' was set to ABOVE and the 'Plane Height' was set to 0 m. A 0.5 m threshold was determined by vertical error analysis using the uncertainties reported in the metadata of the original lidar (0.15 m) and the H-sheet (0.23 m) products to calculate the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.29 m. The RMSE of 0.29 was multiplied by 1.56 to compute a RMSE of 0.47 m to include 90% of the variance. This value was rounded to 0.5 to produce the final RMSE used as a threshold in this study (Yates and others, 2017). Minimum net volume was calculated by summing results from cases 1 and 3. Maximum net volume was calculated by summing results from cases 2 and 4. Area normalized volume change lower limit was calculated by dividing the minimum net volume change for each habitat by the habitat's total area. The area normalized volume change upper limit was calculated by diving the maximum net volume for each habitat by the habitat's total area. An ArcMap model was created to automate the process, since these steps had to be repeated for 14 habitat types. Volume change statistics were compiled by habitat type in CSV format using Excel, see FRT_Volume_Statistics.csv.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Yates, Kimberly K., Zawada, David G., Smiley, Nathan A., and Tiling-Range, Ginger, 20170420, Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems: Biogeosciences, Munich, Germany.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    A detailed accuracy assessment and error analysis are presented in Yates and others (2017).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Lidar data positions were obtained using post-processed kinematic global positioning system (KGPS) methods. The horizontal accuracy of the data is better than plus or minus 1.0 meter (m); Quantitative Value: 1.0 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Lidar data positions were obtained using post- processed KGPS methods. Data used to validate the lidar were collected with static GPS observational equipment and compared against the published data. The vertical accuracy of the data is better than plus or minus 0.15 m; Quantitative Value: 0.15 m.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and Yates and others (2017) carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data cover the area specified for this project without any known issues.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kimberly K. Yates
    Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 30-Mar-2021
Metadata author:
Kimberly K. Yates
Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
Research Oceanographer
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
US

727-502-8059 (voice)
kyates@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/1930s_to_2016_SeafloorElevationChange_Metadata.faq.html>
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