Single-Beam Bathymetric Data collected with Personal Watercraft collected within Wilderness Breach, Fire Island, New York (2014) in XYZ ASCII text file format

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Single-Beam Bathymetric Data collected with Personal Watercraft collected within Wilderness Breach, Fire Island, New York (2014) in XYZ ASCII text file format
Abstract:
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, conducted a bathymetric survey of Fire Island, New York, from October 5 to 10, 2014. The U.S. Geological Survey is involved in a post-Hurricane Sandy effort to map and monitor the morphologic evolution of the wilderness breach, which formed in October 2012 during Hurricane Sandy, as part of the Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B. During this study, bathymetry data were collected, using single-beam echo sounders and global positioning systems mounted to personal watercraft, along the Fire Island shoreface and within the wilderness breach, Fire Island Inlet, Narrow Bay, and Great South Bay east of Nicoll Bay. Additional bathymetry and elevation data were collected using backpack and wheel-mounted global positioning systems along the subaerial beach (foreshore and backshore), and flood shoals and shallow channels within the wilderness breach and adjacent shoreface.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20170213, Single-Beam Bathymetric Data collected with Personal Watercraft collected within Wilderness Breach, Fire Island, New York (2014) in XYZ ASCII text file format: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series DS 1034, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Nelson, Timothy R., Miselis, Jennifer L., Hapke, Cheryl J., Brenner, Owen T., Henderson, Rachel E., Reynolds, Billy J., and Wilson, Kathleen E., 20170213, Bathymetry Data Collected in October 2014 from Fire Island, New York: the Wilderness Breach, Shoreface, and Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series DS 1034, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.9142771000008
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.8830910000008
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.7403383000067
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.7148650000067
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 05-Oct-2014
    Ending_Date: 10-Oct-2014
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (303,096)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 18
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1.000000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1.000000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum 1988
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 m
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meter
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    201410_Single_Beam_XYZ_Wilderness_Breach.csv
    Comma delimited xyz file (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Easting_m
    NAD83 UTM x-axis coordinate (Zone 18N) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:676119
    Maximum:678791
    Units:Meter
    Northing_m
    NAD83 UTM y-axis coordinate (Zone 18N) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4509221
    Maximum:4512065
    Units:Meter
    Elev_NAVD88_m
    z-value (elevation) in NAVD88 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-8.11
    Maximum:-0.31
    Units:Meter
    Line_Num
    Transect Line Number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:12
    Maximum:84
    Vessel
    Vessel ID Number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:2
    Date
    Date and Time of Sample (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5 October 2014 19:39:30
    Maximum:10 October 2014 16:17:24
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Comma delimited xyz file containing UTM X, UTM Y locations and corresponding Z elevation value, all in meters.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Single-beam bathymetric point data for Wilderness Breach, Fire Island, NY created from data collected between October 5, 2014 and October 10, 2014.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Timothy R. Nelson
    U.S. Geological Survey
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To determine the change Hurricane Sandy caused in the shoreface morphology and breach evolution at Fire Island, New York, USA, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) conducted a bathymetric survey of Fire Island from October 5-10, 2014. The objectives of the data collection effort were to map the morphology of the wilderness breach and adjacent shoreface, Fire Island Inlet, Narrow Bay, and Great South Bay east of Nicoll Bay the shoreface as part of the USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B. This dataset, 201410_Single_Beam_XYZ_Wilderness_Breach.zip, consists of single-beam elevation and global positioning system (GPS) data collected with personal watercraft (PWC).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2014 (process 1 of 10)
    GPS Acquisition: Horizontal and vertical positioning of each vessel and backpack was were collected determined using a base-rover configuration. Data were recorded at 10 Hertz (Hz) using Ashtech ProFlex™ 500 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with Thales choke ring antennas. Three stationary base stations (REST, VC, and U374) were occupied during the surveys. The stationary base at published NGS benchmark U374 (Permanent Identification number (PID#) KU0206) was equipped with an Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) satellite uplink system for remote monitoring of the base station. U374 consisted of an Ashtech Proflex 500 GNSS receiver and an Ashtech choke ring antenna with a vertical offset of 1.24 meters (m). GPS data acquired by the PWCs, backpack, wheel-mount, and the REST and VC base stations were downloaded at the end of each survey day. A small segment of the U374 data was downloaded via the BGAN network nightly to ensure the system was operating properly. Reference station coordinates were verified with Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) stations using OPUS, (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/). OPUS computed reference positions had a vertical error of 0.007 m and horizontal errors of 0.8 cm and 0.6 cm for East-West and North-South, respectively. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Billy J. Reynolds
    Engineering Technician
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8067 (voice)
    727-502-8181 (FAX)
    breynolds@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 2 of 10)
    Single-Beam Sounding Acquisition: The single-beam bathymetric data were collected on two Yamaha (2010 and 2013) VX Deluxe personal watercraft. HYPACK version 2013 was used for positioning and navigation during the survey. Depth soundings were recorded at 10 Hz using an Odom Ecotrac CV-100 Digital Hydrographic Echo Sounder system with 200 kHz transducers with 4-degree (vessel 1) and 9-degree (vessel 2) transducers. Soundings were merged into a raw data file (.raw) and a sounding file (.bin) in HYPACK. Each file was named according to transect number and coordinated universal time (UTC). Water column sound velocity measurements were collected periodically throughout the survey, using a SonTek CastAway conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor. Data were processed using SonTek CastAway CTD software version 1.5. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 3 of 10)
    Single-Beam Differentially Corrected Navigation Processing: Positions and elevations associated with each sounding were post-processed using differential corrections derived from the base/rover setup. Applying the base station coordinates, GPS data acquired from the rover were processed to the concurrent GPS session data at the base station- using GrafNav version 8.5 software (Waypoint Product Group). The horizontal and vertical coordinates were recorded in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) reference frame and exported as an ASCII file for each vessel and each survey day. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Billy J. Reynolds
    Engineering Technician
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8067 (voice)
    727-502-8181 (FAX)
    breynolds@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 4 of 10)
    Single-Beam Processing: Soundings were merged with processed Differential GPS data and sound velocity profiles using Matlab to visually analyze single-beam soundings and correct for errors such as elevation outliers and dropouts associated with wave breaking in the surf zone. When this is suspected, a corrected seafloor elevation was manually digitized by analyzing the complete waveform signal recorded by the Odom within the .bin data file. The soundings were then corrected for the speed of sound associated with the mean water temperature and salinity. A moving average filter was then applied to the soundings in order to reduce instrument noise and noise associated with the pitch and roll of the PWC. The soundings were referenced to the height of the GPS antenna and subsequently to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Date: 2014 (process 5 of 10)
    Single-Beam Datum transformation: NOAA’s VDatum v3.3 was used to transform single beam data points (x, y, and z data) from their acquisition datum (WGS84) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) reference frame and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) elevation using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) geoid model of 2012A (GEOID12A). For conversion from the WGS84 ellipsoid to NAVD88 there is a total of 5.4 cm of uncertainty in the transformation (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/docs/est_uncertainties.html). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Date: 2015 (process 6 of 10)
    Single-Beam Error Analysis: The accuracy of the single-beam soundings was evaluated by identifying locations where survey track lines either crossed or were within a horizontal distance of 0.25 m of each other. Any track line associated with a crossing that had an elevation differing by greater than 0.6 m, compared to crossing lines, was removed. Evaluation of the remaining track line crossings indicated there was an overall mean difference of 3.8 cm (based on 210 crossings) and (root mean square) RMS error of 16.5 cm (based on 696 crossings). Applying the square root of the sum of the datum conversion uncertainty (5.4 cm) and the sounding uncertainty (16.5 cm) results in a combined vertical error of 17.4 cm. Horizontal uncertainty is assumed to be at most half of the vertical uncertainty (8.7 cm). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Date: 2015 (process 7 of 10)
    Export Transects: Using Matlab, partial lines (the result of restarting the line in the middle of a transect) were subsequently merged with similar segments to create one seamless line. When repeats were present, only a single line was retained. Vessel 1 elevations were adjusted to those of vessel 2 for consistency (3.8 cm). The data were then combined into a single ASCII file consisting of position, elevation, line number, vessel number, and time of sampling. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • 201410_PWC_XYZ.csv
    Date: 2015 (process 8 of 10)
    Extract Single-Beam Wilderness Breach XYZ: The adjusted single-beam data points were imported into ArcGIS using the ”Create Feature Class from XY Table” tool in ArcCatalog. A polygon was then created surrounding data points within the Fire Island wilderness breach in ArcGIS. The polygon vertices were converted to points using the “Feature Vertices to Points” tool, “Add XY Coordinates” tool, and exported as an ASCII file using the “Export Feature Attribute to ASCII” tool. This polygon ASCII file was subsequently imported into Matlab. PWC data points within or on this polygon were then extracted and saved as an ASCII file. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    Geologist
    600 4th St. S
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • 201410_Single_Beam_XYZ_Wilderness_Breach.csv
    Date: 29-May-2018 (process 9 of 10)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized by correcting variations of theme keyword thesauri and updating/adding keywords. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Arnell S. Forde
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    aforde@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 10 of 10)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Nelson, Timothy R., Miselis, Jennifer L., Hapke, Cheryl J., Wilson, Kathleen E., Henderson, Rachel E., Brenner, Owen T., Reynolds, Billy J., and Hansen, Mark E., 20160707, Coastal Bathymetry Data Collected in June 2014 from Fire Island, New York: the Wilderness Breach and Shoreface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series DS 1007, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The accuracy of the data is determined during data collection. This dataset is derived from a single field survey using identical equipment, setup procedures, and staff; therefore, the dataset is internally consistent. Methods are employed to maintain data collection consistency. During setup, each piece of equipment is isolated to obtain internal and external offset measurements with respect to the survey platform. All the critical measurements are recorded manually and digitally entered into their respective programs. For single-beam soundings, distance between the transducer and GPS antenna were measured for each personal watercraft and accounted for during post-processing.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The GPS antenna and receiver acquisition configuration used at the base station was duplicated on the survey vessel (rover). The base receiver and the rover receiver recorded their positions concurrently at 10 hertz (Hz) recording intervals throughout the survey. All processed measurements were referenced to the base station coordinates. All static base station GPS sessions were submitted for processing to the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), which was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geodetic Survey (NOAA/NGS). OPUS results provided an error measurement for each daily solution with a horizontal accuracy estimated as 0.007 m root mean squared (RMS). The combined horizontal error was assumed to be at most half of the vertical offset.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The GPS antenna and receiver acquisition configuration used at the reference station was duplicated on the survey vessel (rover). The base receiver and the rover receiver recorded their positions concurrently at 10 Hz recording intervals throughout the survey. All processed measurements were referenced to the base station coordinates. OPUS results provided an error measurement for each daily solution. Applying these error measurements, the vertical accuracy of the base station is estimated to be 0.007 m root mean squared (RMS). The kinematic (rover) trajectories were processed using GrafNav v8.50 software by Novatel and Matlab. Occurrences where a single-beam track line crosses itself were used to determine vertical error. The calculated RMS error was 0.165 m. The combined vertical error from base station coordinate solutions, rover trajectories, and datum transformations is 0.174 m.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This is a complete post-processed x,y,z bathymetric data point file acquired with personal watercrafts within the wilderness breach on Fire Island, NY.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    The U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected shallow water bathymetric data in the Wilderness breach, Bellport Bay, Narrow Bay, Great South Bay east of Nicoll Bay, Fire Island Inlet, and the ocean shoreface within approximately 2.5 kilometers (km) of the wilderness breach. Single-beam soundings were collected in the wilderness breach (and associated flood and ebb tidal shoals), Fire Island Inlet, Narrow Bay, and the eastern end of Great South Bay. This zip archive contains the post-processed single-beam bathymetric data (x, y, z) acquired during a single field survey, in October 2014.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be referenced as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
Use_Constraints: These data should not be used for navigational purposes.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8098 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    trnelson@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? 201410_Single_Beam_XYZ_Wilderness_Breach.csv
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 22-Sep-2021
Last Reviewed: 06-Jan-2017
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Timothy R. Nelson
Geologist
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8098 (voice)
727-502-8182 (FAX)
trnelson@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/201410_Single_Beam_XYZ_Wilderness_Breach.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Wed Sep 22 17:19:08 2021