Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles-Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates: November 2016 Velocity Data

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Nelson, Timothy R., Dalyander, P. Soupy, Frank, Donya P., Penko, Allison M., Braithwaite, Edward F. III, and Calantoni, Joseph, 20211029, Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles-Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates: November 2016 Velocity Data:.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Nelson, Timothy R., Dalyander, P. Soupy, Frank, Donya P., Penko, Allison M., Braithwaite, Edward F. III, and Calantoni, Joseph, 20211029, Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles: Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9Z2XFRJ, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z2XFRJ

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.651
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.557
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.395
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.345
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 14-Nov-2016

   Ending_Date: 18-Nov-2016

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   2016-364-DD_velocity.zip

   This compressed file consists of oscillatory flow tunnel velocity data (52 individual .csv files) collected in November 2016 from the NRL in Stennis, MS. Laboratory studies were conducted on spherical- and patty-shaped particles on a roughened, flat false-floor. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

   time(s)

   Vectrino velocity profiler record time of experiment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00000
   Maximum:	1163.63005
   Units:	seconds (s)

   u(m/s)

   Smoothed, along-tank water velocity as measured by Vectrino velocity profiler during experiment segment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-0.67651
   Maximum:	0.68975
   Units:	Meters per second (m/s)

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The entity and attribute information provided here describes the data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as entries of the dataset.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Timothy R. Nelson
   • P. Soupy Dalyander
   • Donya P. Frank
   • Allison M. Penko
   • Edward F. Braithwaite III
   • Joseph Calantoni
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset presents along-tank flow velocity data collected in November 2016. Along-tank flow velocities were collected by a single Vectrino acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) located centrally in the small-oscillatory flow tunnel housed at the NRL, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. The information contained within the comma separated values (CSV) files is needed to capture flow velocity at time of incipient motion. Each CSV file contains a unique name consisting of the experiment run number and trial, which is related to the corresponding video. Additional experimental settings are located in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csv and Data_Dictionary.csv.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 14-Nov-2016 (process 1 of 6)

   In November 2016, experiments were conducted at NRL's Sediment Dynamics Laboratory, located in Stennis, MS. Spherical- and patty-shaped particles representing aSOAs were deployed on a roughened-false floor in the Small-Oscillatory Flow Tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm by 25 cm and a test bed length of 2 meters (m). Oscillating currents (simulating bottom velocities generated by waves) were driven in the tank by a flywheel with variable frequencies (5-90 rotations per minute) and stroke lengths (22, 33, or 44 cm). Four cameras (two Canon 7D digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) and two GoPro Hero3+) were mounted outside the tank to record particle movement at 29.97 fps in 1920x1088 for the two Canon 8D DSLR and 1920x1080 pixel resolution for two the GoPro Hero3+. Camera A (Canon 7D) was outfitted with an 18-55 mm zoom lens at a 29 mm focal length and Camera B (Canon 7D) used an 18 mm fisheye lens. The GoPros (GP01 and GP02) were outfitted with the default fisheye. Recording was triggered with a hardwired camera switch for Cameras A and B, while the GoPro Apple iOS application was used to wirelessly trigger the two GoPro cameras. A Nortec Vectrino Doppler current profiler was installed, centrally, within the flow tunnel with the sensor submerged in the water. Detailed information of the small-oscillatory flow tunnel can be found in Calantoni and others (2013). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 4th St. S

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

   Date: 14-Nov-2016 (process 2 of 6)

   Velocities were logged by a Vectrino acoustic Doppler profiler centrally-mounted within the tank. Velocity recording was remotely started from a connected computer after the beginning of the video recording. The start of the velocity record was indicated in the video by a single blink of a red LED indicator light, which was in the field of view of all cameras. 3D velocity was logged by the Vectrino software package and saved as raw binary files with file extension ".ntk" and a MATLAB version 2018b-readable format ".mat". The Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler measured the 3D water velocity (meters per second, m/s) of a 3.5 cm profile below the instrument, with 1-mm spaced bins and a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

   Date: 07-Aug-2017 (process 3 of 6)

   Raw Vectrino data were processed in MATLAB by a script called "VectrinoII_ProcessData_2016.m" (modified NRL script), which extracted time, depth information, 3D velocity (m/s), and temperature from the ".mat" data files created by the Vectrino software. Noise and data spikes were removed from the 3D velocity data using two methods. First, the raw time-series data were compared to a smoothed time-series that was calculated by using an evenly-weighted convolution filter with a window size of 10. A standard deviation was calculated from the difference between the raw and smoothed time-series. Any raw sample with a difference greater than three standard deviations was replaced with the smoothed value. A new smoothed time-series was then calculated from the de-spiked time-series. This process was repeated two additional times using the de-spiked time-series in place of the raw data. Next, any sample recorded with a correlation (a measure of signal quality calculated by the Vectrino profiler software) less than 70% were replaced in the record with non-number (NaN) values. Quality controlled records of de-spiked and smoothed de-spiked velocity, temperature, distance from transducer, distance from bed, and sample time were saved in MATLAB readable ".mat" files. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

   Date: 07-Aug-2017 (process 4 of 6)

   Free stream velocity is taken as an average of the Vectrino velocity bins, excluding any bins with erroneous velocities (such as constant zero or near zero values) or out of phase velocities compared to adjacent bins. These erroneous values might be a result of interference with the side of the tank, reflections off particles, or transfer issues. Transfer issues resulted when the computer used to record the Vectrino data in real-time was also performing additional tasks or data transfer. The bins used to calculate the average for each experiment run are listed in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csv. Due to storage limitations, excessively long Vectrino records were split into two files by the Vectrino software. These files were merged after processing into a continuous time-series. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

   Date: 19-Sep-2019 (process 5 of 6)

   Each flow velocity time-series was visually quality controlled (QC) for instances of data transfer errors or tunnel interference which resulted in erroneously recorded velocity values. Transfer errors occurred when previously recorded video and velocity data was being saved to a network drive while the Vectrino was recording data to the computer in real-time. For the identified instances, the velocity was assigned a NaN value. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

   Date: 21-Sep-2021 (process 6 of 6)

   The time-series results of flow velocity and time were written to CSV files with data arranged in columns (including headers) using the MATLAB built-in function "fprintf.m". The velocity time-series for each experiment run is named DATE_RunID_velocity_data.csv, where DATE is in the form YYYYMMDD and YYYY is the four-digit year, MM is the two-digit month, and DD is the two-digit day, RunID is a unique run identification code indicating a specific set of sediment, flow symmetry, and stroke length and is described in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csv. RunID ends with the Trial Number which consists of the letter, "T" followed by a sequential number starting at 1. Trial indicates the sediment type in the tank, flow symmetry, and stroke length remained unchanged. This occurred when the length of the video approached the limits of the camera's storage, there was concern regarding the Vectrino data quality, or a leak was observed in the tank. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Calantoni, J., Landry, B.J., and Penko, A.M., 20130401, Laboratory observations of sand ripple evolution using bimodal grain size distributions under asymmetric oscillatory flows: Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue No. 65, p. 1497-1502, Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc., Plymouth, United Kingdom.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-253.1

   Dalyander, P.S., Plant, N.G., Long, J.W., and Mclaughlin, M., 20150505, Nearshore dynamics of artificial sand and oil agglomerates: Marine Pollution Bulletin Volume 96, Issues 1-2, p. 344-355, Elsevier, Ltd., Atlanta, GA, USA.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.049

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   The Vectrino ADP used to observe the oscillatory flow tunnel flow velocities measured 3D water velocity of a 3.5 cm profile below the instrument with 1-millimeter (mm) spaced bins and the distance from the instrument to the bed using coherent Doppler processing at a frequency of 100 Hertz (Hz). The Vectrino profiler was mounted in the center of the flow tunnel with the sensor completely submerged in the water.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   The height of the Vectrino above the roughened flatbed was measured each time the Vectrino was moved to access the tank. The height is recorded in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csv.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Velocity and time data are included for all experiments.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   All flow velocities were acquired with the same Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   Timothy R. Nelson

   Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

   Researcher VII

   600 Fourth Street South

   Saint Petersburg, Florida
   

   USA

   727-502-8098 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   trnelson@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The zip file, 2016-364-DD_velocity.zip, contains the Vectrino velocity and time data for all files listed in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csv
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	The WinZip (version 14.0) file provides flow velocity and time data collected during small-oscillatory flow tunnel laboratory experiments conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Stennis Mississippi and the associated metadata. in format comma-delimited text (version 1) Comma separated values file format Size: 17.4
     Network links:	https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z2XFRJ/data/2016-364-DD_velocity.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

   This zip file contains data available in CSV format. The user must have software capable of reading CSV files to use these data.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 29-Oct-2021

Metadata author:

Timothy R. Nelson

Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Researcher VII

600 Fourth Street South

Saint Petersburg, Florida

USA

727-502-8098 (voice)

727-502-8182 (FAX)

trnelson@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)