Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles-Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates: June 2017 Velocity Data

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Timothy R. Nelson
Originator: P. Soupy Dalyander
Originator: Donya P. Frank
Originator: Allison M. Penko
Originator: Edward F. Braithwaite III
Originator: Joseph Calantoni
Publication_Date: 20211029
Title:

Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles-Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates: June 2017 Velocity Data

Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Laboratory Observations of Variable Size and Shape Particles: Artificial Sand and Oil Agglomerates

Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9Z2XFRJ

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
Publisher:

U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z2XFRJ

Description:

Abstract:

Following marine oil spills, weathered oil can mix with sediment in the surf zone and settle to the seafloor to form mats up to hundreds of meters long. Wave action fragments these mats into 1- to 10-centimeter (cm) diameter sand and oil agglomerates (SOAs). SOAs can persist for years, becoming buried in or exhumed from the seafloor and/or transported cross-shore and alongshore (Dalyander and others., 2015). These fragments are angular near the source mat and become increasingly rounded as they are transported. To quantify SOA motion, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted experiments in November 2016 (field activity number (FAN) 2016-364-DD) and June 2017 (FAN 2017-329-FA) using various size, shape, and density artificial sand and oil agglomerates (aSOAs). Video and velocity data were collected under a range of hydrodynamic forcing scenarios in the Small-Oscillatory Flow Tunnel at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) located in Stennis, Mississippi. Between November 14 and 18, 2016, laboratory studies were conducted on spherical- and patty-shaped particles on a roughened flatbed. Two types of particles were used, one consisting of paraffin wax and sand, while the other was machine fabricated out of aluminum and coated in sand. Between June 5 and 8, 2017, laboratory studies were conducted on spherical, patty, ellipsoidal, and angular-ellipsoidal particles using paraffin wax and sand, aluminum, and three-dimensional (3D) printed plastic particles.

Purpose:

This dataset presents along-tank flow velocity data collected in June 2017. Along-tank flow velocities were collected by a single Vectrino acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) located centrally in the small-oscillatory flow tunnel housed at the NRL, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. The information contained within the comma separated values (CSV) files is needed to capture flow velocity at time of incipient motion. Each CSV file contains a unique name consisting of the experiment run number and trial, which is related to the corresponding video. Additional experimental settings are located in 2017-329-FA_Data_Table.csv and Data_Dictionary.csv.

Supplemental_Information:

This dataset (2017-329-FA_velocity.zip) contains CSV-formatted tabular digital data of flow velocity measurements collected during small-oscillatory flow tunnel laboratory experiments conducted at the NRL, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. To ensure that St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) data management protocols were followed, this survey was assigned USGS FAN, 2017-329-FA. Additional survey and data details are available at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-329-FA.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20170605
Ending_Date: 20170608

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.651
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.557
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.395
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.345

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:a3a9b0b0-7a1e-4b1b-8bf3-709e494856e6

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: hazards
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences
Theme_Keyword: industrial pollution
Theme_Keyword: petroleum
Theme_Keyword: laboratory experiments
Theme_Keyword: image collections
Theme_Keyword: photography

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: incipient motion
Theme_Keyword: Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler
Theme_Keyword: small-oscillatory flow tunnel
Theme_Keyword: photographs
Theme_Keyword: photos
Theme_Keyword: JPEG
Theme_Keyword: sand and oil agglomerate
Theme_Keyword: SOA
Theme_Keyword: artificial sand and oil agglomerate
Theme_Keyword: aSOA
Theme_Keyword: beach re-oiling
Theme_Keyword: oil spill
Theme_Keyword: Canon 7D DSLR camera
Theme_Keyword: Naval Research Laboratory
Theme_Keyword: NRL

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: John C Stennis Space Center
Place_Keyword: Mississippi

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J. Calantoni
Originator: B.J. Landry
Originator: A.M. Penko
Publication_Date: 20130401
Title:

Laboratory observations of sand ripple evolution using bimodal grain size distributions under asymmetric oscillatory flows

Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research
Issue_Identification: Special Issue No. 65, p. 1497-1502

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Plymouth, United Kingdom
Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-253.1

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: P.S. Dalyander
Originator: N.G. Plant
Originator: J.W. Long
Originator: M. Mclaughlin
Publication_Date: 20150505
Title: Nearshore dynamics of artificial sand and oil agglomerates
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:

Series_Name: Marine Pollution Bulletin
Issue_Identification: Volume 96, Issues 1-2, p. 344-355

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Atlanta, GA, USA
Publisher: Elsevier, Ltd.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.049

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

The Vectrino ADP used to observe the oscillatory flow tunnel flow velocities measured 3D water velocity of a 3.5 cm profile below the instrument with 1-millimeter (mm) spaced bins and the distance from the instrument to the bed using coherent Doppler processing at a frequency of 100 Hertz (Hz). The Vectrino profiler was mounted in the center of the flow tunnel with the sensor completely submerged in the water.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

All flow velocities were acquired with the same Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler.

Completeness_Report: Velocity and time data are included for all experiments.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The height of the Vectrino above the roughened flatbed was measured each time the Vectrino was moved to access the tank. The height is recorded in 2017-329-FA_Data_Table.csv

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

In June 2017, experiments were conducted at NRL's Sediment Dynamics Laboratory, located in Stennis, MS. Spherical- and patty-shaped particles representing aSOAs were deployed on a roughened-false floor in the Small-Oscillatory Flow Tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm by 25 cm and a test bed length of 2-meters (m). Oscillating currents (simulating bottom velocities generated by waves) were driven in the tank by a flywheel with variable frequencies (5-90 rotations per minute) and stroke lengths (22, 33, or 44 cm). Five cameras (two Canon 7D digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) and three GoPro Hero3+ were mounted outside the tank to record particle movement at 29.97 frames per second (fps) in 1920x1080 pixel resolution. Camera A (Canon 7D) was outfitted with an 18-55 mm zoom lens at a 29 mm focal length and Camera B (Canon 7D) used an 18 mm fish-eye lens. The GoPros (GP01, GP02 and GP03) were outfitted with the default fisheye lens. Recording was triggered with a hardwired camera switch for Cameras A and B, while the GoPro Apple iOS application was used to wirelessly trigger the three GoPro cameras. A Nortec Vectrino Doppler current profiler was installed centrally within the flow tunnel with the sensor submerged in the water. Detailed information of the Small-Oscillatory-Flow-Tunnel can be found in Calantoni and others (2013).

Process_Date: 20170605
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th St. S
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Velocities were logged by a Vectrino ADP centrally-mounted within the tank. Velocity recording was manually started from a connected computer after the beginning of the video recording. The start of the velocity record was indicated in the video by a single blink of a red LED indicator light, which was in the field of view of all cameras. 3D velocity was logged by the Vectrino software package and saved as raw binary files with file extension ".ntk" and a MATLAB version 2018b-readable format ".mat". The ADP measured the 3D water velocity (meters per second, m/s) of a 3.5 cm profile below the instrument, with 1-mm spaced bins and a sampling rate of 100 Hz.

Process_Date: 20170605
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Raw Vectrino data were processed in MATLAB by a script called "VectrinoII_ProcessData_2017.m" (modified NRL script) which extracted time, depth information, 3D velocity (m/s), and temperature from the ".mat" data files created by the Vectrino software. Noise and data spikes were removed from the 3D velocity data using two methods. First, the raw time-series data were compared to a smoothed time-series that was calculated by using an evenly-weighted convolution filter with a window size of 10. A standard deviation was calculated from the difference between the raw and smoothed time-series. Any raw sample with a difference greater than three standard deviations was replaced with the smoothed value. A new smoothed time-series was then calculated from the de-spiked time-series. This process was repeated two additional times using the de-spiked time-series in place of the raw data. Next, any sample recorded with a correlation (a measure of signal quality calculated by the Vectrino profiler software) less than 70% were replaced in the record with non-number (NaN) values. Quality controlled records of de-spiked and smoothed de-spiked velocity, temperature, distance from transducer, distance from bed, and sample time were saved in MATLAB readable ".mat" files.

Process_Date: 20170605
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Free stream velocity is taken as an average of the Vectrino velocity bins, excluding any bins with erroneous velocities (such as constant zero or near zero values) or out of phase velocities compared to adjacent bins. These erroneous values might be a result of interference with the side of the tank, reflections off particles, or transfer issues. Transfer issues resulted when the computer used to record the Vectrino data in real-time was also performing additional tasks or data transfer. The bins used to calculate the average for each experiment run are listed in 2017-329-FA_Data_Table.csv. Due to storage limitations, excessively long Vectrino records were split into two files by the Vectrino software. These files were merged after processing into a continuous time-series.

Process_Date: 20170805
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Each flow velocity time-series was visually quality controlled (QC) for instances of data transfer errors or tunnel interference which resulted in erroneously recorded velocity values. Transfer errors occurred when previously recorded video and velocity data was being saved to a network drive while the Vectrino was recording data to the computer in real-time. For the identified instances, the velocity was assigned a NaN value.

Process_Date: 20190919
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The time-series results of flow velocity and time were written to CSV files with data arranged in columns (including headers) using the MATLAB built-in function "fprintf.m". The velocity time-series for each experiment run is named DATE_RunID _velocity_data.csv, where DATE is in the form YYYYMMDD and YYYY is the four-digit year, MM is the two-digit month, and DD is the two-digit day, RunID is a unique run number indicating a specific set of sediment, flow symmetry, and stroke length for a given day and is described in 2016-364-DD_Data_Table.csf. RunID ends with the Trial Number which consists of the letter, "T" followed by a sequential number starting at 1. Trial indicates the sediment type in the tank, flow symmetry, and stroke length remained unchanged. This occurred when the length of the video approached the limits of the camera's storage, there was concern regarding the Vectrino data quality, or a leak was observed in the tank.

Process_Date: 20210921
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: 2017-329-FA_velocity.zip
Entity_Type_Definition:

This compressed file consists of oscillatory flow tunnel velocity data (62 individual .csv files) collected in June 2017 from the NRL in Stennis, MS. Laboratory studies were conducted on spherical, patty, ellipsoidal, and angular-ellipsoidal, using paraffin wax and sand, aluminum, and 3-D printed plastic particles on a roughened, flat false-floor.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: time(s)
Attribute_Definition: Vectrino velocity profiler record time of experiment.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00000
Range_Domain_Maximum: 821.60463
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: seconds (s)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: u(m/s)
Attribute_Definition:

Smoothed, along-tank water velocity as measured by Vectrino velocity profiler during experiment segment.

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.69037
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.69644
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters per second (m/s)

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The entity and attribute information provided here describes the data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as entries of the dataset.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

The zip file, 2017-329-FA_velocity.zip, contains the Vectrino velocity and time data for all files listed in 2017-329-FA_Data_Table.csv

Distribution_Liability:

This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: comma-delimited text
Format_Version_Number: 1
Format_Specification: Comma separated values file format
Format_Information_Content:

The WinZip (version 14.0) file provides flow velocity and time data collected during small-oscillatory flow tunnel laboratory experiments conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Stennis Mississippi and the associated metadata.

File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip
Transfer_Size: 18.1

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z2XFRJ/data/2017-329-FA_velocity.zip

Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the internet.

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites:

This zip file contains data available in CSV format. The user must have software capable of reading comma separated file format (csv) to use these data.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20211029
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson
Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Systems Solutions/U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Researcher VII
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

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