Core descriptions and sedimentologic data from vibracores collected in 2021 from Central Florida Gulf Coast Barrier Islands

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Bernier, Julie C., Everhart, Cheyenne S., Ciarletta, Daniel J., DeWitt, Nancy T., and Miselis, Jennifer L., 20240708, Core descriptions and sedimentologic data from vibracores collected in 2021 from Central Florida Gulf Coast Barrier Islands:.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Bernier, Julie C., Everhart, Cheyenne S., Ciarletta, Daniel J., DeWitt, Nancy T., and Miselis, Jennifer L., 20240708, Sediment Data from Vibracores Collected in 2021 From Central Florida Gulf Coast Barrier Islands: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P14L5SVG, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P14L5SVG

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.71787
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.84847
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.18783
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.62816
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 19-Feb-2021

   Ending_Date: 13-May-2021

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (11)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

      UTM_Zone_Number: 17
      Transverse_Mercator:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      

      Planar coordinates are encoded using Coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodectic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Altitude_System_Definition:

      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum 1988
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meter
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
      

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   2021-308-FA_CoreSites.csv, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.xslx, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.shp, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.kml

   Files containing the site locations and core parameters for 2021-308-FA vibracores. Files are provided in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx), comma-separated values (.csv), Esri shapefile (.shp), and Keyhole Markup Language (.kml) formats in the file 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.zip. (Source: USGS)

   FID

   Internal feature number (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute included only in the shapefile.

   Shape

   Feature geometry (Source: Esri) Geometry type defining the features. Attribute included only in the shapefile.

   CoreID

   Core identification number. (Source: USGS) Character string using the following convention: FAN-XX#, where the FAN is 2021-308-FA, and XX# is the unique core abbreviation and site number (AltID). For example, 2021-308-FA-MK1.

   AltID

   Alternate site identification information. (Source: USGS) Character string for the unique core abbreviation and site number, XX#. For example, MK1.

   Location1

   General description of site location. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   Anclote Keys	The core site was located at Anclote Keys, Pinellas County, FL.
   Honeymoon and Caladesi Islands	The core site was located at Honeymoon or Caladesi Island, Pinellas County, FL.
   Fort DeSoto	The core site was located at Fort DeSoto, Pinellas County, FL.

   Location2

   Localized description of site location. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   Dutchman Key	The core was collected at Dutchman Key, Pinellas County, FL.
   Anclote Key	The core was collected at Anclote Key, Pinellas County, FL.
   Caladesi Island	The core was collected at Caladesi Island, Pinellas County, FL.
   Honeymoon Island	The core was collected at Honeymoon Island, Pinellas County, FL.
   Cabbage Key	The core was collected at Cabbage Key, Pinellas County, FL.
   St Jean Key	The core was collected at St. Jean Key, Pinellas County, FL.
   Mullet Key	The core was collected at Mullet Key, Pinellas County, FL.

   DateColl

   Date the core was collected, written as DD-MON-YYYY (2-digit day, 3-letter month, 4-digit year). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	19-Feb-2021
   Maximum:	13-May-2021

   NAD83_Lat

   Latitude of site location, in decimal degrees relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	27.62816
   Maximum:	28.18783
   Units:	Decimal degrees
   Resolution:	0.00001

   NAD83_Lon

   Longitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-82.84847
   Maximum:	-82.71787
   Units:	Decimal degrees
   Resolution:	0.00001

   NAD83_Ell

   Ellipsoid height of site location, in meters. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-25.953
   Maximum:	-22.899
   Units:	Meters
   Resolution:	0.001

   NAD83_X

   X-coordinate (easting) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM 17N). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	318532.796
   Maximum:	330508.410
   Units:	Meters
   Resolution:	0.001

   NAD83_Y

   Y-coordinate (northing) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM 17N). (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3057215.052
   Maximum:	3119382.482
   Units:	Meters
   Resolution:	0.001

   NAVD88_G18

   Elevation (orthometric height) of site location, in meters relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) defined using the GEOID18 geoid model. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-0.858
   Maximum:	1.443
   Units:	Meters
   Resolution:	0.001

   Length_cm

   Vibracore length, in centimeters. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	139
   Maximum:	439
   Units:	Centimeters
   Resolution:	0.5

   Penetration_cm

   Depth vibracore penetrated below the sediment surface, in centimeters. This is equal to core length plus core compaction. Due to Character limitations, this is shortened to "Penetratio" in .shp and .kml files. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	289
   Maximum:	535
   Units:	Centimeters
   Resolution:	0.5

   Compaction_cm

   Vibracore compaction, in centimeters. This represents the difference between the recovered core length and the total depth the core barrel penetrated below the sediment surface and is calculated by taking measurements on the inside and outside of the core barrel prior to extraction. Due to Character limitations, this is shortened to "Compaction" in .shp and .kml files. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	51
   Maximum:	290
   Units:	Centimeters
   Resolution:	0.5

   2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.xlsx, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.csv

   Raw LS13 320 output listing the class weight retained in each aperture bin as a percent of the total sample weight. Files are provided in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) and comma-separated values (.csv) formats. Data for each core are separated by tabs in the .xlsx file. (Source: USGS)

   Sample Identity:

   Sample identification name (Source: USGS) Character string containing the sample identification information and set number.

   Analyst:

   Last name of the person analyzing the sample on the laser diffraction Coulter LS13 320 particle-size analyzer. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   Everhart	Cheyenne Everhart of the USGS SPCMSC conducted the analysis of the sample.

   Date:

   Date and time the sample was analyzed in MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS AM/PM format. (Source: Beckman Coulter LS13 320 Software)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	6/25/2021 10:07:00 AM
   Maximum:	7/28/2022 02:36:00 PM

   Aperture (microns)

   Coulter software bin aperture, in microns (Source: Beckman Coulter LS13 320 Software)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.375
   Maximum:	2000

   Class Weight Retained (%)

   The percent of that class weight retained of the total sample for the given bin aperature (Source: Beckman Coulter LS13 320 Software)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	14

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   2021-308-FA_GrainSizeData.zip- Summary LS13 320 and sieve grain-size data for vibracore sediment samples. Files are provided in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) and comma-separated values (.csv) formats (2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SumStats.csv, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SieveStats.csv, 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx). The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs used and the standard deviation of the averaged results are provided. Values of "N/A" (not applicable) in the sieve data indicate samples that were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide to remove organic matter and, therefore, were not sieved. For full entity and attribute details, please refer to the accompanying data dictionary, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_DataDictionary.docx. The 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx file contains a copy of the data dictionary as well as the summary LS13 320 and sieve data, separated by tabs. These metadata are not complete without the data dictionary file.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   2021-308-FA_CorePhotos.zip and 2021-308-FA_CoreLogs.zip- JPEG images containing high-resolution photos and descriptive logs for each core. Additional metadata (credit, contact information, copyright, usage terms, image descriptions, attribution url, metadata link, and georeferencing information) were added to the EXIF and other imagery headers of each core log image using Phil Harvey’s ExifTool. Please view the imagery headers within each file for more information.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Julie C. Bernier
   • Cheyenne S. Everhart
   • Daniel J. Ciarletta
   • Nancy T. DeWitt
   • Jennifer L. Miselis
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   Funding and (or) support for this study were provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program. The authors thank Joshua Marano of the National Park Service Everglades National Park for his assistance with data collection. This document was improved by scientific and metadata reviews by Noreen Buster and Breanna Williams (SPCMSC).
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: Julie C. Bernier

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   jbernier@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2021 (process 1 of 7)

   Vibracore acquisition- Vibracores were collected using an 8-horsepower Briggs and Stratton motor connected via an 8.5-meter-long (27.9-foot-long) shaft to a Dreyer 2 1/8-inch (5.4 centimeter [cm]) concrete vibrator head. The vibrator was attached to a 7.6-cm (3-inch) diameter aluminum core barrel using a clamp, and the core barrel was vibrated into the subsurface until refusal. Measurements were taken on the inside and outside of the core barrel prior to extraction to determine the amount of compaction, which is the difference between the recovered core length and the total depth the core barrel penetrated below the sediment surface. After extraction, each core was capped, sealed, and labeled with the core number and orientation. All cores were transported to the SPCMSC core laboratory for processing and analysis. Position and elevation data at each vibracore site were recorded using a Spectra Precision SP80 DGPS receiver and GNSS antenna receiving RTK corrections from the Florida Permanent Reference Network (FPRN) real-time network. RTK x,y positions were acquired in the Florida State Plane coordinate system and transformed to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17 North (UTM 17N) coordinate system using NGS VDatum software. RTK elevations were acquired as Florida State Plane ellipsoid heights and transformed to North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88) orthometric elevations, derived using the GEOID18 (G18) geodetic model. For SJK1, the raw position data were processed through OPUS. The OPUS-derived x,y coordinates were reported in NAD83, UTM 17N, and the OPUS-derived elevations were reported as NAVD88 G18 orthometric elevations. Core information was compiled into a comma-separated values file (.csv) and Microsoft Excel Worksheet (.xlsx) for inclusion in this data release. The 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.csv table was converted to a point shapefile (.shp) using the 'Table To Point Feature Class' geoprocessing tool in ArcGIS Pro to produce a geographic representation of the core sites. A non-proprietary version of the shapefile was created by converting the shapefile to a keyhole markup language (.kml) file in Google Earth Pro. These geospatial files can be found in 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.zip. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Julie C. Bernier

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   jbernier@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.csv
   • 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.xlsx
   • 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.shp
   • 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.kml

   Date: 2022 (process 2 of 7)

   Vibracore processing- At the SPCMSC core laboratory, each vibracore was split lengthwise, photographed, described macroscopically using standard sediment-logging methods, and subsampled for grain-size analysis and age control. Because samples were collected for OSL dating, care was taken not to expose the sediment to light. Core splitting and sampling was conducted in the dark with only a photographer's red lamp and the sample half of each core was wrapped in lightproof material for storage prior to subsampling. The archive half of each core was photographed in approximately 20- to 25-cm overlapping segments with a Nikon D80 digital camera with a 70 mm zoom lens using consistent (manually programmed) settings with autofocus from a fixed height. The raw images were white-balanced using GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) software, cropped to the same extent (to remove areas outside of the core barrel), and "stitched" together using The Panorama Factory software, providing seamless high-resolution whole-core images. Textural descriptions for the core logs are based on macroscopic observations. Sediment color is based on the Munsell soil color system (https://munsell.com/color-products/color-communications-products/environmental-color-communication/munsell-soil-color-charts/). Descriptive core logs were compiled using Rockware LogPlot 8 software, edited in Adobe Illustrator, and exported as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. Core photo and core log images are included in the 2021-308-FA_CorePhotos.zip and 2021-308-FA_CoreLogs.zip files of this data release. Grain-size and age-control samples consisted of 2-cm sections sampled at varying intervals down-core depending on the number and thickness of the observed sedimentologic units. Samples collected for OSL dating were placed in lightproof film canisters, labeled, and sent to the USGS Luminescence Dating Laboratory (Denver, Colorado) for analysis. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Julie C. Bernier

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   jbernier@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA-*.jpg

   Date: 2022 (process 3 of 7)

   Grain-size PSA analysis- At the SPCMSC sediment laboratory, grain-size analyses were performed using a Coulter LS13 320 (https://www.beckmancoulter.com/) PSA. The LS13 320 uses laser diffraction to measure the size distribution of sediments from 0.4 µm to 2 mm, encompassing clay to very coarse-grained sand. To prevent large shell fragments from damaging the instrument, particles greater than 1 mm in diameter (coarse sand) were separated from all samples prior to analysis using a number 18 (1 mm) U.S. standard sieve, which meets the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E11 standard specifications for determining particle size using woven-wire test sieves. Two subsamples from each sample were processed through the instrument a minimum of four runs each. Once introduced into the LS13 320, the sediment in the sample well was sonicated with a sonicator wand for 30 seconds (s) to separate any aggregates before starting the first run for both subsamples. The LS13 320 measures the particle-size distribution of each sample by passing sediment suspended in solution between two narrow panes of glass in front of a laser. Light is scattered by the particles into characteristic refraction patterns measured by an array of photodetectors as intensity per unit area and recorded as relative volume for 92 size-related channels (bins). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Cheyenne S. Everhart

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Physical Scientist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   ceverhart@usgs.gov

   Date: 2022 (process 4 of 7)

   Grain-size processing- The raw grain-size data was run through the free software GRADISTAT version 9, (Blott and Pye, 2001; kpal.co.uk/gradistat), which calculates the mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis of each sample geometrically, in metric units, and logarithmically, in phi (Φ) units (Krumbein, 1934), using the Folk and Ward (1957) scale. The raw (run) LS13 320 output files for all samples were compiled by GRADISTAT during import; those raw data are included in this data release for advanced users in the file 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeData.zip. GRADISTAT also reports the descriptive sediment texture after Folk (1954) and calculates the fraction of sediment from each sample by size category (for example, clay, coarse silt, fine sand) based on a modified Wentworth (1922) size scale. A macro function in Microsoft Excel, developed by the USGS SPCMSC, was applied to the data to calculate average and standard deviation for each sample set (8 runs per sample), and highlight runs that varied from the set average by more than ±1.5 standard deviations. Excessive deviations from the mean are likely the result of equipment error or extraneous organic material in the sample and are not considered representative of the sample. The highlighted runs were removed from the results and the sample average was recalculated using the remaining runs. The averaged (summary) results for all samples are included as a tab in a Microsoft Excel workbook (2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx) and as a comma-separated values (2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SumStats.csv) data file. The raw LS13 320 run data are also included as tabs (separated by core) in an Excel workbook (2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.xlsx) and as a comma-separated values (2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.csv) data file. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Cheyenne S. Everhart

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Physical Scientist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   ceverhart@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx
   • 2021-308-FA_2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SumStats.csv
   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.xlsx
   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.csv

   Date: 2022 (process 5 of 7)

   Grain-size sieve analysis- To evaluate the contribution of particles larger than 1 mm in diameter (coarse sand), a subsample of each sediment sample was also analyzed by sieving. The sediment was passed through a stack of sieves with progressively smaller openings using the assistance of a mechanical sieve shaker to determine grain-size distribution. U.S. standard sieves numbers 230 (63 µm), 120 (125 µm), 60 (250 µm), 35 (500 µm), 18 (1 mm), and 10 (2 mm) were used, which meet the ASTM E11 standard specifications for determining particle size using woven-wire test sieves. All dry sieve data was reported as a percent fraction of the total bulk dry weight of each sample subset. The results for all samples are included as a tab in an Excel workbook (2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx) and as a comma-separated values (2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SieveStats.csv) data file. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Cheyenne S. Everhart

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Physical Scientist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   ceverhart@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx
   • 2021-308-FA_2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SieveStats.csv

   Date: 2024 (process 6 of 7)

   Grain-size plots- The results of the sieve analyses (very coarse sand and gravel classes) were merged with the LS13 320 averaged results (coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, and mud classes) for each sample in Microsoft Excel and re-normalized to 100%. The down-core grain-size distributions were plotted in Matlab and exported as a JPEG image (included with 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeData.zip), with the cores sorted from north to south. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Julie C. Bernier

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   jbernier@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeDistributions.jpg

   Date: 2024 (process 7 of 7)

   Populating image headers- Additional metadata information were added to the exchangeable image file format (EXIF) and other imagery headers of each image using Phil Harvey’s ExifTool. The images were grouped by image type (core logs and photographs) into separate folders: 2021-308-FA_CoreLogs (11 images) and 2021-308-FA_CorePhotos (17 images). All information in the scripts were the same among all images, aside from the EXIF:ImageDescription, EXIF:DateTimeOriginal, EXIF:GPSLatitude and EXIF:GPSLongtitude information, as that information varies for each core. A separate script containing that header information was run on each image individually to populate those headers (see the third script). Image header information was also populated for 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeDistributions.jpg in 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeData.zip. However, since this image details grain-size distributions for all collected cores, the third script was not used, along with removing EXIF:GPSMapDatum and EXIF:GPSAreaInformation in the second script.
   First, the following command was run on all images in a folder to preserve filenames: exiftool -P "-XMP:PreservedFileName<Filename" *.jpg.
   Second, the following command was run on all images in a folder to populate the first set of headers. exiftool -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -IPTC:Contact="gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov" -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P14L5SVG" -XMP:Event="2021-308-FA" -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="Location of core collection site, GPS coordinates are in NAD83" -XMP:ExternalMetadataLink="https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS:11f59ca9-28a3-4d5b-bb31-88c76ccfe9c8.xml" -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="NAD83" *.jpg
   Third, the following command was run on each image in the folder to populate the unique image headers for each core. This example is for the 2021-308-FA-MK1 core photograph: exiftool -EXIF:ImageDescription="https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-308-FA; Core photograph for 2021-308-FA-MK1." -EXIF:GPSLatitude="27.62816" -EXIF:GPSLatitudeRef="N" -EXIF:GPSLongitude="82.73466" -EXIF:GPSLongitudeRef="W" -EXIF:DateTimeOriginal="2021:02:19 00:00:00" 2021-308-FA-MK1.jpg
   Fourth, the following command run on all images in a folder to copy information into duplicate tags: exiftool -P "-XMP-photoshop:Credit<IPTC:Credit" "-XMP-iptcCore:CreatorWorkEmail<IPTC:Contact" "-XMP-dc:Rights<EXIF:Copyright" "-XMP-dc:Description<EXIF:ImageDescription" "-XMP-exif:all<GPS:all" "-XMP-photoshop:DateCreated<EXIF:DateTimeOriginal" "-EXIF:GPSDateStamp<EXIF:DateTimeOriginal" -overwrite_original *.jpg
   To read out the imagery header information for a set of images to a .csv file, run the following command after connecting to the unzipped folder containing the images: exiftool -csv *.jpg > allheaders.csv Specific tags may be specified with this command, if preferred. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Julie C. Bernier

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   (727) 502-8000 (voice)

   jbernier@usgs.gov

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • 2021-308-FA_CorePhotos.zip
   • 2021-308-FA_CoreLogs.zip
   • 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeDistributions.jpg

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Forde, Arnell S., Bernier, Julie C., Buster, Noreen A., Ciarletta, Daniel J., and Miselis, Jennifer L., 20240312, Ground penetrating radar and elevation-corrected profiles collected in 2021 from central Florida Gulf Coast barrier islands: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9NV5NAP, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NV5NAP

   Ciarletta, Daniel J., Miselis, Jennifer L., Bernier, Julie C., Forde, Arnell S., and Mahan, Shannon A., 202303, Reconstructing the geomorphic evolution and sediment budget history of a dynamic barrier island: Anclote Key, Florida: Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2023 New Orleans, LA, USA, 11-15 April 2023, World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack, NJ.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0001

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1-11
   

   Buster, Noreen A., Bernier, Julie C., Brenner, Owen T., Kelso, Kyle W., Tuten, Thomas M., and Miselis, Jennifer L., 2018, Sediment data from vibracores collected in 2016 from Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1100, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1100

   Coulter, Beckman, 201110, LS 13 320 laser diffraction particle size analyzer.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.beckmancoulter.com/wsrportal/techdocs?docname=B05577AB.pdf

   Blott, Simon J., and Pye, Kenneth, 20010928, GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Volume 26, Issue 11.

   Online Links:

   • http://www.kpal.co.uk/gradistat.html
   • https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1237-1248
   

   Folk, Robert L., and Ward, William C., 19570301, Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Volume 27, No. 1.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 3-26
   

   Krumbein, William C., 19340801, Size frequency distributions of sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Volume 4, No. 2.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268EB9-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 65-77
   

   Wentworth, Chester K., 1922, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments: Journal of Geology Volume 30, No. 5.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.jstor.org/stable/30063207

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 377-392
   

   Folk, Robert L., 195407, The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature: Journal of Geology Volume 62, No. 4.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1086/626171

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 344-359
   

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Core locations were obtained by either (a) Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Real Time Kinetic (RTK) corrections during data collection or (b) processing the raw position data during data collection (core site SJK1) through NGS OPUS. Due to the assumption of grain sphericity of the Fraunhofer optical model used by the Coulter LS13 320 particle-size analyzer (PSA) for grain-size analysis, angular particles are measured by their longest axis (Beckman Coulter, 2011). When enough thin, angular material is present, the LS13 320 output files often report a percentage of the grain size distribution within the 1-2-millimeter (mm) fraction, despite all samples being sieved at 1 mm before analysis. The grain-size data represent the sample averages for a subset of the statistical parameters calculated by GRADISTAT (Blott and Pye, 2001). The number of runs included in the averaged results are reported, and the standard deviation of the averaged results are reported for most parameters. A secondary data review determined that all grain-size data reported met the laboratory’s quality control requirements. Beckman Coulter control standard G15 (15 microns [µm]) was analyzed on the Coulter LS13 320 particle-size analyzer before all sediment samples were analyzed and Beckman Coulter control standard GB500 (500 µm) was analyzed approximately every 3 days to validate instrument performance (Beckman Coulter, 2011).
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Position and elevation associated with each core site was determined by either (a) DGPS RTK corrections during data collection or (b) processing the raw position data during data collection through OPUS (core site SJK1). For RTK occupations, the reported horizontal accuracy ranged from 0.008 meters (m) to 0.018 m; at SJK1, the OPUS-derived estimated horizontal accuracy was 0.007 m.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Position and elevation associated with each core site was determined by either (a) DGPS RTK corrections during data collection or (b) processing the raw position data during data collection through OPUS (core site SJK1). For RTK occupations, the reported vertical accuracy ranged from 0.011 to 0.030 m and the VDatum-reported transformation uncertainty was 0.076 m; at SJK1, the OPUS-derive estimated vertical accuracy was 0.038 m.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. This data release includes the geographic locations, site elevations, core descriptions, core photos, and grain-size data (127 samples) from 11 vibracores collected from Dutchman Key, Anclote Key, Caladesi Island, Honeymoon Island, Cabbage Key, St. Jean Key, and Mullet Key study sites, Pinellas County, FL on February 19 and May 11-13, 2021 (USGS Field Activity Number 2021-308-FA).
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Position and elevation data at each core site were recorded with a Spectra Precision SP80 DGPS receiver and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna. Grain-size sample runs in the GRADISTAT output files for which the mean Folk and Ward (1957) grain-size varied from the set average by more than 1.5 standard deviations were not included in final averaged results.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SumStats.csv, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_SieveStats.csv, 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeStats.xlsx, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.xlsx, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_RunData.csv, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.csv, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.xslx, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.shp, 2021-308-FA_CoreSites.kml, 2021-308-FA-*.jpg, 2021-308-FA_GrainSizeDistributions.jpg, 2021-308-FA_GrainSize_DataDictionary.docx
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format, Microsoft Word format, JPEG, KML, shapefile
     Network links:	https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14L5SVG/data/2021-308-FA_CoreSites.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14L5SVG/data/2021-308-FA_CoreLogs.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14L5SVG/data/2021-308-FA_CorePhotos.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14L5SVG/data/2021-308-FA_GrainSizeData.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset.

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
   All spreadsheets were created in Microsoft Excel for Mac; these data are also provided as comma-separated values (.csv) text files. Core locations are also provided as geographic information system (GIS) data files in Esri shapefile (.shp) and Keyhole Markup Language (.kml) formats. These files may also be viewed with software such as QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/, 2024), Google Earth (https://earth.google.com/, 2024), or other GIS software capable of importing the data. Core logs, core photos, and grain-size distribution plots are provided in Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) format. Image metadata (exif and other imagery headers) for the JPEG images can be read using Phil Harvey’s ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 08-Jul-2024

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg, FL

USA

727-502-8000 (voice)

gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)