Projected Seafloor Elevation Along the Florida Reef Tract From Port St. Lucie to Marquesas Key, Florida-75 Years From 2001 Based on Historical Rates of Mean Erosion

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Projected Seafloor Elevation Along the Florida Reef Tract From Port St. Lucie to Marquesas Key, Florida-75 Years From 2001 Based on Historical Rates of Mean Erosion
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted research to quantify the combined effect of all constructive and destructive processes on modern coral reef ecosystems by projecting future regional-scale changes in seafloor elevation along the Florida Reef Tract, Florida (FL). USGS staff used historical bathymetric point data from the 1930's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Coast Survey, see Yates and others, 2017) and light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived data acquired in 2002 (Brock and others, 2006, 2007) to calculate historical seafloor elevation changes in the Upper Florida Keys (UFK) (Yates and others, 2017). Using those changes in seafloor elevation, annual rates of erosion were calculated for 13 habitat types found in the UFK reef tract. The annual rate of mean erosion for each habitat type was applied to a digital elevation model (DEM) extending from Port St. Lucie to Marquesas Key, FL that was modified from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) U.S. Coastal Relief Model coastal DEM (NOAA, 2001) to project future seafloor elevation (from 2001) along the Florida Reef Tract. Grid resolution for the DEM is 3-arc seconds (approximately 90 meters (m)).
Supplemental_Information:
USGS lidar elevation measurements (used in Yates and others, 2017, 2018) were collected over the Upper Florida Keys using the first-generation National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted on board an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. Data were collected under Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit FKNMS-2016-068.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Yates, Kimberly K., Zawada, David G., and Arsenault, Stephanie R., 20190801, Projected Seafloor Elevation Along the Florida Reef Tract From Port St. Lucie to Marquesas Key, Florida-75 Years From 2001 Based on Historical Rates of Mean Erosion: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Yates, Kimberly K., Zawada, David G., Smiley, Nathan A., and Tiling-Range, Ginger, 20170420, Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems: Biogeosciences, Munich, Germany.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.1804166667
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.9820833342
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.2645833333
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.4279166678
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2019
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 3404 x 2638 x 1, type Grid Cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 8.3E-4. Longitudes are given to the nearest 8.3E-4. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84).
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Mean lower low water (MLLW)
      Depth_Resolution: 1.0
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    75_Year_FloridaReefTract_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion.csv
    This file contains elevation statistics, provided in CSV format, for each habitat type found in the UFK. These data were used to compute the 75-year (from 2001) projected seafloor elevation change along the Florida Reef Tract. (Source: USGS)
    Habitat types in Florida Reef Tract study site
    The habitat types found in the Florida Reef Tract. Habitat types are defined by the Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0 and based on the Unified Classification (UC) system Class Level 2. (Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC))
    ValueDefinition
    Total study siteThe total Florida Reef Tract study site, includes all habitat types.
    Aggregate reefAggregate reef larger than 1 hectare (ha), contiguous reef, lacking sand channels.
    Colonized pavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formation, presence of macroalgae, hard coral, gorgonians, and other sessile invertebrates, dense enough to obscure underlying rock.
    Dredged and excavatedDredged and excavated areas.
    Individual or aggregated patch reefPatch reefs smaller than 1 ha, isolated reefs often with distinct halo or reef features covering >10% of the area.
    Not classifiedAreas where habitat has not been classified.
    PavementContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations.
    Pavement with sand channelsAlternating linear sand and pavement formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Pavement with seagrassContiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations with seagrass.
    Reef rubbleUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble.
    Reef rubble with seagrassUnconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble with seagrass.
    RidgeLinear, shore-parallel, low-relief features, potentially ancient shoreline deposits.
    Scattered rock or coral in unconsolidated sedimentMostly sand, reef features covering <10% of the area.
    Seagrass continuousContinuous seagrass beds.
    Seagrass discontinuousDiscontinuous seagrass beds.
    Spur and grooveAlternating linear sand and coral formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
    Tidal flatsTidal flats
    Unconsolidated SedimentUnconsolidated sediment
    Mean projected erosion 75 years from 2002 in the Upper Florida Keys (m/75 years)
    The mean projected erosion 75 years from 2002, in meters, derived from the Upper Florida Keys elevation change study. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-1.0891
    Maximum:-0.3932
    Units:meters
    Max elevation in the 75 year Florida Reef Tract seafloor projection DEM (m)
    Maximum projected seafloor elevation 75 years from 2001, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-3.1418
    Maximum:1.5707
    Units:meters
    Min elevation in the 75 year Florida Reef Tract seafloor projection DEM (m)
    Minimum projected seafloor elevation 75 years from 2001, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-59.150898
    Maximum:-1.929
    Units:meters
    Mean elevation in the 75 year Florida Reef Tract seafloor projection DEM (m)
    Mean projected seafloor elevation 75 years from 2001, in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-24.216351
    Maximum:-0.7415
    Units:meters
    SD (m)
    Standard deviation, in meters (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.622065
    Maximum:9.946021
    Units:meters

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kimberly K. Yates
    • David G. Zawada
    • Stephanie R. Arsenault
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kimberly K. Yates
    Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    United States

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data were used to determine 75-year future seafloor elevation changes (from 2001) along the Florida Reef Tract, based on mean erosion.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    U.S. Coastal Relief Model (source 1 of 3)
    National Centers for Environmental Information, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 20010101, U.S. Coastal Relief Model Vol.3 - Florida and East Gulf of Mexico: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Elevation Model
    Source_Contribution:
    The DEM was used as the starting elevation data to calculate future elevation based on data from the Upper Florida Keys per habitat type.
    Habitat file (source 2 of 3)
    Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 20170113, Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Vector digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    This shapefile was used to divide the DEM by habitat types using Unified Classification (UC) Class Level 2.
    Upper Florida Keys Seafloor Elevation Rate of Change (source 3 of 3)
    Kimberly K. Yates, David G. Zawada, Stephanie R. Arsenault, 2018, Projected Seafloor Elevation Change in the Upper Florida Keys 25, 50, 75, and 100 Years From 2002: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: CSV
    Source_Contribution:
    This data release contains the UFK projected seafloor elevation change for 13 habitat types that were applied to the Florida Reef Tract DEM.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2018 (process 1 of 7)
    Step 1: The original U.S. Coastal Relief Model Vol.3 - Florida and East Gulf of Mexico DEM was downloaded from https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:307. The network common data format (netCDF) DEM file was converted to a tagged image file format (TIFF) using Blue Marble Global Mapper version 19.1.0. All remaining steps were completed with Esri ArcGIS Desktop Advanced version 10.6. Using the original TIFF, a footprint of the DEM was created with the "Reclassify (Spatial Analyst)" tool in ArcToolbox by replacing all old data values with 1 and the "No Data" value with 0 to create a raster file. Then, the "Raster to Polygon (Conversion)" tool was used to create a footprint of the original Florida Reef Tract DEM by converting the raster file to a polygon shapefile (SHP).
    Date: 2018 (process 2 of 7)
    Step 2: The original Unified Florida Reef Tract Map version 2.0 polygon SHP file was downloaded from http://ocean.floridamarine.org/IntegratedReefMap/UnifiedReefTract.htm. Using Esri ArcGIS, the Artificial, Land, and Mangrove areas (ClassLv2) were removed from the habitat SHP file using the "Select by Attribute" tool to select the three habitat types, and then the Editor Toolbox to delete them.
    Date: 2018 (process 3 of 7)
    Step 3: The original Florida Reef Tract DEM TIFF (from Step 1), was clipped to the extent of the modified habitat SHP file (from Step 2) using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool in Esri ArcGIS by specifying the Florida Reef Tract DEM TIFF as the 'Input Raster' and the modified habitat SHP file as the 'Output Extent'. The clipped TIFF was used to extract two shoreline contours with the "Contour List (Spatial Analyst)" tool by adding 'Contour values' for 0-m, 0.05 m and -0.4 m contours. The shoreline contour SHP file was manually connected across inlets and gaps using the "Straight Segment" tool in the Editor Toolbox to draw straight lines between the seaward most points of channels or other breaks along the coastline. The backshore was removed from the contour SHP file by using the "Buffer (Analysis)" tool with a 'Distance Linear unit' of 1000 m. Then, the shoreline contour was smoothed with the "Smooth Line (Cartography)" tool using the Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel (PAEK) smoothing algorithm and a 50-m smoothing tolerance. Using the extended contour SHP file, a polygon SHP file was created using the "Feature to Polygon (Data Management)" tool by specifying the contour SHP file as the 'Input Features', to create the Coastal Clip SHP file. The clipped DEM TIFF was modified further using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool to remove coastal land areas by adding the DEM TIFF as the 'Input Raster' and the Coastal Clip SHP file as the 'Output Extent', creating the FloridaReefTract_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip TIFF.
    Date: 2018 (process 4 of 7)
    Step 4: The clipped habitat SHP file (from Step 2) was modified by removing coastal land areas using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool with the habitat SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the Coastal Clip SHP file (from Step 3) as the 'Clip Features', creating the FloridaReefTract_Habitat_Clip SHP file.
    Date: 2018 (process 5 of 7)
    Step 5: Mean future elevation for each habitat type in the FloridaReefTract_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip DEM was calculated by applying previously published mean erosion values in the Upper Florida Keys (UFK) that were projected 75 years into the future from the year 2002 (Yates and others, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CI9LNH). Mean projected erosion rates in the UFK were compiled by habitat type into a comma separated values (CSV) file using Microsoft Excel 2016.
    Date: 2018 (process 6 of 7)
    Step 6: Using the FloridaReefTract_Habitat_Clip SHP file in Esri ArcGIS, individual polygon SHP files were created for each habitat type using the "Select by Attribute" tool and exporting each habitat type as a separate SHP file. Individual DEMs were created from the FloridaReefTract_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip TIFF using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool to clip the full DEM to the extent of each habitat type SHP file by specifying the FloridaReefTract_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip as the 'Input Raster' and the habitat type SHP file as the 'Output Extent'. The "Raster Calculator (Spatial Analyst)" tool was used to project future erosion per habitat type by modifying individual habitat DEMs by adding or subtracting the corresponding 'Mean projected erosion 75 years from 2002 in the Upper Florida Keys (m/75 years)' from the 75_Year_FloridaReefTract_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion CSV file. Individual habitat DEMs were merged together using the "Mosaic to New Raster (Data Management)" tool with the 'Pixel Type' set to 32_BIT_FLOAT, 'Number of Bands' set to 1 and the 'Mosaic Operator' set to MEAN to create the final 75_Year_FloridaReefTract_Seafloor_Projection_DEM_MeanErosion TIFF file.
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 7 of 7)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Brock, John C., Wright, C. Wayne, Patterson, Matt, Nayegandhi, Amar, Patterson, Judd, Harris, Melanie S., and Mosher, Lance, 2006, EAARL Submarine Topography—Biscayne National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1118, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Brock, John C., Wright, C. Wayne, Nayegandhi, Amar, Patterson, Matt, Wilson, Iris, and Travers, Laurenda J., 2007, EAARL Submarine Topography – Northern Florida Keys Reef Tract: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1432, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Datasets were visually compared (with other overlapping datasets, satellite images, and maps) by USGS staff in Esri ArcGIS for identification of anomalous elevations or data inconsistencies. Where elevation inconsistencies occurred, the most recent and/or highest resolution dataset was selected for use in that region.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Due to the cell size of the gridded National Ocean Service (NOS) data (NOAA, 2001), assume a horizontal accuracy no better than 3 arc-seconds (or roughly 90 m).
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The vertical datum for the source bathymetric data (NOAA, 2001) was generally mean lower low water (MLLW). Source topographic data were in the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The differences between these datums are less than the vertical accuracy of the Coastal Relief Model (CRM), consequently, users can assign Mean Sea Level to the CRM, just recognize that the elevation values may not be as accurate as desired. Assume a vertical accuracy no better than 1 m for any elevation values in the CRM. Because of its relatively large cell size (3 arc-seconds or roughly 90 m), no effort was made to establish a common vertical datum as the uncertainty in the elevation value of each cell exceeds the differences between vertical datums (typically sub-meter).
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and Yates and others (2017) carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data cover the area specified for this project, without any known issues.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kimberly K. Yates
    Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    United States

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Kimberly K. Yates
Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER
Research Oceanographer
600 4Th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
United States

727-502-8059 (voice)
kyates@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/75_Year_FloridaReefTract_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion_metadata.faq.html>
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