Acidification and Increasing CO2 Flux Associated with Five, Springs Coast, Florida Springs (1991-2014)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Kira Barrera
Originator: Lisa Robbins
Publication_Date: 20170217
Title:

Acidification and Increasing CO2 Flux Associated with Five, Springs Coast, Florida Springs (1991-2014)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7WW7FVW

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WW7FVW

Description:

Abstract:

Scientists from the South West Florida Management District (SWFWMD) acquired and analyzed over 20 years of seasonally-sampled hydrochemical data from five first-order-magnitude (springs that discharge 2.83 m3 s-1 or more) coastal springs located in west-central Florida. These data were subsequently obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for further analyses and interpretation. The spring study sites (Chassahowitzka, Homosassa, Kings Bay, Rainbow, and Weeki Wachee), which are fed by the Floridan Aquifer system and discharge into the Gulf of Mexico were investigated to identify temporal and spatial trends of pH, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 flux.

Purpose:

The goal of this research was to determine whether the spring systems demonstrate significant changes in carbonate system parameters through time and space, and to identify the potential effects of spring-fed discharge into the Gulf of Mexico.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1991
Ending_Date: 2014

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.949523926065
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.378234863587
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.12778958461
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.221744489074

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:c0872c09-678d-4a33-a5b0-a8a760b6a751

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: geochemistry
Theme_Keyword: hydrology
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: climate change
Theme_Keyword: ocean acidification
Theme_Keyword: freshwater ecosystems

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: inlandwaters

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: springs
Theme_Keyword: CO2 flux
Theme_Keyword: environmental monitoring
Theme_Keyword: estuaries

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Florida Springs Coast
Place_Keyword: West Central Gulf Coast Florida
Place_Keyword: Marion County
Place_Keyword: Citrus County
Place_Keyword: Hernando County

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: modern

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kira Barrera
Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th St. South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: Fl
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kbarrera@usgs.gov

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Barnett, V., Lewis, T.
Publication_Date: 1994
Title: Outliers in Statistical Data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710370219

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dickson, A. G.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:

pH scales and proton-transfer reactions in saline media such as sea water

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90225-4

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dickson, A. G.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:

Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Deep Sea Research

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90004-F

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Lewis, E., and D. W. R. Wallace
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: Program developed for CO2 system calculations
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy

Publisher: ORNL/CDIAC-105

Online_Linkage: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Robbins, L. L., M. E.Hansen, J. A. Kleypas, and S. C. Meylan
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:

CO2calc:A user-friendly seawater carbon calculator for windows, Max Os X, and iOS (iPhone)

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: USGS.

Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1280/index.html

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Millero, F. J.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title: Carbonate constants for estuarine waters
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Marine and Freshwater Research

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF09254

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Raymond, P. A., and J. J. Cole.
Publication_Date: 2001
Title:

Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: choosing a gas transfer velocity

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Estuaries and Coasts

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/1352954

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Uppström, L. R.
Publication_Date: 1974
Title:

The boron/chlorinity ratio of deep- sea water from the Pacific Ocean

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Online
Publisher: Research Oceanography

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90074-6

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Utilizing the empirical rule (Barnett and Lewis, 1994), as a method for quality assurance and control of data, those values greater than three standard deviations from the mean were identified as outliers and removed from the dataset.

Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted
Completeness_Report:

Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Spring hydrochemical data were collected and analyzed by the South West Florida Management District (SWFWMD) and then subsequently obtained by the USGS from the Water Management Information System (WMIS) database (http://www18.swfwmd.state.fl.us/ResData/Search/ExtDefault.aspx. Hydrochemical data from stations associated with each of the five study springs and coastal study sites were aggregated by site, and subsequently aggregated seasonally. Spring stations that were sampled at irregular intervals throughout the study period were excluded from analysis. Spring water temperature was the only parameter with occasional missing values. Missing values were estimated by averaging the three most recent seasonal equivalents.

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Meteorological data (temperature and wind speed) was obtained from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) database (https://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu/).

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Atmospheric CO2 measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory were obtained (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/).

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The partial pressure of CO2 was calculated using the inputs of total alkalinity (TA) and pHTotal pairs (converted from pHNBS using Dickson 1984; Lewis and Wallace 1998), temperature, and salinity (converted from conductivity) using the CO2calc program v.4.0.1 (Robbins et al. 2010), the dissociation constants of carbonic acid from Millero (2010) and HSO-4 from Dickson (1990), and total borate from Uppström (1974). Air-water CO2 fluxes were also calculated utilizing CO2calc and the gas transfer velocity constant of Raymond and Cole (2001), wind speed, atmospheric pCO2 and water temperature.

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Keywords section of metadata optimized by correcting variations of theme keyword thesauri and updating/adding keywords.

Process_Date: 20180328
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Arnell S. Forde

Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aforde@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.

Process_Date: 20201013
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross

Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: SpringsCoastCarbonateData.csv, SpringsCoastCarbonateData.xlsx
Entity_Type_Definition:

Southwest Florida Water Management District hydrochemical data aggregated by spring group and season from 1991-2014

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Site Id
Attribute_Definition: The name of the sample collection location
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

A textual identifier of the sample collection location, denoted as either: spring group (Weeki Wachee, Chassahowitzka, Homosassa, Kings Bay, Rainbow), or coastal site.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year_Season
Attribute_Definition: The year and season of sample collection:
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1991_1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2014_1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

The year and season of sample collection: 1 = winter, 2 = spring, 3 = summer, 4 = fall

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Calcium (Dissolved) mg/L
Attribute_Definition:

The concentration of calcium in a water sample, measured in milligrams per liter (mg/l)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 30.15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 316
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams per liter (mg/l)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nitrate-Nitrite (N) mg/L
Attribute_Definition:

The concentration of Nitrate-Nitrite in a water sample, measured in milligrams per liter (mg/l)

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.85
Attribute_Units_of_Measure:

milligrams per liter (mg/l), value of -9999 denotes data not collected

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pH (Total) SU
Attribute_Definition: The acidity of a water sample on the seawater scale
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.00
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Standard Units (SU)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Alkalinity (Total) umol/kg
Attribute_Definition: A measure of the total buffering capacity of water
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1197.02
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3360.25
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromoles per kilogram of seawater (umol/kg)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Temperature (Total) Deg. (C)
Attribute_Definition: The in situ temperature of a water sample
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 17.84
Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.29
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius (C)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Salinity (psu)
Attribute_Definition: A measure of the salinity of a water sample
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.09
Range_Domain_Maximum: 24.57
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Practical salinity units (psu)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)
Attribute_Definition: A measure of the concentration of CO2 in the air
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 353.79
Range_Domain_Maximum: 398.35
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Parts per million (ppm)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Wind AVG (mph)
Attribute_Definition: Average wind speed
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.90
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.40
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Miles per hour (mph)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: pCO2 (microatm)
Attribute_Definition:

A measure of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in gas phase in equilibrium with a water sample.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 793.29
Range_Domain_Maximum: 18870.47
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Microatmospheres (microatm)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CO2 Flux (mmol/m2/d)
Attribute_Definition:

A measure of carbon dioxide gas exchange between air-water interface

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 114.75
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7749.75
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: (mmol/m2/d)

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kira Barrera
Contact_Organization: USGS

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th St. South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: Fl
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kbarrera@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: SpringsCoastCarbonateData.csv, SpringsCoastCarbonateData.xlsx
Distribution_Liability:

This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20201013
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kira Barrera
Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th St. N
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: Fl
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8044
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kbarrera@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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