Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James M. Bishop Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Nicholas J. Zaremba Originator: Brent D. Lunghino Originator: Haunani H. Kane Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Hurricane Sandy washover deposit data from southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey: Sample locations Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PK0D7 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James M. Bishop Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Nicholas J. Zaremba Originator: Brent D. Lunghino Originator: Haunani H. Kane Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Hurricane Sandy Washover Deposits on Southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2016-1090 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161090 Description: Abstract: Sedimentologic and topographic data from Hurricane Sandy (HS) washover deposits were collected from Southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey, in order to document changes to the barrier-island beaches, dunes, and coastal wetlands due to HS and subsequent storm events. These data will provide a baseline dataset for use in future coastal change descriptive and predictive studies and assessments. The data presented here were collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Physical Change Assessment Project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/sandy-wetland-assessment/), which aims to assess ecological and societal vulnerability that results from long- and short-term physical changes to barrier islands and coastal wetlands. This metadata record describes data that were collected in April 2015, approximately two and a half years after HS’s landfall on 29 October 2012. During the field campaign, washover deposits were photographed and described. In addition, sediment samples, cores, and surface elevations were collected. Data products provided in the associated USGS Data Release (available at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PK0D7S) include, sample locations and elevations, core photographs, computed tomography (CT) scans, descriptive core logs, sediment grain-size data, and accompanying Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Purpose: BH15_Core_locations.zip includes geographic locations, site elevations, descriptions, and selected metrics (core, trench, and sediment source) as comma separated values (.csv) files. Samples were collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey in April 2015 during USGS Field Activity Number (FAN) 2015-611-FA. Supplemental_Information: Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), and students from the University of Hawaii conducted field work from April 7th – 14th, 2015, during which time 49 trenches were dug, documented, and photographed. In addition, 33 sediment cores, 12 sediment source grab samples, and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) elevations were collected. Trenches were dug such that the walls were roughly parallel to the long axis of the washover fan (parallel to the inferred overwash flow direction). Each trench was photographed and described with special attention paid to identifying the depth of the pre-Hurricane Sandy surfaces, where possible. At some locations, the pre-Hurricane Sandy surface, identified using pre-Sandy aerial imagery, was a brown, rooted, peat or soil that has been overlain by a light-colored sand. In these cases, identification of the pre-HS surface in the field was obvious. In other locations, a shallow water table resulted in collapse of the trench walls before reaching the pre-HS surface. Cores were collected using either a 7.62 cm (3 inch) diameter push-core device or a 5.2 cm diameter, 50 cm long Russian peat auger. In general, push cores sampled shallow sediment that occurred above the groundwater table while the Russian cores were able to sample sediment within ponds or below the water table. In total 13 push cores and 20 Russian cores were collected. At six of the sites, multiple Russian cores were collected, each penetrating to different depths. Push cores were capped and sealed upon extraction and the location and core ID were recorded. A north arrow was marked on the push cores in order to orient them for CT scanning and laboratory analysis. Russian cores were transferred to PVC tubes that had been split lengthwise, then wrapped in plastic and taped. Location and core IDs were recorded but due to the nature of Russian core extraction, orientation was uncertain and not recorded. Bulk sediment grab samples weighing between 5 and 30 grams were collected from potential sediment sources and analyzed for grain size. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150407 Ending_Date: 20150414 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.29045 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.26328 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.53089 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.50887 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:8a3d3b33-ab8c-47f8-b44a-14fd0a47d756 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: overwash Theme_Keyword: sediment Theme_Keyword: sediment core Theme_Keyword: trench Theme_Keyword: grain-size Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: Long Beach Island Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The positional accuracy of the sample locations was determined by the accuracy of the raw position data recorded by the GPS antenna during data collection. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) coordinates were obtained using post-processing software packages (National Geodetic Survey On-Line Positioning User Service (OPUS) and Waypoint Product Group GrafNav, version 8.40). Logical_Consistency_Report: Position and elevation data at each sample site were recorded with an Ashtech DGPS receiver and geodetic antenna. DGPS data were recorded concurrently throughout the survey at multiple National Park Service benchmarks using a similar instrument combination. The final sample locations, including elevation, are the post-processed DGPS coordinates based on processing to the nearest base station; baseline distances for all sediment core sites were at most 65 km. Completeness_Report: This dataset includes the locations of 33 sediment cores, 49 trench sites, and 11 sediment source grab samples collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey in April 2015 (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: All static GPS base station sessions were processed through OPUS, maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The OPUS base-station solutions were entered into a spreadsheet to compute a final, time-weighted positional coordinate (latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height) for each base station. The mean horizontal error of the sample locations was 0.007 m. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: For this survey, the mean vertical error for was +/- 0.021 m. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Sampling locations were chosen by analyzing pre- and post-storm aerial imagery and lidar data to identify areas of Long Beach Island that were overwashed by HS. HS washover deposits were documented along five transects that were oriented roughly parallel to the long axis of the washover fan (that is, parallel to the inferred overwash flow direction). Sediment cores were collected and trenches were dug periodically along each of the transects. In addition to the 5 washover transects, trenches were dug and sediment cores were collected from areas that did not contain washover deposits from HS in order to document and compare sedimentologic characteristics of non-HS deposits. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Sample locations were recorded at the time of collections using Garmin GPSmap 60CSx handheld receivers. At most sampling locations, position and elevation data were also recorded using an Ashtech Proflex DGPS receiver and geodetic antenna. Field setup consisted of a rover receiver collecting GPS data at a frequency of 1 second. The receiver was placed within a backpack and connected to the antenna; data were recorded to a flash drive. The antenna was mounted on a metal pole with a spike on the bottom, the spike was pushed into the ground and, the height of the GPS antenna above the ground was measured and recorded whenever the system was setup. Each site was occupied from 5-45 minutes, the start and stop time of each occupation site were recorded. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The GPS data collected during Field Activity 2015-611-FA were differentially corrected by post-processing using continuous operating reference station (CORS) NJGT, NJOC and NJCM located approximately 23, 50 and 65 km away from the study location. It was necessary for multiple CORS sites to be used during post processing as a result of some of the CORS not being in operation during portions of data collection. Data for the CORS used during processing of the GPS data were obtained from NOAA (http://geodesy.noaa.gov/cgi-cors/corsage_2.prl). The CORS location coordinates were imported into GrafNav, version 8.4 (NovAtel Waypoint Product Group), and the data from the rover GPS (the GPS unit used to collect data at each sample site) were post-processed to the concurrent CORS session. The position data were later exported from GrafNav, as a text (.txt) file. Vertical GPS accuracies ranged from 13 mm (25 km CORS station) to 30 mm (65 km CORS station) and horizontal GPS accuracies ranged from 5 mm (25km CORS station) to 10 mm (65 km CORS station). Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) transformation software packages HTDP (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml), version 3.2.3 and VDatum, version 3.2 (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/), the sample locations that were previously exported from GrafNav were transformed from the GPS acquisition datum (WGS84) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18 north (18N) reference frame and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) orthometric elevation, using the NGS geoid model of 2012A (GEOID12A). Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: At the PCMSC sediment core lab, push cores were split lengthwise, parallel to the long axis of the washover fan from which they were collected, then photographed and described using standard sediment logging methods. Push cores were sub-sampled at 1 cm intervals for grain-size analysis. Sample frequencies varied from core-to-core based on observed lithologic changes. Russian cores were photographed and described after removing tape and plastic wrap from the core. Grain-size analysis was not performed on Russian cores. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: Meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BH15_Core_locations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for push cores and Russian peat augers collected April 2015 from Long Beach Island, NJ (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BH15_Sed_source_sample_locations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for sediment source samples collected in April 2015 from Long Beach Island, New Jersey (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BH15_trench_locations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for trenches documented in April 2015 from Long Beach Island, New Jersey (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core_ID Attribute_Definition: Core identifier. For Russian peat auger cores (e.g. BH15_RCXX_XX_XXX) the number immediately following RC indicate the core number and the numbers at the end of the string indicate the depth interval the core was collected from. For example, BH15_RC01_30_80 indicates that Russian peat auger core RC01 was collected from 30 to 80 centimeters depth. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample_ID Attribute_Definition: Sediment sample identifier Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Transect Attribute_Definition: Transect number where the core or trench was located. Not all cores were located on transects. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Trench Attribute_Definition: The trench number on a particular transect where a core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAD83_Lat Attribute_Definition: Latitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 39.508871 Range_Domain_Maximum: 39.530893 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAD83_Lon Attribute_Definition: Longitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -74.290449 Range_Domain_Maximum: -74.263279 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAD83_X Attribute_Definition: X-coordinate (easting) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 18 N) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 560998.729 Range_Domain_Maximum: 563315.242 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAD83_Y Attribute_Definition: Y-coordinate (northing) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 18 N) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4373490.438 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4375915.688 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAD83_Ell Attribute_Definition: Ellipsoid height of site location, in meters (NAD83) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -33.831 Range_Domain_Maximum: -31.819 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAVD88_G12A_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation (orthometric height) of site location, in meters (NAD83, GEOID 12A) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.117 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.150 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation_uncertainty_cm Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty (error) in elevation measurements (NAVD88G12A_m). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.33 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LENGTH_cm Attribute_Definition: Core length, in centimeters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 20 Range_Domain_Maximum: 70 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: D_MARSH_cm Attribute_Definition: Depth to marsh surface, in centimeters; depth = 0 indicates core collected from extant marsh Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 80.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ELEV_MARSH_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation of marsh surface, in meters (NAD83, GEOID 12A) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.057 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.345 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth_cm Attribute_Definition: Depth of trench, in centimeters Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 83 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Top_depth_cm Attribute_Definition: Depth of the top of a Push core or Russian peat auger core. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 150 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Centimeters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Top_elev_cm Attribute_Definition: Elevation (NAVD88G12A_m) of the top of a Push core or Russian peat auger core. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.195 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.685 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: COMMENT Attribute_Definition: Additional site or core information Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable data Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Compressed (zip) archive Format_Version_Date: 2016 Format_Specification: Tabular digital data Format_Information_Content: This zip archive includes the geographic locations, site elevations, site descriptions, and core and trench metrics as comma separated values (.csv) files for sediment cores collected and trenches documented from Long Beach Island, NJ in April, 2015 (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA). File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: 0.020 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7PK0D7S/ Fees: None, if obtained online Technical_Prerequisites: The sample location tables were created in Microsoft Excel 2010 and can be opened using Microsoft Excel 2007 or higher; these data may also be viewed using the free Microsoft Excel Viewer (http://office.microsoft.com/) or in widely available text editing software such as Microsoft Notepad. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James M. Bishop Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-351-2559 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jmbishop@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of this dataset. Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None