James M. Bishop
Bruce M. Richmond
Nicholas J. Zaremba
Brent D. Lunghino
Haunani H. Kane
2016
Hurricane Sandy washover deposit data from southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey: Sample locations
Tabular digital data
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PK0D7
James M. Bishop
Bruce M. Richmond
Nicholas J. Zaremba
Brent D. Lunghino
Haunani H. Kane
2016
Hurricane Sandy Washover Deposits on Southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey
Multimedia presentation
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2016-1090
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161090
Sedimentologic and topographic data from Hurricane Sandy (HS) washover deposits were collected from Southern Long Beach Island, New Jersey, in order to document changes to the barrier-island beaches, dunes, and coastal wetlands due to HS and subsequent storm events. These data will provide a baseline dataset for use in future coastal change descriptive and predictive studies and assessments. The data presented here were collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Physical Change Assessment Project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/sandy-wetland-assessment/), which aims to assess ecological and societal vulnerability that results from long- and short-term physical changes to barrier islands and coastal wetlands. This metadata record describes data that were collected in April 2015, approximately two and a half years after HS’s landfall on 29 October 2012. During the field campaign, washover deposits were photographed and described. In addition, sediment samples, cores, and surface elevations were collected. Data products provided in the associated USGS Data Release (available at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PK0D7S) include, sample locations and elevations, core photographs, computed tomography (CT) scans, descriptive core logs, sediment grain-size data, and accompanying Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.
BH15_Core_locations.zip includes geographic locations, site elevations, descriptions, and selected metrics (core, trench, and sediment source) as comma separated values (.csv) files. Samples were collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey in April 2015 during USGS Field Activity Number (FAN) 2015-611-FA.
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC), and students from the University of Hawaii conducted field work from April 7th – 14th, 2015, during which time 49 trenches were dug, documented, and photographed. In addition, 33 sediment cores, 12 sediment source grab samples, and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) elevations were collected.
Trenches were dug such that the walls were roughly parallel to the long axis of the washover fan (parallel to the inferred overwash flow direction). Each trench was photographed and described with special attention paid to identifying the depth of the pre-Hurricane Sandy surfaces, where possible. At some locations, the pre-Hurricane Sandy surface, identified using pre-Sandy aerial imagery, was a brown, rooted, peat or soil that has been overlain by a light-colored sand. In these cases, identification of the pre-HS surface in the field was obvious. In other locations, a shallow water table resulted in collapse of the trench walls before reaching the pre-HS surface.
Cores were collected using either a 7.62 cm (3 inch) diameter push-core device or a 5.2 cm diameter, 50 cm long Russian peat auger. In general, push cores sampled shallow sediment that occurred above the groundwater table while the Russian cores were able to sample sediment within ponds or below the water table. In total 13 push cores and 20 Russian cores were collected. At six of the sites, multiple Russian cores were collected, each penetrating to different depths. Push cores were capped and sealed upon extraction and the location and core ID were recorded. A north arrow was marked on the push cores in order to orient them for CT scanning and laboratory analysis. Russian cores were transferred to PVC tubes that had been split lengthwise, then wrapped in plastic and taped. Location and core IDs were recorded but due to the nature of Russian core extraction, orientation was uncertain and not recorded. Bulk sediment grab samples weighing between 5 and 30 grams were collected from potential sediment sources and analyzed for grain size.
20150407
20150414
Ground condition
None planned
-74.29045
-74.26328
39.53089
39.50887
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:8a3d3b33-ab8c-47f8-b44a-14fd0a47d756
None
overwash
sediment
sediment core
trench
grain-size
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
New Jersey
Long Beach Island
None
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1.
The positional accuracy of the sample locations was determined by the accuracy of the raw position data recorded by the GPS antenna during data collection. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) coordinates were obtained using post-processing software packages (National Geodetic Survey On-Line Positioning User Service (OPUS) and Waypoint Product Group GrafNav, version 8.40).
Position and elevation data at each sample site were recorded with an Ashtech DGPS receiver and geodetic antenna. DGPS data were recorded concurrently throughout the survey at multiple National Park Service benchmarks using a similar instrument combination. The final sample locations, including elevation, are the post-processed DGPS coordinates based on processing to the nearest base station; baseline distances for all sediment core sites were at most 65 km.
This dataset includes the locations of 33 sediment cores, 49 trench sites, and 11 sediment source grab samples collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey in April 2015 (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA).
All static GPS base station sessions were processed through OPUS, maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The OPUS base-station solutions were entered into a spreadsheet to compute a final, time-weighted positional coordinate (latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height) for each base station. The mean horizontal error of the sample locations was 0.007 m.
For this survey, the mean vertical error for was +/- 0.021 m.
Sampling locations were chosen by analyzing pre- and post-storm aerial imagery and lidar data to identify areas of Long Beach Island that were overwashed by HS. HS washover deposits were documented along five transects that were oriented roughly parallel to the long axis of the washover fan (that is, parallel to the inferred overwash flow direction). Sediment cores were collected and trenches were dug periodically along each of the transects. In addition to the 5 washover transects, trenches were dug and sediment cores were collected from areas that did not contain washover deposits from HS in order to document and compare sedimentologic characteristics of non-HS deposits.
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
Sample locations were recorded at the time of collections using Garmin GPSmap 60CSx handheld receivers. At most sampling locations, position and elevation data were also recorded using an Ashtech Proflex DGPS receiver and geodetic antenna. Field setup consisted of a rover receiver collecting GPS data at a frequency of 1 second. The receiver was placed within a backpack and connected to the antenna; data were recorded to a flash drive. The antenna was mounted on a metal pole with a spike on the bottom, the spike was pushed into the ground and, the height of the GPS antenna above the ground was measured and recorded whenever the system was setup. Each site was occupied from 5-45 minutes, the start and stop time of each occupation site were recorded.
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
The GPS data collected during Field Activity 2015-611-FA were differentially corrected by post-processing using continuous operating reference station (CORS) NJGT, NJOC and NJCM located approximately 23, 50 and 65 km away from the study location. It was necessary for multiple CORS sites to be used during post processing as a result of some of the CORS not being in operation during portions of data collection. Data for the CORS used during processing of the GPS data were obtained from NOAA (http://geodesy.noaa.gov/cgi-cors/corsage_2.prl). The CORS location coordinates were imported into GrafNav, version 8.4 (NovAtel Waypoint Product Group), and the data from the rover GPS (the GPS unit used to collect data at each sample site) were post-processed to the concurrent CORS session. The position data were later exported from GrafNav, as a text (.txt) file. Vertical GPS accuracies ranged from 13 mm (25 km CORS station) to 30 mm (65 km CORS station) and horizontal GPS accuracies ranged from 5 mm (25km CORS station) to 10 mm (65 km CORS station).
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
Using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) transformation software packages HTDP (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml), version 3.2.3 and VDatum, version 3.2 (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/), the sample locations that were previously exported from GrafNav were transformed from the GPS acquisition datum (WGS84) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18 north (18N) reference frame and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) orthometric elevation, using the NGS geoid model of 2012A (GEOID12A).
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
At the PCMSC sediment core lab, push cores were split lengthwise, parallel to the long axis of the washover fan from which they were collected, then photographed and described using standard sediment logging methods. Push cores were sub-sampled at 1 cm intervals for grain-size analysis. Sample frequencies varied from core-to-core based on observed lithologic changes. Russian cores were photographed and described after removing tape and plastic wrap from the core. Grain-size analysis was not performed on Russian cores.
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Universal Transverse Mercator
18
0.9996
-75.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
0.001
0.001
Meters
D North American 1983
GRS 1980
6378137.0
298.257222101
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
0.001
Meters
Attribute values
BH15_Core_locations.csv
Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for push cores and Russian peat augers collected April 2015 from Long Beach Island, NJ (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA).
USGS
BH15_Sed_source_sample_locations.csv
Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for sediment source samples collected in April 2015 from Long Beach Island, New Jersey (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA).
USGS
BH15_trench_locations.csv
Comma separated values (.csv) file defining the site locations and selected metrics for trenches documented in April 2015 from Long Beach Island, New Jersey (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA).
USGS
Core_ID
Core identifier. For Russian peat auger cores (e.g. BH15_RCXX_XX_XXX) the number immediately following RC indicate the core number and the numbers at the end of the string indicate the depth interval the core was collected from. For example, BH15_RC01_30_80 indicates that Russian peat auger core RC01 was collected from 30 to 80 centimeters depth.
USGS
Character string
Sample_ID
Sediment sample identifier
USGS
Character string
Transect
Transect number where the core or trench was located. Not all cores were located on transects.
USGS
1
5
Trench
The trench number on a particular transect where a core was collected.
USGS
1
7
NAD83_Lat
Latitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83)
USGS
39.508871
39.530893
Decimal Degrees
0.00001
NAD83_Lon
Longitude of site location, in decimal degrees (NAD83)
USGS
-74.290449
-74.263279
Decimal Degrees
0.00001
NAD83_X
X-coordinate (easting) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 18 N)
USGS
560998.729
563315.242
Meters
0.001
NAD83_Y
Y-coordinate (northing) of site location, in meters (NAD83, UTM zone 18 N)
USGS
4373490.438
4375915.688
Meters
0.001
NAD83_Ell
Ellipsoid height of site location, in meters (NAD83)
USGS
-33.831
-31.819
Meters
0.001
NAVD88_G12A_m
Elevation (orthometric height) of site location, in meters (NAD83, GEOID 12A)
USGS
0.117
2.150
Meters
0.001
Elevation_uncertainty_cm
Uncertainty (error) in elevation measurements (NAVD88G12A_m).
USGS
2.33
5
Centimeters
0.01
LENGTH_cm
Core length, in centimeters.
USGS
20
70
Centimeters
0.5
D_MARSH_cm
Depth to marsh surface, in centimeters; depth = 0 indicates core collected from extant marsh
USGS
15
80.5
Centimeters
0.01
ELEV_MARSH_m
Elevation of marsh surface, in meters (NAD83, GEOID 12A)
USGS
0.057
1.345
Meters
0.001
Depth_cm
Depth of trench, in centimeters
USGS
15
83
Centimeters
1
Top_depth_cm
Depth of the top of a Push core or Russian peat auger core.
USGS
0
150
Centimeters
1
Top_elev_cm
Elevation (NAVD88G12A_m) of the top of a Push core or Russian peat auger core.
USGS
-1.195
1.685
Meters
0.001
COMMENT
Additional site or core information
USGS
Character string
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
Downloadable data
This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Compressed (zip) archive
2016
Tabular digital data
This zip archive includes the geographic locations, site elevations, site descriptions, and core and trench metrics as comma separated values (.csv) files for sediment cores collected and trenches documented from Long Beach Island, NJ in April, 2015 (USGS FAN 2015-611-FA).
Unzip
0.020
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7PK0D7S/
None, if obtained online
The sample location tables were created in Microsoft Excel 2010 and can be opened using Microsoft Excel 2007 or higher; these data may also be viewed using the free Microsoft Excel Viewer (http://office.microsoft.com/) or in widely available text editing software such as Microsoft Notepad.
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey
James M. Bishop
Geologist
Mailing and physical
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
808-351-2559
jmbishop@usgs.gov
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
None
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of this dataset.
None
Unclassified
None