Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Publication_Date: 20190430 Title: Bathymetric Grid for a Wave Exposure Model of Grand Bay, Mississippi Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9Z4ZPU3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z4ZPU3/data/Bathy_grid.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Publication_Date: 20190430 Title: Wave Exposure Model for Grand Bay, Mississippi: Input and Validation Datasets Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9Z4ZPU3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z4ZPU3 Description: Abstract: Coastal marshes are highly dynamic and ecologically important ecosystems that are subject to pervasive and often harmful disturbances, including shoreline erosion. Shoreline erosion can result in an overall loss of coastal marsh, particularly in estuaries with moderate- or high-wave energy. Not only can waves be important physical drivers of shoreline change they can also influence shore-proximal vertical accretion through sediment delivery. For these reasons, estimates of wave energy can provide a quantitative measure of wave effects on marsh shorelines. Since wave energy is difficult to measure at all locations, scientists and managers often rely on hydrodynamic models to estimate wave properties at different locations. The Wave Exposure Model (WEMo) is a simple tool that uses linear wave theory to estimate wave energy characteristics for enclosed and semi-enclosed estuaries (Malhotra and Fonseca, 2007). The interpretation of hydrodynamic models is improved if model results can be validated against measured data. The data presented in this publication are input and validation data for modeled and observed mean wave height for two temporary oceanographic stations established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi. Purpose: The publication includes model input data (bathymetry, shorelines, and wind data) and values for both observed and modeled mean wave heights for 13 weeks from October 2016 to January 2017. The primary goal is to develop a model that examines the relationships between wave energy, shoreline erosion, and marsh sediment delivery and deposition. Supplemental_Information: Oceanographic and water quality measurements were collected in Grand Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from August 2016 to January 2017 under Field Activity Numbers (FAN) 2016-046-FA and 2017-006-FA. This data release only presents data from October 2016 to January 2017 for model validation purposes. For additional information see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-0406-FA. The bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) was compiled through depth measurements obtained from multiple National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) hydrographic surveys (H08647, H08648, H09118, F11621, H11620, and F00588) and single-beam bathymetry data collected by USGS under the FAN 2015-315-FA. For additional information see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-315-FA. Wind data were obtained from NOAA National Data Buoy (GDXM6) Crooked Bayou, Grand Bay Reserve, MS. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19610926 Ending_Date: 20150603 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.486411 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.271674 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.407174 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.185720 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:58f4437b-24b1-4373-bd56-5f977628cd45 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: oceanographic measurements Theme_Keyword: Wave Exposure Model (WEMo) Theme_Keyword: hydrodynamic modeling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: ocean waves Theme_Keyword: hydrodynamics Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: boundaries Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: MS Place_Keyword: AL Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research. This metadata record should be reviewed in its entirety to ensure data is used appropriately. Bathymetry data were developed exclusively for the development of a wave model and scientific research and should not be used for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1709 (Build 16299.431); Esri ArcGIS 10.5.1 (Build 7333) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Malhotra, A., and M.S. Fonseca Publication_Date: 2007 Title: WEMo (Wave Exposure Model): Formulation, Procedures and Validation Series_Information: Series_Name: NOAA Technical Memorandum Issue_Identification: NOS NCCOS #65 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Beaufort, North Carolina Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Other_Citation_Details: Publication describing the wave model and parameterization Online_Linkage: https://cdn.coastalscience.noaa.gov/page-attachments/products/WEMo/NOS_NCCOS_65.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nowacki, D.J., Suttles, S.E., Ganju, N.K., Montgomery, E.T. and Martini, M.A. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Oceanographic and water quality measurements collected in Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi August 2016-January 2017 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Source of oceanographic data Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UG9JYQ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: Model and observed wave information were checked for completeness and accuracy. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Some oceanographic data were not used as the full data record (August 4th, 2016 to January 26th, 2017) was longer than required for model validation. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. For additional information on data collection techniques see the source metadata. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. For additional information on data collection techniques see the source metadata. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Oceanographic and water quality measurements collected in Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi - August 2016 - January 2017 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/grandbay.html Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20161024 Ending_Date: 20170124 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: RBR Source_Contribution: Source of observed wave measurements Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Bathymetric Data Viewer Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data portal Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Unknown Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Online_Linkage: https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1962 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1970 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2007 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NGDC_bathy Source_Contribution: Bathymetry for wave model Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20171201 Title: Single-beam bathymetry data collected in 2015 from Grand Bay, Alabama-Mississippi Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1070 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150528 Ending_Date: 20150603 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS_bathy Source_Contribution: Bathymetry for wave model Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Grand Bay (GND) National Estuarine Research Reserve System-wide Monitoring Program: Crooked Bayou Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Columbia, South Carolina Publisher: Centralized Data Management Office Online_Linkage: http://cdmo.baruch.sc.edu/get/realTime.cfm?stationCode=GNDCRMET Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20161024 Ending_Date: 20170123 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GNDCRMET Source_Contribution: Meteorological station provided wind speed and direction for wave model Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2018 Title: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines Derived from Aerial Imagery for the Grand Bay Region of Mississippi and Alabama: 2010 and 2012 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VT1R8Q Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120909 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012_shoreline Source_Contribution: Shoreline used to create raster mask Process_Step: Process_Description: Bathymetric data covering Grand Bay and Mississippi Sound were compiled and rasterized for wave model input. Data from hydrographic charts were downloaded from the NOAA Bathymetry Data Viewer. The following hydrographic surveys (with collection year) covered the study area: F00588 (2010), H11620 (2007), F11621 (2006), H09118 (1970), H08647 (1962), and H08648 (1962). In addition, the USGS single-beam bathymetry data collected in 2015 was included. The data were converted to a consistent tidal datum (Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW)) using Vdatum software (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). Using latitude and longitude coordinates from each file, data were imported into ArcGIS (version 10.6) as shapefiles and merged into one file. Data were weighted based on date of survey, with recent surveys given a weight of 10 (2015 and 2010), recent past surveys a weight of 5 (2007 and 2006) and historical surveys a weight of 1 (1970 and 1962). Using the Inverse Distance Weighted tool in ArcGIS, a raster was created using the vertical elevation as the Z value input, a standard search radius of 50 to 100 nearest neighbors, and the weight field. The Focal Statistics tool was used to smooth the dataset using a circle radius of 20 cells. A raster mask was created by buffering the 2012 shoreline and enclosing the Grand Bay estuary and Mississippi Sound, out to the landward side of Petit Bois and Dauphin Islands. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NGDC_bathy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS_bathy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012_shoreline Process_Date: 2018 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: bathy_grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: raster_mask Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Wind data for 2016 and 2017 were downloaded for the Crooked Bayou meteorological station from the National Estuarine Research Reserve's Centralized Data Management Office (CDMO). Using Excel (version 1803), the data for both years were appended. Wind speed was corrected for gauge height using the Power Law Method (described here: https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/adjust_wind.shtml) and processed for model input using the WEMo Wind Analysis tool. WEMo calculates the wind speed and corresponding frequency for every 6.43 degrees (56 rays) angular resolution and is resampled or linearly interpolated for any other angular resolution. Wind frequency for a direction is defined as the ratio of the number of hours the wind blows from that direction and the total number of hours of wind data. Wind data for each week (beginning with October 24th, 2016 and ending on January 24th, 2017) are exported as representative wind energy (RWE) wind files for model input. Files were named "GB_wind___corr.Wind_RWE". RWE files are formatted specifically for WEMo input but can be viewed in any text editing software. For more information, see WEMo documentation (Malhotra and Fonseca 2007). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GNDCRMET Process_Date: 2018 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: RWE_wind Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Mean wave height was calculated for the same location as two USGS observational wave stations in Grand Bay. A shapefile of the station locations was created in ArcGIS by obtaining latitude and longitude coordinates from the KML file located on the data publication (Nowacki and others, 2018). Stations used in this study include 1078 and 1076. Several stations were excluded because they were either located within a river mouth and lack bathymetry data or adjacent to the shoreline and may be impacted by refractive waves. Wave height is estimated by the model through a series of wave propagation and dissipation steps, using the wind speed and direction data (RWE wind), along with depth (bathy grid) and shoreline (2012 shoreline). Wave generation equations are modified to account for limited fetch and wave dissipation factors that account for wave friction, shoaling and breaking due to shallow water. For details on model parameterization and calculations, see Malhotra and Fonseca (2007). Mean wave height for each weekly model run was populated in an Excel file. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: RWE_wind Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012_shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: bathy_grid Process_Date: 2018 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mean_Hs Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Mean wave height was calculated from the observational wave data for two wave sensors. NetCDF datasets containing wave height data were downloaded from the data publication (Nowacki and others, 2018). Only data for the RBR virtuoso D|wave sensor at sites 1076 and 1078 was used (data file '10763Bdws-a.nc' and '10781Baqd-a.nc') because (1)the sensor provides the most accurate wave height data, (2) bathymetry data was available for those locations, and (3) the sensor is located far enough from the shoreline to reduce impact of refractive waves. The datasets were imported into R version 3.5.1 (https://www.r-project.org/about.html) and weekly mean wave height were calculated from observational measurements. Data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet containing modeled mean wave height. The Excel spreadsheet was exported as a non-proprietary, tab-delimited text file for publication purposes. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: RBR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Mean_Hs Process_Date: 2018 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Mean_Hs.txt Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 2430 Column_Count: 2036 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 10 Ordinate_Resolution: 10 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: MLLW Depth_Resolution: 0.10 Depth_Distance_Units: meter Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Resource_Description: bathy_grid.img Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ERDAS Imagine file Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z4ZPU3/data/bathy_grid.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Technical_Prerequisites: The bathymetry grid is provided as a .img file, which is proprietary format; however, ERDAS Imagine files can be read and written by ArcGIS Desktop and other Esri applications. It is also supported by Safe Software's FME engine for format conversion and can be viewed in GeoViewer, freely downloadable from LizardTech. A free desktop viewer, ERDAS ER Viewer, is available from Hexagon Geospatial or ERDAS_IMG files. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Kathryn Smith Contact_Position: Research Ecologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8073 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time