John T. Lisle Breanna N. Williams 20250311 tabular digital data John T. Lisle Breanna N. Williams 20250311 U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P1GN7EN6 St. Petersburg, Florida U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center https://doi.org/10.5066/P1GN7EN6 This metadata record describes data collected from laboratory experiments designed to characterize the microbial processes that contribute to clogging (i.e., bioclogging) of wells used for recharge (i.e., injection) of fresh surface water into specific aquifer zones (Upper Floridan Aquifer [UFA] and Avon Park Permeable Zone [APPZ]) as part of water storage technology of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). Solid rock core samples were collected from three wells (ASRC38S, ASRL63S and ASRC59; abbreviated to C38S, L63S, and C59 henceforth) near Lake Okeechobee, Florida, that have been designated as injection well sites for ASR wells as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, on July 22, 2022 (C38S/UFA), May 22, 2023 (C38S/APPZ), July 7, 2023 (L63S/UFA), July 13, 2023 (L63S/APPZ) and November 15, 2023 (C59/UFA and C59/APPZ). The cores were crushed and sieved to a specific size, and this sized material was used to pack four columns: two columns for each well and aquifer storage zone (e.g., C38S/UFA and C38S/APPZ) (ATSM International, 2020; Rinck-Pfeiffer and others, 2000). Within each set of paired columns, one column was allowed to be colonized by native groundwater microbial communities (i.e., C38S/UFA Biofilm Positive column) by being connected to a continuously flowing source of native groundwater, either the UFA or APPZ, depending on the source of the packed core materials, for between two and four months. Prior to starting each experiment, pressure sensors were inserted into each column (Rinck-Pfeiffer and others, 2000). Each experiment was initiated by respectively pumping native groundwater from the UFA or APPZ into the UFA/Biofilm Positive and Negative and APPZ/Biofilm Positive and Negative columns for one week to geochemically condition the columns before starting the recharge phases of the experiments. Water collected from the Kissimmee River confluence with Lake Okeechobee was used as the recharge source water and was pumped through both the UFA Biofilm Positive and Negative and APPZ Biofilm Positive and Negative columns. During each experiment, pressure data in kilopascals (kPa) were recorded at specific locations along the vertical axis of all columns (Rinck-Pfeiffer and others, 2000). Additionally, pump rates into the columns were closely maintained at 5.00 milliliters per minute (mL/min). These data were used to calculate the hydraulic conductivity (meters/day) for all experiments (Sanchez-Vila and others, 2006). In addition to column pressure and flow rate data being collected, samples were also collected from native groundwater sources, Kissimmee River and from the column inputs, discharges and porewater after a static storage period for geochemistry, nutrients, dissolved gases, and organic carbon substrates to characterize microbial community preferential growth rates on selected organic carbon substrates. Data were collected to determine the rates at which specific microbial processes contribute to the clogging of recharge (i.e., injection) wells that receive surface water as part of an ASR facility. Following U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) data management protocols, these data were assigned USGS field activity number (FAN), 2024-314-FA. Additional survey and data details are available on the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2024-314-FA. 20220722 20250131 ground condition Complete None planned -80.875267 -80.604618 27.193770 26.990679 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6f5deda3-ef96-403a-8257-29464a5e91bf ISO 19115 Topic Category environment biota health USGS Thesaurus biogeochemical cycling nutrient content (water) geochemistry dissolved gases drilling and coring groundwater laboratory methods Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords nutrient cycle groundwater groundwater geochemistry Common geographic areas Southern Florida Lake Okeechobee Floridan aquifer system No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. John T. Lisle U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Microbiologist mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg Florida 33701 United States 727-502-8140 jlisle@usgs.gov Data collection was made possible by collaborative efforts between the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). Sample analyses were completed by Eurofins Environment Testing Tampa, University of Tampa's Analytical & Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Stratum Reservoir/Isotech Laboratories, Inc., and the Florida International University's Kominoski Laboratory for Ecosystem Ecology. Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise Version 23H2; Microsoft Excel Version 2402; Biolog® MicroLog 3 (release 4.20) software. ATSM International 20200122 West Conshohocken, PA ASTM International https://www.doi.org/10.1520/C0136_C0136M-19 Stéphanie Rinck-Pfeiffer Santo Ragusa Pascale Sztajnbok Thierry Vandevelde 20000221 Water Research Volume 34, Issue 7 Online Elsevier Pages 2110-2118 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00356-5 Xavier Sanchez-Vila Alberto Guadagnini Jesus Carrera 20060923 Reviews of Geophysics Volume 44, Issue 3 Online Wiley 46 pages https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000169 Kenneth J. Anderson John S. Kominoski Christopher L. Osburn Matthew A. Smith 20240629 JGR Biogeosciences Volume 129, Issue 7 Online Wiley 17 pages https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007903 Kela P. Weber Raymond L. Legge 2010 Bioremediation Volume 599 Online Humana Press Pages 263-281 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_16 John T. Lisle 20200728 Frontiers in Microbiology Volume 11, Article 1765 Online Frontiers 13 pages https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01765 Adrien Vigneron Andrew Bishop Eric B. Alsop Kellie Hull Ileana Rhodes Robert Hendricks Ian M. Head Nicolas Tsesmetzis 20170404 Frontiers Microbiology Volume 8, Article 593 Online Frontiers 12 pages https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00593 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Solid rock cores (2.5 inches in diameter) were collected near Lake Okeechobee, Florida, on July 22, 2022 (C38S/UFA), May 22, 2023 (C38S/APPZ), July 7, 2023 (L63S/UFA), July 13, 2023 (L63S/APPZ) and November 15, 2023 (C59/UFA and C59/APPZ) by private drilling companies contracted by SFWMD (3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, Florida 33406). The cores were drilled and recovered from three wells from specific aquifer zones, which had been identified as recharge zones for ASR, using the wireline drilling system. These wells are approximately located at: C38S (27.147958, -80.873387), L63S (27.157525, -80.677441), and C59 (27.19377, -80.760747) (see https://apps.sfwmd.gov/dbhydroInsights/ for additional information on these ASR well sites). 20231115 Lengths of core from specific depths were selected and packaged by a SFWMD contracted engineering company (Stantec), then shipped to a vendor (Core Laboratories) for crushing and sizing each core sample. 20231123 Stantec mailing and physical

2056 Vista Parkway

West Palm Beach Florida 33411 United States 561-686-7707 askstantec@stantec.com The selected lengths of core were shipped to a vendor (Core Laboratories) that specializes in the crushing and sizing of rock cores to specific sizes. All cores were dried and then crushed to a #20 sieve size (850 micrometers [μm]) (ATSM International, 2020). This material was used to pack a series of columns, to be used in the bioclogging experiments, as described in the following sections. 2023 Core Laboratories mailing and physical

6316 Windfern Road

Houston Texas 77040 United States 713-328-2673 From 2022 to 2025, after the cores were crushed and sieved to a specific size, this sized material was used to pack four columns: two columns for each well and aquifer storage zone (e.g., C38S/UFA and C38S/APPZ) (Rinck-Pfeiffer and others, 2000). Within each set of paired columns, one column was allowed to be colonized by native groundwater microbial communities (i.e., C38S/UFA Biofilm Positive column) by being connected to a continuously flowing source of native groundwater, either the UFA (27.154792, -80.874273) or APPZ (26.990679, -80.604618), depending on the source of the packed core materials, for between two and four months. Prior to starting each experiment, pressure sensors were inserted into each column. Each experiment was initiated by respectively pumping native groundwater from the UFA or APPZ into the UFA/Biofilm Positive and Negative and APPZ/Biofilm Positive and Negative columns at a rate of 5.0 mL/min for one week to geochemically condition the columns before starting the recharge phases of the experiments (referred as the "Conditioning Phase"). Water collected from the Kissimmee River confluence with Lake Okeechobee (27.154451, -80.875267) was used as the recharge source water and was pumped through both the UFA Biofilm Positive and Negative and APPZ Biofilm Positive and Negative columns. The "Conditioning Phase" was immediately followed by the "1st Recharge Phase", during which collected surface water from the Kissimmee River was pumped at the same rate through all columns for 4-6 weeks. At the end of the "1st Recharge Phase", the pumping of Kissimmee River water was terminated, and all columns were valved off to contain the water in all columns in a static phase for 4-5 weeks. This experimental phase was called the "Storage Phase". Following the "Storage Phase", the "2nd Recharge Phase" was initiated by pumping Kissimmee River water through all columns at the same rate for 2-3 weeks. 20250131 John T. Lisle U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Microbiologist mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg Florida 33701 United States 727-502-8140 jlisle@usgs.gov During the "1st Recharge Phase" to the end of the "2nd Recharge Phase", pressure within each column was collected using digital pressure sensors. Pump rates of water being pumped into each column were recorded daily. Pressures within each column were collected using pressure transducers (CirrusSense™ TDWLB Wireless Pressure Transducer), 4 per column, that reported the respective pressures in kPa (Rinck-Pfeiffer and others, 2000). The hydraulic conductivities listed in this data release are the calculated values using the pump rates and column pressures (Sanchez-Vila and others, 2006). 20250131 Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.csv Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.xlsx John T. Lisle U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Microbiologist mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg Florida 33701 United States 727-502-8140 jlisle@usgs.gov A set of experiments to determine the rates at which native microbial communities from the UFA and APPZ utilize the carbon substrates (biodegradable organic carbon; BDOC) in the Kissimmee River was conducted and did not require access to water being pumped into or stored in the "Biofilm Positive" or "Biofilm Negative" columns. Samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon by the Florida International University's Kominoski Laboratory for Ecosystem Ecology (Anderson and others 2024). 20250131 Bioclogging_BDOC.csv Bioclogging_BDOC.xlsx Florida International University's Kominoski Laboratory for Ecosystem Ecology mailing and physical

11200 SW 8th Street, OE 148

Miami Florida 33199 United States 305-348-7117 jkominos@fiu.edu Water samples were collected during the "Conditioning Phase" and "1st Recharge Phase", after the completion of the "Storage Phase" (i.e., "Post Storage"). Native UFA, APPZ, and Kissimmee River water samples were used for the analysis of geochemistry, nutrients, dissolved gases, and carbon substrate growth rates from Biolog® EcoPlates™ that were scanned at 590 nanometers (nm) wavelength. The carbon substrate growth rate data analyses were completed by the USGS SPCMSC using the Biolog® MicroStation™ system with the Biolog® MicroLog 3 (release 4.20) software (Weber and Legge, 2010). Geochemical analyses were completed by the Eurofins Environment Testing Tampa (6712 Benjamin Road, Office #100, Tampa, Florida 33634). Nutrient analyses were completed by the University of Tampa's Analytical & Marine Chemistry Laboratory (401 West Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33606) (Lisle, 2020). Dissolved gases analyses were completed by Stratum Reservoir/Isotech Laboratories, Inc. (1308 Parkland Court, Champaign, Illinois 61821) (Vigneron, and others, 2017). 20250131 Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.csv Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.xlsx Bioclogging_Nutrients.csv Bioclogging_Nutrients.xlsx Bioclogging_Geochemistry.csv Bioclogging_Geochemistry.xlsx Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.csv Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.xlsx Bioclogging_Geochemistry.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of the geochemical analyses on samples collected from the native UFA, APPZ, and Kissimmee River samples and column inputs, discharges, and post-storage porewaters. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Bioclogging_Nutrients.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of the nutrient analyses on samples collected from the native UFA, APPZ, and Kissimmee River samples and column inputs, discharges, and post-storage porewaters. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of the dissolved gases in samples collected from the native UFA, APPZ, and Kissimmee River samples and column inputs, discharges, and post-storage porewaters. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Bioclogging_BDOC.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from samples collected during biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) experiments. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of the hydraulic conductivity within the respective columns for each experiment. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.zip: Zipped file containing the comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) data files of absorbance and substrate diversity data from the EcoPlate™ analyses at specific incubation time points. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included a data dictionary, Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. These metadata are not complete without this file. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center USGS SPCMSC Data Management mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

Saint Petersburg Florida 33701 United States 727-502-8000 gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.csv, Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.xlsx, Bioclogging_BDOC.csv, Bioclogging_BDOC.xlsx, Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.csv, Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.xlsx, Bioclogging_Nutrients.csv, Bioclogging_Nutrients.xlsx, Bioclogging_Geochemistry.csv, Bioclogging_Geochemistry.xlsx, Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.csv, Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.xlsx, and Bioclogging_Data_Dictionary.docx. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format, Microsoft Word format https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_Geochemistry.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_Nutrients.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_Dissolved_Gases.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_BDOC.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_Hydraulic_Conductivity.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P1GN7EN6/data/Bioclogging_Substrate_Growth.zip None 20250311 U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center USGS SPCMSC Data Management mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

Saint Petersburg Florida 33701 United States 727-502-8000 gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998