Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20160610 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography—Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 4-5 September 2010: Seamless (Bare Earth and Submerged) Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7W95785 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7W95785 Description: Abstract: ASCII XYZ point-cloud data for the Chandeleur Islands in Louisiana were produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements collected on September 4 and 5, 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the first-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-A), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 55 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters, resulting in a laser swath of approximately 240 meters. More than 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When resultant elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to produce a highly detailed and accurate digital elevation map for the Chandeleur Islands in Louisiana for use as a management tool and to make these data available to natural-resource managers and research scientists. To ensure that SPCMSC data management protocols were followed, this survey was assigned a USGS field activity number (FAN), 10LTS04. Additional survey and data details are available at http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=10LTS04. Supplemental_Information: Raw lidar data are not in a format that is generally usable by natural-resource managers and research scientists for scientific analysis. Converting dense lidar elevation data into a readily usable format without loss of essential information requires specialized processing. The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has developed custom software to convert raw lidar data into a GIS-compatible map product to be provided to GIS specialists, managers, and scientists. The primary tool used in the conversion process is Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a multitiered processing system developed originally by a USGS-NASA collaborative project. Specialized processing algorithms are used to convert raw waveform lidar data acquired by the EAARL-A to georeferenced spot (x,y,z) returns for "first surface" and "bare earth" topography. The terms first surface and bare earth refer to the digital elevation data of the terrain, although first-surface data include vegetation, buildings, and other manmade structures, bare-earth data do not. The zero crossing of the second derivative (that is, detection of stationary points) is used to detect the first return, resulting in "first surface" topography, whereas the trailing edge algorithm (that is, the algorithm searches for the location before the last return where direction changes along the trailing edge) is used to detect the range to the last return, or "bare earth" (the first and last returns being the first and last significant measurable part of the return pulse). Statistical filtering, known as the Random Consensus Filter (RCF), is used to remove false bottom returns and other outliers from the EAARL-A topography data. The filter uses a grid of non-overlapping square cells (buffer) of user-defined size overlaid onto the original point cloud. The user also defines the vertical tolerance (vertical width) based on the topographic complexity and point-sampling density of the data. The maximum allowable elevation range within a cell is established by this vertical tolerance. An iterative process searches for the maximum concentration of points within the vertical tolerance and removes those points outside of the tolerance (Nayegandhi and others, 2009). These data are then converted to the North American Datum of 1983 and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (using the GEOID96 model); please note that these data are not suitable for determining absolute elevation measurements. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20100904 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20100905 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.88594890 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.82071730 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.04764060 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.76355310 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:67acd265-b509-4c9a-b124-bb9bff7da0b5 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: Airborne Lidar Processing System Theme_Keyword: ALPS Theme_Keyword: EAARL-A Theme_Keyword: Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: Pilatus PC-6 Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Theme_Keyword: LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: LIDAR > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: distributions Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: altimetry Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Chandeleur Islands Place_Keyword: Louisiana Place_Keyword: St. Bernard Parish Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Stratum_Keyword: Bare Earth Stratum_Keyword: Submerged Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 2010 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: Unclassified Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack 1; Esri ArcCatalog 10.2.2.3552 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J.C., and Wright, C.W. Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and subcanopy topography in coastal environments Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Remote Sensing Issue_Identification: v. 30 no. 4, p. 861-878 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The expected accuracy of the measured variables is as follows: attitude within 0.05 degree and 3 centimeters nominal ranging accuracy. Quality checks are built into the data-processing software. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data cover area specified for this project without known issues. Completeness_Report: These point-cloud data may appear sparse or nonexistent, which may be a result of lack of survey coverage, manual removal of lidar processing artifacts, turbidity, or dense vegetation. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Raw lidar measurements have been determined to be within 1 meter in horizontal accuracy. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The nominal vertical elevation accuracy expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 12 to 22 centimeters for bare-earth topography and 12 centimeters for submerged topography. Vertical accuracies may differ based on the type of terrain and the accuracy of the GPS and aircraft-attitude measurements. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were collected using a Pilatus PC-6 aircraft. The EAARL-A laser scanner collects the data using a green-wavelength (532-nanometer) raster scanning laser, while a digital camera acquires a visual record of the flight. The data are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida. The navigational data are processed and then, along with the raw data, are downloaded into ALPS, or the Airborne Lidar Processing System (20100904-20110331). Data are converted from units of time to x,y,z points for elevation, which are then manually edited and quality checked to ensure anomalies and noise have been addressed to specification. Process_Date: 20110331 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported into ArcCatalog 10.2.2.3552 from XML file. Process_Date: 20160511 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Process_Date: 20170104 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 1e-07 Longitude_Resolution: 1e-07 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210100002 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.20 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CHAN2010_EAARLA_SM_n88g96.xyz Entity_Type_Definition: This file is a .xyz, provided in ASCII comma-delimited format. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Internally devised to maintain naming consistency. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Decimal Degrees Attribute_Definition_Source: NAD 83 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -88.88594890 Range_Domain_Maximum: -88.82071730 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Decimal Degrees Attribute_Definition_Source: North American Datum of 1983 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 29.76355310 Range_Domain_Maximum: 30.04764060 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Elevation in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (GEOID96) Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -2.45 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.57 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The input parameters for the random consensus filter (RCF) were: grid cell size (buffer) = 500 centimeters x 500 centimeters; vertical tolerance (vertical width) = 40 centimeters for bare-earth topography and grid cell size (buffer) = 600 centimeters x 600 centimeters; vertical tolerance (vertical width) = 25 centimeters for submerged topography. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1078/ Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst, Cherokee Nation Technologies Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Resource_Description: CHAN2010_EAARLA_SM_n88g96.xyz Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Format_Version_Number: 1 Format_Specification: XYZ Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7W95785/data/CHAN2010_EAARLA_SM_n88g96.xyz Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Contact U.S. Geological Survey. Turnaround: Vary Custom_Order_Process: Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technologies, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time