Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Michael S. Weinzierl Originator: Christopher D. Reich Originator: Lucy A. Bartlett Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery Publication_Date: 20161031 Title: Coral cores collected in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, U.S.A.: Photographs and X-rays Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Michael S. Weinzierl Originator: Christopher D. Reich Originator: Lucy A. Bartlett Originator: Jennifer A. Flannery Publication_Date: 20161031 Title: Coral cores collected in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, U.S.A.: Photographs and X-rays Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7V69GQ2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7V69GQ2 Description: Abstract: Cores from living coral colonies were collected from Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, to obtain skeletal records of past coral growth and allow geochemical reconstruction of environmental variables during the corals’ centuries-long lifespans. The samples were collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/) that provides science to assist resource managers tasked with the stewardship of coral reef resources. Three colonies each of the coral species Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea were collected in May 2012 as approved under National Park Service (NPS) scientific collecting permit number DRTO-2012-SCI-0001. These coral samples can be used to retroactively construct sea-surface temperature records by measuring the elemental ratio of strontium (Sr) to calcium (Ca), and are valuable for measuring additional paleoproxies as new methods are developed. Flannery and others (2017) includes temperature reconstructions using samples from one of the six (coral CG2) collected in this study. The core slabs described here, as well as others (see http://olga.er.usgs.gov/coreviewer/), can be requested on loan for further scientific study. Here we provide photographic images for each core depicting 1) the coral in its ocean environment, 2) the core as curated and slabbed, and 3) the X-rays of the slabs. More information on coring methods can be found in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1182 (Weinzierl and others, 2016). These coral samples are presently on loan from the NPS, stored at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) in St. Petersburg, Florida, and cataloged under accession number DRTO-353. Purpose: These photographic images were obtained to document and describe the six coral cores collected during a field expedition to Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) from May 8 to 17, 2012. These cores can be used for analyzing past coral-growth rates and retroactive sampling of coral skeletal material deposited over at least the past century. The purpose of sampling these cores is to uncover and understand the relationship between coral growth and various environmental variables, as well as to paleoreconstruct variables such as sea-surface temperature. Using corals as paleorecorders can extend scientific records of ocean temperature further back in time than those measured by human observers or satellites. Supplemental_Information: The samples were collected under the Dry Tortugas National Park scientific collecting permit number DRTO-2012-SCI-0001 and are cataloged under accession number DRTO-353. To ensure that USGS-St. Petersburg data management protocols were followed, the field expedition was assigned the following USGS field activity number (FAN): 12CBC03. Additional survey and data details are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=12CBC03. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20120508 Ending_Date: 20120517 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.9239 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.7948 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.7034 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.6367 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:2d3581b6-79d9-4f57-b5ff-c05e163e46cd Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: underwater temperature Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: environmental proxies Theme_Keyword: coral cores Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme_Keyword: paleo temperature Theme_Keyword: Strontium Theme_Keyword: Siderastrea siderea Theme_Keyword: Orbicella faveolata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Dry Tortugas National Park Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Monroe County Place_Keyword: Pulaski Shoal Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Modern Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 (Build 4959) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Flannery, J. A., J. N. Richey, K. Thirumalai, R. Z. Poore, and K. L. DeLong Publication_Date: 20170115 Title: Multi-species coral Sr/Ca based sea-surface temperature reconstruction using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from the Florida Straits Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Issue_Identification: Volume 466, pages 100-109 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.022 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Weinzierl, M. S., C. D. Reich, T. D. Hickey, L. A. Bartlett, and I. B. Kuffner Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Collection methods and descriptions of core samples extracted from massive corals in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, U.S.A. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2016-1182 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161182 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Field photographs of the coral colonies, in the ocean environment where they lived, were taken underwater at a depth of approximately 1 to 3 meters using an Olympus C-5050Z zoom camera enclosed in an Olympus underwater housing. The photographs were taken in-situ, then subsequently color corrected using Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 version 17.0.1 to adjust for the truncated underwater light regime. The in-situ field photographs of the corals are included in the data release download file, DRTO_coral_cores_field_photographs.zip. Once the six coral cores were extracted from the field, they were transported back to the SPCMSC core lab in St. Petersburg, FL. Process_Date: 20120517 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Research Marine Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: In the lab, the coral cores were sectioned along the primary growth axis into 4-millimeter-thick slabs using a lapidary saw with a carbide-tipped blade. Multiple slabs (designated by numbers) were taken from each coral-core section (designated by letters) because corallite walls tend to meander over time and having replicate slabs increases the chance of obtaining a continuous path for geochemical sampling. When necessary, the cores were slabbed at an angle to follow the main axis of growth. The resulting slabs were cleaned in deionized milli-Q water using a Branson Sonifer 450 sonication device and air dried before storage. None of the slabs was treated with bleach or any oxidizing chemicals. Photographs of the coral slabs in their core boxes are included in the data release download file, DRTO_coral_cores_slab_photographs.zip. Process_Date: 20130201 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christopher Reich Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: creich@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: X-radiographs (X-rays) of each coral slab were taken at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) in St. Petersburg, FL. The coral slabs were placed on a phosphor plate and X-rayed at 55 kilovolts and 2.5 milli-Ampere-seconds (mAs). The distance between the plate and the X-ray source was 79 centimeters (cm). The plate was scanned on an iCR3600+ scanner at 254 dots per inch (dpi) resolution (10 pixels per millimeter), processed on iCRco, Inc. software, and adjusted for contrast and brightness using Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 version 17.0.1. The x-ray images of the corals are included in the data release download file, DRTO_coral_cores_xrays.zip. Process_Date: 20150109 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jennifer Flannery Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Chemist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jflannery@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The coral core field photograph locations were collected using a Garmin GPSMAP 78SC handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and written into field notebooks. EXchangeable Image File format (EXIF) headers were initially populated during data collection by the camera’s imaging software but were subsequently updated by USGS staff to include additional core-related details. A Python version 2.7.3 script (UpdatePhotoEXIFv2.py, WHCMSC script) was run to incorporate the GPS locations, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each full-resolution JPEG image. The Python script used ExifTool (version 10.25) to write the information to the image headers. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags. GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the handheld GPS. >GPSLatitudeRef >GPSLatitude >GPSLongitudeRef >GPSLongitude >GPSTimeStamp >GSPDateStamp > JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image taken with a particular camera. The following information is based on the Olympus C-5050Z camera. > comment: Photo collected in May 2012 from the Dry Tortugas, Florida during field activity 12CBC03 (http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=12CBC03). Published as USGS data release DOI:10.5066/F7V69GQ2. > EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. > ImageDescription: Underwater photograph of in-situ coral collected from Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida during survey 12CBC03. >Artist: Ilsa Kuffner >Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey > IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >Credit: U.S. Geological Survey >Contact: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov >Keywords: Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, Florida Keys, 12CBC03, coral, Siderastrea siderea, Orbicella faveolata, sea-surface temperature, USGS >CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey >Caption-Abstract: Underwater photograph of in-situ coral collected from Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida during survey 12CBC03. > XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >Caption: Underwater photograph of in-situ coral collected from Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida during survey 12CBC03. > To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.25): > exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription photos/*.jpg > out.csv > The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Process_Date: 20161020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Arnell Forde Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aforde@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the photographic images associated with the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Format_Version_Number: none Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7V69GQ2/data/DRTO_coral_cores_field_photographs.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7V69GQ2/data/DRTO_coral_cores_slab_photographs.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7V69GQ2/data/DRTO_coral_cores_xrays.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220901 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Research Marine Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998