Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Selena A. Johnson Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Connor M. Jenkins Originator: Erin O. Lyons Publication_Date: 20250604 Title: Diver-Based Structure-from-Motion imagery from coral reef restoration surveys in the Lower Florida Keys: July 2022 and July 2023 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Selena A. Johnson Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Connor M. Jenkins Originator: Erin O. Lyons Publication_Date: 20250604 Title: Diver-Based Structure-from-Motion Imagery From Coral Reef Restoration Surveys in the Lower Florida Keys: July 2022 and July 2023 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P1WHKTRD Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1WHKTRD Description: Abstract: During the summers of 2022 and 2023, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers conducted underwater surveys aimed at quantifying the impact that past coral restoration by Mote Marine Laboratory had on the reef-accretion process. The surveys were conducted along paired transects representing restored and non-restored areas of eight offshore reefs and three patch-reef sites in the Lower Florida Keys. At each location on each reef, USGS researchers collected images (39,480 images in total) that were used to generate structure-from-motion (SfM) products (point clouds, orthomosaics, and digital surface models), which were used to quantify percent cover of corals and other benthos and topographic complexity. Purpose: Image data were collected to produce SfM data products that were used to quantify percent cover and topographic complexity. These data are published in an accompanying data release by Toth and others (2025a). The percent cover and census-survey data were used in an associated study (Toth and others, 2025b) to quantify differences in carbonate budgets (gross carbonate production, bioerosion, and reef-accretion potential) between restored and non-restored areas of each reef. The structure-from-motion models were also used to quantify the impact of restoration on topographic complexity at the offshore sites by measuring the impact of digitally removing outplanted coral colonies. Supplemental_Information: Following USGS data management protocols, these data were assigned the following field activity numbers (FANs), 2022-324-FA, 2022-353-DD, and 2023-311-FA. Additional survey and data details are available on the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20220711 Ending_Date: 20230718 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.8783 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.3626 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.6216 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.4517 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:0cb09b6b-7c38-4c6f-a1dc-afc4033ab4be Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: structure Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: ecology Theme_Keyword: ecological processes Theme_Keyword: ecosystem monitoring Theme_Keyword: ecosystem management Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: remediation Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Structure-from-Motion Theme_Keyword: coral reefs Theme_Keyword: restoration Theme_Keyword: seafloor topography Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Florida Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Selena A. Johnson Contact_Organization: USGS - SOUTHEAST REGION Contact_Position: Research Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: St Petersburg Science Center,Studebaker Building City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8053 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: selenajohnson@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The collection of these data were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and a Mote Marine Laboratory Protect Our Reefs Grant. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise (version 23H2); Adobe Photoshop (version 25); ExifTool (version 12.5.10). Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Selena A. Johnson Originator: Erin O. Lyons Originator: Connor M. Jenkins Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Sierra K. Bloomer Originator: Jennifer Mallon Originator: Ian Combs Publication_Date: 20250604 Title: Carbonate budgets, structure-from-motion products, and topographic complexity measurements from restored and non-restored areas of coral reefs in the Lower Florida Keys Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13HMEON Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Other_Citation_Details: Toth and others (2025a) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HMEON Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Selena A. Johnson Originator: Erin O. Lyons Originator: Jason Spadaro Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Sierra K. Bloomer Originator: Jennifer Mallon Originator: Connor M. Jenkins Originator: Sara D. Williams Originator: Ian Combs Originator: Zachary Craig Originator: Erinn Muller Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Coral restoration can drive rapid increases in reef-accretion potential Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Reports Issue_Identification: Unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Online Publisher: Springer Nature Other_Citation_Details: 2025b Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04818-3 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: The data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates written to the image headers were approximated per site to the center point of the surveyed reef transect (in the World Geodetic System 1984 [WGS84] coordinate system, decimal degrees). These coordinates were collected using a handheld GPS device with <5-meter (m) accuracy. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: IMAGE ACQUISITION At each site, except for Summerland Ledges, 10-12 approximately 10 x 2 m photographic transects were surveyed by Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) divers using a downward facing Canon® PowerShot S120 camera in an underwater housing set to collect RAW image format in continuous shoot mode. Summerland Ledges was designated as an experimental restoration site consisting of two 10 x 10 m restored plots and one 10 x 10 m control plot. The two restored plots at Summerland Ledges were surveyed 2m from the reef base using a dual Nikon® D7000 digital single-lens (DSLR) camera system, and the control plot was surveyed using a Canon® EOS R at the surface. The number of transects varied per site depending on the availability of restored or control reef. All images were collected 1-2m from the reef base using a double-lawnmower swim pattern ensuring 70-80% forward and lateral overlap between images. Prior to image acquisition, a diver used a metric field tape to delineate the sampling area and then placed 3-4 coded 25-centimeter (cm) scalebar targets evenly throughout the transect areas to provide accurate scale for models. Process_Date: 20230718 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Erin Lyons Contact_Organization: Formerly Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Process_Step: Process_Description: IMAGE CONVERSION After acquisition, the RAW images were converted to Tagged Image File Format (.tif) files using Adobe Photoshop's (version 25) Image Processor tool which can be accessed by navigating to File>Scripts>Image Processor>Select Location>Save as TIFF with LZW compression. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Selena Johnson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Research Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8053 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: selenajohnson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: IMAGE HEADERS Exchangeable image file format (EXIF) image headers were added to each image using Phil Harvey’s ExifTool (version 12.5.10). All information in the headers are the same among all images, aside from the EXIF:ImageDescription, EXIF:GPSLatitude and EXIF:GPSLongtitude, EXIF:Make, EXIF:Model, and EXIF:DateTimeOriginal, as that information varies per site. An example script used to populate the images is as follows: exiftool -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey, Mote Marine Laboratory" -IPTC:Contact="gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov" -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P1WHKTRD" -XMP:ExternalMetadataLink="https://www1.usgs.gov/pir/api/identifiers/USGS:0cb09b6b-7c38-4c6f-a1dc-afc4033ab4be" -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="station coordinates obtained from handheld GPS; individual images are not georeferenced" -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)" -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." -EXIF:ImageDescription="https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-324-FA; Diver-based Structure-from-Motion image data from USGS field activity 2022-324-FA" EXIF:Artist="USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center"-EXIF:GPSLatitude=24.53055 -EXIF:GPSLatitudeRef="N" -EXIF:GPSLongitude=-81.48781 -EXIF:GPSLongitudeRef="W" -XMP:PreservedFileName allheaders.csv'. Specific tags can also be specified with this command. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Connor Jenkins Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Science Technician Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8099 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: connorjenkins@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0197864699 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0228595953 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The complete set of images (39,840 TIFs) are available for view and download on the Imagery Data System (IDS), https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P1WHKTRD. Users are advised to read the EXIF and other imagery headers for more information about the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Resource_Description: *.tif Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1WHKTRD Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P1WHKTRD Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250604 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998