Shallow Along Reef Track Imaging System (sATRIS) Images – Dry Tortugas, Florida, 2009

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Shallow Along Reef Track Imaging System (sATRIS) Images – Dry Tortugas, Florida, 2009
Abstract:
Underwater digital images, single-beam bathymetry, and global positioning system (GPS) data were collected June 13-14, 2009 at Pulaski Shoal within Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA. A total of 195,406 images of the seafloor and water column were collected along pre-defined transect lines and organized into 3 sets: track1, track2, and track3. This data release contains a subset of those images (32,135 images), all of which were used for benthic habitat classification, and contain GPS data. The data were collected using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shallow Along Track Reef Imaging System (sATRIS), a boat-based, pole-mounted sensor package for mapping shallow-water benthic environments. Two other implementations exist: A towed system called Deep ATRIS and a profiling system called Drift ATRIS. All three ATRIS implementations incorporate a digital still camera and an acoustic depth sounder.
Supplemental_Information:
sATRIS images were saved in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format using a quality factor of 1000 (highest quality/minimal compression). Since the camera and depth sounder are co-located, sounding data corresponds to the distance of the camera above the seafloor. Because the camera and depth sounder are separated from the GPS antenna (Ashtech Marine antenna, Model 111661, S/N 6655) by a fixed distance (408.94 cm), water depth can be estimated from these distance measurements. GPS position, collection date and time, and camera distance-above-seafloor are stored in the Exchangable Image File format (Exif) header of most images. More information on ATRIS can be found in Lidz and Zawada, 2013.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20171222, Shallow Along Reef Track Imaging System (sATRIS) Images – Dry Tortugas, Florida, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7CZ35CT, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.84604733
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.79510833
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.71867934
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.67856574
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 13-Jun-2009
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Image
      This is a Raster data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983 (2011).
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.25722210100002.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (GEOID12A)
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.20
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    All Exif headers contain: Caption, Artist, Credit, Copyright, CopyrightNotice, Comment, Keywords, Contact, Caption-Abstract, GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef, water depth (labeled as GPSAltitude), GPSAltitudeRef, camera distance to seafloor (labeled as SubjectDistance), GPSTimeStamp, GPSDateStamp. Information is duplicated in some tags, this was done because different software packages access different tags.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.2.5.0): Exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -GPSAltitude -GPSAltitudeRef -n -SubjectDistance -Artist -Credit -Comment -Keywords -Caption -Caption-Abstract -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Contact -ImageDescription directoryname/*.jpg > out.csv. The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    David Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    727 502-8181 (FAX)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET

Why was the data set created?

These data were collected to support the Benthic Habitat Mapping & Monitoring task of the USGS Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/). Benthic community composition, topographic relief, areal extent, and temporal stability are critical factors that contribute to the value of a given marine habitat. With the emergence of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a priority management tool for protecting coral reef resources, knowledge of these essential habitat components is paramount for designing effective strategies for the management of marine reserves. This dataset was acquired during USGS field activity number 09DAF01, additional survey and data details are available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=09DAF01.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 11-Dec-2009 (process 1 of 7)
    High-resolution, geo-located images of the seafloor were captured between June 13 and 14, 2009, to characterize the seafloor and ground truth benthic habitat mapping efforts. The sATRIS was deployed from the USGS research vessel (R/V) Halimeda, running at a nominal speed of 2 knots and following pre-determined survey tracklines. GPS data were simultaneously collected at a fixed land-based location (24 37 46.70015 N, 82 52 22.29828 W) and on the R/V Halimeda during image and bathymetry acquisition using Ashtech Z-Xtreme GPS receivers. In this study, sATRIS images were collected at a rate of 5 hertz (Hz), the single-beam depth soundings at 10 Hz, and the GPS data at 1 Hz. The GPS data were differentially corrected using GrafNav Version 8.40.5121, converted to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (using the GEOID12A model), and have sub-decimeter accuracy. Please note that these data are not suitable for navigational use, nor for determining absolute elevation measurements. Person who carried out this activity:
    BJ Reynolds
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Engineering Technician
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8067 (voice)
    breynolds@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET
    Date: 10-Jun-2011 (process 2 of 7)
    Water depths were computed for each sATRIS image with valid, differentially-corrected GPS and depth-sounder data using USGS-developed software. Not all images have valid GPS and/or sounder data. These images could not be differentially-corrected, and no water depths were computed for them, so they were excluded from this data release. All the data collected during this survey are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9-5 ET
    Date: 15-Dec-2016 (process 3 of 7)
    Raw sATRIS images exhibit barrel distortion due to the wide-angle camera lens. The images in this data release were corrected using an in-house image de-warping algorithm (Zawada, 2003). Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9-5 ET
    Date: 15-Dec-2016 (process 4 of 7)
    Additional Exif header information was added to the images using ExifTool by Phil Harvey (https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/Exiftool/). A Java program was developed by USGS staff to make the Exif header editing process faster and more automated. The tags populated in the headers are: Caption, Artist, Credit, Copyright, CopyrightNotice, Comment, Keywords, Contact, Caption-Abstract, GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef, GPSAltitude, GPSAltitudeRef, SubjectDistance, GPSTimeStamp, GPSDateStamp. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 15-Dec-2016 (process 5 of 7)
    A Java program was developed to extract only the images that were both used for the habitat classification, and contained valid GPS and depth data. This subset of images is provided in this data release. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 19-Dec-2016 (process 6 of 7)
    Metadata created in Notepad++. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 7 of 7)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Lidz, BH and Zawada, DG, 2013, Possible Return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida: Journal of Coastal Research v. 29, p. 256-271.

    Online Links:

    D.G., Zawada, 2003, Image processing of underwater multispectral imagery: IEEE Journal. of Oceanic Engineering v. 28 (4), p. 583-594.

    Online Links:

    • 10.1109/JOE.2003.819157

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All soundings were collected with an Airmar EchoRange SS510 Smart Sonar Depth Sensor. Manufacturer specifications state a 9-degree beam angle; a Depth Reading Range of 0.4 m to 200 m; a Depth Resolution of 0.01 m; a Depth Precision of 0.25% at full range; and a Frequency of 200 kHz.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Sub-decimeter in horizontal accuracy.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Typically, sub-decimeter vertical elevation accuracies for these data are based on analysis of survey-line crossings. Vertical accuracies may differ based on the type of terrain and the accuracy of the GPS measurements.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Some of the sATRIS images collected during this survey did not have GPS and/or depth sounder data, due to drop-outs or recording errors. Images without GPS data could not be differentially corrected, and no water depths were computed for them, so they were excluded from this data release. Images without depth sounder data are included in this data release, but the depth and camera height information is missing from those images.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data cover the area specified for this project without any known issues.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Dave Zawada
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? DRTO2009_ATRIS_track1, DRTO2009_ATRIS_track2, DRTO2009_ATRIS_track3
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Dave Zawada
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Research Oceanographer
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727 502-8132 (voice)
dzawada@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/DRTO2009_ATRIS_metadata.faq.html>
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