Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20160707 Title: Single-Beam XYZ Point Coastal Bathymetry Data Collected in June 2014 from Fire Island, New York from the Wilderness Breach and Shoreface Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: DS 1007 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1007/downloads/201406_Single_Beam_XYZ.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Timothy R. Nelson Originator: Jennifer L. Miselis Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: Kathleen E. Wilson Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Owen T. Brenner Originator: Billy J. Reynolds Originator: Mark E. Hansen Publication_Date: 20160707 Title: Coastal Bathymetry Data Collected in June 2014 from Fire Island, New York: the Wilderness Breach and Shoreface Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: DS 1007 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1007 Description: Abstract: Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, collected bathymetric data along the upper shoreface and within the wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, in June 2014. The U.S. Geological Survey is involved in a post-Hurricane Sandy effort to map and monitor the morphologic evolution of the shoreface along Fire Island and model the evolution of the wilderness breach as a part of the Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B.During this study, bathymetry was collected with single-beam echo sounders and global positioning systems, mounted to personal watercraft, along the Fire Island shoreface and within the wilderness breach. Additional bathymetry was collected using backpack global positioning systems along the flood shoals and shallow channels within the wilderness breach. Purpose: To determine the change Hurricane Sandy caused in the shoreface morphology and breach evolution at Fire Island, New York, USA, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) conducted a bathymetric survey of Fire Island from June 10-20, 2014. The objectives of the data collection were to map the morphology of the shoreface and the wilderness breach as part of the USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B. This dataset, 201406_Single_Beam_XYZ.zip, consists of single-beam horizontal position and vertical elevation data collected along the Fire Island shoreface, onboard two personal watercraft (PWC) vessels. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20140610 Ending_Date: 20140620 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.228361 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.866257 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.746070 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.605501 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:dac73772-75c7-46fa-a99e-2fbee7e91717 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: interferometry Theme_Keyword: single-beam echo sounder Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Sandy Supplemental: Fire Island Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Sandy Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BARRIER ISLANDS Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BEACHES Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Fire Island Place_Keyword: Fire Island National Seashore Place_Keyword: Long Island Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: United States Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 2014 Access_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be referenced as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Use_Constraints: These data should not be used for navigational purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701-4846 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of the data is determined during data collection. This dataset is derived from a single field survey using identical equipment, set-ups, and staff; therefore, the dataset is internally consistent. Methods are employed to maintain data collection consistency. During mobilization, each piece of equipment is isolated to obtain internal and external offset measurements with respect to the survey mount. All the critical measurements are recorded manually and digitally entered into their respective programs. For single-beam soundings, the distance between the transducer and the GPS antenna was measured for each personal watercraft and accounted for during post-processing. For the base stations, the Ashtech ProFlex 500 system has a long static horizontal accuracy of 0.3 centimeters (cm) and 0.6 cm vertical accuracy. For the rovers, the post-processed kinematic horizontal instrument accuracy is 1 cm, and vertical accuracy is 2 cm. The Echotrac CV100 Digital Hydrographic Echo Sounder has a vertical accuracy of 0.01 m 0.1% depth. Logical_Consistency_Report: The U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected shallow water bathymetric data of the shoreface and the wilderness breach on Fire Island, New York, in June 2014.The U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected shallow water bathymetric data of the shoreface and Wilderness Breach on Fire Island, New York, in June 2014. This zip archive contains the post-processed personal watercraft elevation and GPS data (X, Y, Z) from June 2014. Refer to online data series for equipment descriptions and survey information. Completeness_Report: This zip archive contains a horizontal position and vertical elevation xyz single-beam data from June 2014 collected within the wilderness breach and shoreface. Users are advised to read online Data Series and the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The GPS antenna and receiver acquisition configuration used at the reference station was duplicated on the survey vessel (rover). The base receiver and the rover receiver record their positions concurrently at 10Hz recording intervals throughout the survey. All processed measurements are referenced to the base station coordinates. All static base station GPS sessions were submitted for processing to the NOAA/NGS OPUS software. OPUS results provide an error measurement for each daily solution with a horizontal accuracy estimated as 0.4 cm root mean squared (RMS). The combined horizontal uncertainty is assumed to be at most half of the vertical offset. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 6.7 cm Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Static GPS data was processed using NOAA/NGS OPUS software and kinematic GPS data was processed with GrafNav v8.50 software by Novatel and Matlab R2015b. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The GPS antenna and receiver acquisition configuration used at the reference station was duplicated on the survey vessel (rover). The base receiver and the rover receiver record their positions concurrently at 10Hz recording intervals throughout the survey. All processed measurements are referenced to the base station coordinates. OPUS results provide an error measurement for each daily solution. Applying these error measurements, the vertical accuracy of the base station is estimated to be 0.2 cm root mean squared (RMS). The kinematic (rover) trajectories were processed using GrafNav v8.50 software by Novatel, Inc. and Matlab. Occurrences where a personal watercraft trackline crosses itself were evaluated to determine vertical uncertainty. The calculated RMS uncertainty is 13.3 cm. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 13.3 cm Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Static GPS data was processed using NOAA/NGS OPUS software and kinematic GPS data was processed with GrafNav v8.50 software by Novatel and Matlab R2015b. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: GPS Acquisition: GPS base stations were erected at benchmarks REST (near the town of Robins Rest) and U374 (NGS benchmark Permanent Identification number (PID#) KU0206) located on Fire Island. Base stations were equipped with Ashtech ProFlex 500 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The survey personal watercraft (PWC) (rovers) were equipped with ProFlex 500 GNSS receivers. The base and rover receivers recorded their positions concurrently at 10 Hertz (Hz) throughout the survey. Reference stations coordinates were verified with Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) sites using the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), available at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/). U374 used reference stations ZNY1, NYRH, CTDA, while REST used stations NYCI, NYRH, and MOR6. OPUS computed both reference stations had horizontal errors of 0.4 cm and vertical errors of 0.2 cm. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Mark E. Hansen Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8036 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mhansen@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Single-Beam Sounding Acquisition: The single-beam bathymetric data were collected on two Yamaha (2010 and 2013) VX Deluxe personal watercraft. Each PWC was fitted with a single-beam transducer below the waterline off the starboard stern, 1.11 m beneath the GPS antenna position. HYPACK version 2013 was used for positioning and navigation during the survey. Depth soundings were recorded at 10 Hertz (Hz), using an Odom Ecotrac CV-100 Digital Hydrographic Echo Sounder system with 200 kHz transducers with 4-degree (10 June 2014) and 9-degree (remainder of survey) transducers. Soundings were merged into a raw data file (.raw) and a sounding file (.bin) in Hypack. Each file was named according to transect number and coordinated universal time (UTC). Water column sound velocity measurements were collected periodically throughout the survey, using a SonTek CastAway conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) meter. Data were processed using SonTek CastAway CTD software version 1.5. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Single-Beam Differentially Corrected Navigation Processing: Horizontal positions and vertical elevations associated with each single-beam sounding were post-processed using differential corrections derived from the base/rover setup. Two GPS reference stations were used for the survey and were located at benchmarks U374 and REST. Applying the reference station coordinates, GPS data acquired from the rover were processed to the concurrent GPS session data at the base station- using GrafNav version 8.5 software (Waypoint Product Group). The horizontal and vertical coordinates were recorded in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) reference frame and exported as an ASCII file for each personal watercraft and each survey day. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Mark E. Hansen Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8036 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mhansen@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Single-Beam Data Processing: Single-beam soundings were merged with differentially processed GPS data and sound velocity profiles using Matlab R2014b. Each transect was visually inspected for elevation outliers and dropouts associated with wave breaking in the surf zone were manually corrected. Typically, the highest intensity return is generated by the seafloor surface. Breaking waves in the surf zone can create air bubbles in the water column and create an erroneous peak in waveform intensity, which causes errors in the interpreted seafloor reflection. When this situation was suspected, a corrected seafloor elevation was manually digitized by analyzing the complete waveform signal recorded by the Odom within the .bin data file. The soundings were corrected for the average speed of sound (table 1). A moving average filter was applied to the soundings to reduce instrument noise and the noise associated with the pitch and roll of the PWC. The depth soundings (from the transducer to the seafloor) were then adjusted to the depth from the GPS antenna and subsequently to the WGS84 ellipsoid. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Single-Beam Datum Transformation: NOAA's VDatum v3.3 was used to transform single-beam data points(x,y,z data) from their data acquisition datum (WGS84) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) reference frame and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) elevation using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) geoid model of 2012A (GEOID12A). For conversion from the WGS84 ellipsoid to NAVD88 there is a total of 5.4 cm of uncertainty in the transformation (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/docs/est_uncertainties.html). Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Single-Beam Error Analysis: The accuracy of the single-beam soundings was evaluated by identifying locations where survey track lines crossed and soundings from each line were horizontally within 0.25 m of each other. Any track line with a root mean square (RMS) error of 12.2 cm for a total of 732 crossings. Since the mean error between wave runners was 0.5 cm, which is below the minimum resolution of the echosounder, no correction offset was applied to the individual echosounders. Applying the square root of the sum of the datum conversion uncertainty and the sounding uncertainty resulted in a combined vertical error of 13.3 cm. Horizontal uncertainty is assumed to be half of the vertical uncertainty (6.7 cm) at most. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Merging Transects: Using Matlab R2015b, partial lines (the result of restarting the line in the middle of a transect) were subsequently merged with similar segments to create one seamless line. When repeats were present, only a single line was retained. The data were then combined into a single ASCII file consisting of position, elevation, line number, vessel number, and time of sampling. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th St. S City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2,967,455 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 m Altitude_Distance_Units: meter Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 201406_Single_Beam_XYZ.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Comma delimited xyz file Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting_m Attribute_Definition: NAD83 UTM x-axis coordinate (Zone 18) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 649872 Range_Domain_Maximum: 680161 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meter Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing_m Attribute_Definition: NAD83 UTM y-axis coordinate (Zone 18N) Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4497144 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4512085 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meter Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elev_NAVD8_m Attribute_Definition: z-value (elevation) in NAVD88 Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -18.83 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.16 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meter Attribute: Attribute_Label: Line_Num Attribute_Definition: Line Number Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 408 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Vessel Attribute_Definition: Vessel ID Number Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Date of Sample Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 20140610 14:37:17 Range_Domain_Maximum: 20140620 19:18:14 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Comma delimited xyz file containing UTM X, UTM Y locations and corresponding Z elevation value, all in meters. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The wilderness breach and shoreface point data for Fire Island, N.Y., created from data collected during a single-beam echosounder survey conducted between June 10, 2014, and June 20, 2014. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Person: Timothy R. Nelson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8098 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: trnelson@usgs.gov Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Survey DS 1007 Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII File_Decompression_Technique: ZIP Transfer_Size: 39.7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1007/downloads/201406_Single_Beam_XYZ.zip Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210922 Metadata_Review_Date: 20160128 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Kathleen E. Wilson Contact_Position: Researcher Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8099 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwilson@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998