Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2014 Title: EAARL-B Coastal Topography—Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy, 2012: Seamless (Bare Earth and Submerged) Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 888 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds888 Description: Abstract: This shapefile was produced from 53 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tile extents of remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements by the U.S. Geological Survey. Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 55 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters, resulting in a laser swath of approximately 240 meters with an average point spacing of 0.5–1.6 meters. The nominal vertical elevation accuracy expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE) is 5.24 centimeters for the bare earth topography. Additional data were insufficient to calculate an RMSE for the submerged topography. A peak sampling rate of 15–30 kilohertz results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. More than 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When resultant elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to produce highly detailed and accurate seamless digital elevation maps for part of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy (October 2012 hurricane), for use as a management tool and to make these data available to natural-resource managers and research scientists. Supplemental_Information: Raw lidar data are not in a format that is generally usable by natural-resource managers and research scientists for scientific analysis. Converting dense lidar elevation data into a readily usable format without loss of essential information requires specialized processing. The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has developed custom software to convert raw lidar data into a GIS-compatible map product to be provided to GIS specialists, managers, and scientists. The primary tool used in the conversion process is Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a multitiered processing system developed originally by a USGS-NASA collaborative project. Specialized processing algorithms are used to convert raw waveform lidar data acquired by the EAARL-B to georeferenced spot (x,y,z) returns for "first surface" and "bare earth" topography. The terms first surface and bare earth refer to the digital elevation data of the terrain, but although first-surface data include vegetation, buildings, and other manmade structures, bare-earth data do not. The zero crossing of the second derivative (that is, detection of stationary points) is used to detect the first return, resulting in "first surface" topography, whereas the trailing edge algorithm (that is, the algorithm searches for the location before the last return where direction changes along the trailing edge) is used to detect the range to the last return, or "bare earth" (the first and last returns being the first and last significant measurable part of the return pulse). Statistical filtering, known as the Random Consensus Filter (RCF), is used to remove false bottom returns and other outliers from the EAARL-B topography data. The filter uses a grid of non-overlapping square cells (buffer) of user-defined size overlaid onto the original point cloud. The user also defines the vertical tolerance (vertical width) based on the topographic complexity and point-sampling density of the data. The maximum allowable elevation range within a cell is established by this vertical tolerance. An iterative process searches for the maximum concentration of points within the vertical tolerance and removes those points outside of the tolerance (Nayegandhi and others, 2009). These data are then converted to the North American Datum of 1983 and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (using the GEOID12A model). The development of custom software for creating these data products has been supported by the U.S. Geological Survey CMGP's Lidar for Science and Resource Management project. Processed data products are used by the U.S. Geological Survey CMGP's National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project to quantify the vulnerability of shorelines to coastal change hazards such as severe storms, sea-level rise, and shoreline erosion and retreat. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20121027 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -28.62010867 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -27.37834358 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.51348849 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.91558570 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:c1b5c089-b15d-4aa5-8247-d6833772d691 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: Airborne Lidar Processing System Theme_Keyword: ALPS Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: DEM Theme_Keyword: EAARL-B Theme_Keyword: Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: Cessna 310 Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: LIDAR > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: distributions Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: altimetry Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Suffolk Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Stratum_Keyword: Seamless (bare earth and submerged) Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 2012 Temporal_Keyword: Pre-Hurricane Sandy Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as the originator of this file in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: Unclassified Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack 1; Esri ArcCatalog 10.1.1.3143 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: This shapefile represents the boundaries of the 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tiles into which the data were split where the upper-left bound can be ascertained quickly through the tile name attribute. The first 3 numbers in the tile name represent the left-most UTM east bounding coordinate (e###000) in meters, the next 4 numbers represent the top-most UTM north bounding coordinate (n####000) in meters, and the last 2 numbers (##) represent the UTM zone in which the tile is located (for example, t_e123_n4567_18). These 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tile extents were used to create this shapefile. Completeness_Report: This shapefile completely encompasses the provided lidar data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: EAARL data were split into 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tiles using ALPS, or the Airborne Lidar Processing System (20121105) and these extents were exported to an .xyz file (20140401). Process_Date: 20140401 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Melanie Masessa Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: GIS Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8096 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmasessa@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: The shapefile was created from the .xyz file using Global Mapper 14 by exporting vector areas to shapefile format. Process_Date: 20140401 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Melanie Masessa Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: GIS Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33712 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8096 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmasessa@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Process_Date: 20170124 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 53 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_NORTH_AMERICAN_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210100002 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PRSF_tile_extents Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: TILE_NAME Attribute_Definition: Tile name described by UTM Zone 18 easting and northing values (in meters). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey LSRM Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The first 3 numbers in the tile name attribute represent the left-most UTM east bounding coordinate (e###000) in meters, the next 4 numbers represent the top-most UTM north bounding coordinate (n####000) in meters, and the last 2 numbers (##) represent the UTM zone in which the tile is located (for example, t_e123_n4567_18). Attribute: Attribute_Label: TILE_NUMBE Attribute_Definition: Sequential unique whole number assigned to tiles (west-to-east, north-to-south) for identification. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey LSRM Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 53 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LABEL_POS Attribute_Definition: Spatial coordinates used to center display labels within tiles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey LSRM Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: UTM Zone 18 easting (X) and northing (Y) coordinates (in meters) used to center display labels within tiles. Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The shapefile includes sequential tile number labels, tile names, and label position coordinates. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1078/ Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Resource_Description: DS 888 Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile Format_Version_Date: 20140401 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds888 Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Contact U.S. Geological Survey Turnaround: Vary Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20121027 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Melanie Masessa Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: GIS Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8096 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmasessa@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time