U.S. Geological Survey 2015 vector digital data U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 960 St. Petersburg, Fla. U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/sandy_hook.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/barnegat_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/great_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/great_channel.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/ludlum_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/cape_may.zip Assessing the physical change to shorelines and wetlands is critical in determining the resiliency of wetland systems that protect adjacent habitat and communities. The wetland and back-barrier shorelines of New Jersey changed as a result of wave action and storm surge that occurred during Hurricane Sandy, which made landfall on October 29, 2012. The impact of Hurricane Sandy will be assessed and placed in its historical context to understand the future vulnerability of wetland systems. Making these assessments will rely on data extracted from current and historical resources such as maps, aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and lidar elevation data, which document physical changes over time. This USGS Data Series publication includes several open-ocean shorelines, back-island shorelines, back-island shoreline points, sand area polygons, and sand lines for the undeveloped areas of New Jersey's barrier islands that were extracted from orthoimagery (ortho aerial photography) dated from March 9, 1991 to July 30, 2013. This data-set consists of polygons that represent the sand areas found in orthoimagery taken on the date specified in the filename and in the "Date_" field in the feature attribute table. Orthoimagery of New Jersey were acquired in digital format from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and New Jersey Geographic Information Network (NJGIN). Prior to processing, the images were trimmed to remove the bulk of the areas that were not going to be analyzed. Using ERDAS Imagine 9.3, the images were classified into 40 classes that were coded as either sand or not sand. Due to varying conditions within the imagery, the coding occasionally varied from one area to another. Using ArcGIS 10.2, the resulting coded raster data-sets were converted to polygons and edited. The following list provides additional details about the orthoimagery used. The sand areas for each date and area is in a separate data-set (shapefile) named nj_sandpo_<range of dates>_<area name>.shp. The orthoimage date for each polygon is included in the shapefile attribute table's "Date_" field. Date Type Source Resolution 19910309-19910313 Pan USGS, DOQQ 1 m (meter) 19950325-19950407 CIR USGS, DOQQ 1 m 20020218-20020411 CIR NJGIN 1 m* 20060805-20060613 Natural USDA, NAIP 1 m 20070318-20070415 Natural NJGIN 1 m* 20080808-20080826 Natural USDA, NAIP 1 m 20100703-20100726 Natural USDA, NAIP 1 m 20120314-20120416 RGBI NJGIN 1 m* 20130707-20130730 Natural USDA, NAIP 1 m Pan - Panchromatic (1 band, gray scale) CIR - Color Infrared (infrared, red, green) Natural - Natural Color (red, green, blue) RGBI - Natural Color and Infrared (red, green, blue, and infrared) DOQQ - Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads NAIP - National Agriculture Imagery Program *Resampled from 1-foot resolution imagery then smoothed using a 3 pixel by 3 pixel focal mean. These data were extracted from orthoimagery to document the changes to sand areas in the undeveloped areas of New Jersey's barrier islands due to Hurricane Sandy and over time from 1991 to 2013. These data will aid in developing an assessment of the physical change in wetlands due to wave action and storm surge from Hurricane Sandy and in determining the resiliency of wetland systems that protect adjacent habitat and communities. 19910309 20130730 ground condition Complete None planned -74.905370 -73.973050 40.486412 38.927798 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5db61941-0133-45a7-9013-1cb0505b4815 None aerial photography remote sensing orthoimagery orthophotography sand overwash erosion beach Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) LAND SURFACE > LAND USE/LAND COVER > LAND COVER OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BARRIER ISLANDS COASTAL PROCESSES > BEACHES DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR None New Jersey Sandy Hook Barnegat Bay Great Bay Ludlum Bay Great Channel Cape May United States National Seashore Monmouth County Ocean County Atlantic County Cape May County General 1991 1995 2002 2006 2007 2008 2010 2012 2013 None. None. However, variability in image quality from one date to another, from one image to another on the same date, and from one part of a single image to another part of the same image, exists due to many factors including variation in sun angle, atmospheric conditions, season, reflectivity of the earth surface, camera angle, camera lens, camera settings, film sensitivity, water turbidity, water depth, tide level, waves, and error in image rectification. No adjustments were made to account for tide level. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Coastal and Marine Geology Program as the originator of these data in future products or derivative research. U.S. Geological Survey Kristy Guy mailing and physical

600 4th St. S.

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8000 727-502-8181 kguy@usgs.gov Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Coastal and Marine Geology Program as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other data-sets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552. The coding of the unsupervised classes may have varied within a single image due to varying image quality and surface conditions (such as the color of the sand in overwash and scoured beach areas and in areas adjacent to inlets). Inconsistencies due to differences in image quality should be expected. Not all of the orthoimagery data-sets covered the entire study area. No adjustments were made for varying tide levels. The October-November, 2012, imagery was not suitable for this type of analysis. Also, some areas in the Great Bay April 1, 2007, imagery were not suitable for this type of analysis so it includes only partial coverage. The March 11, 1991, imagery did not cover the entire Cape May study area. The horizontal accuracy of the data is unknown. USGS 2015 orthophotography http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ USGS online 19910309 19950407 ground condition USGS Orthoimagery This data source was used to identify sand areas. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2015 orthophotography http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx USDA online 20060805 20130730 ground condition USDA Orthoimagery This data source was used to identify sand areas. New Jersey Geographic Information Network (NJGIN) 2015 orthophotography https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/DataDownloads.jsp NJGIN online 20130315 20130315 ground condition NJGIN Orthoimagery This data source was used to hand-digitize a back-island shoreline. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2015 orthophotography http://storms.ngs.noaa.gov/storms/sandy/index.html NOAA online 20121031 20121106 ground condition NOAA Orthoimagery This data source was used to hand-digitize a back-island shoreline. Using ERDAS Imagine 9.3, the orthoimagery was trimmed to the study areas. Forty image classes were generated using the unsupervised classification method set to principal axis initializing, 1 standard deviation, 10 iterations maximum, 0.95 convergence threshold, skip factor of 1 for both x and y (no skipping), and zeroes not classified. The resulting classes were visually examined and coded as either sand or not sand. Using ArcGIS 10.2, the coded rasters were converted to sand area polygons. Polygons outside the island were deleted. Non-sand polygons within the main beach area with areas less than 25 square meters (m2) were merged with the sand area. Sand polygons with areas less than 100 m2 were deleted. The open-ocean shoreline edge of the polygons were trimmed and filled to a hand-digitized water line (the same-date open-ocean shoreline found within sshrln_*.shp, which is included in this Data Series publication) to simplify the irregular and misclassified areas caused by wet sand and waves. USGS Orthoimagery USDA Orthoimagery NJGIN Orthoimagery NOAA Orthoimagery 2015 sandpo_*.shp USGS mailing and physical

600 4th St. S.

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8000 727-502-8181 Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) If unable to reach the contact by telephone, please leave a voice message. Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector GT-polygon composed of chains 6135 Universal Transverse Mercator 18 0.9996 -75.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meter North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 sandpo_*.shp Polygons representing sand areas extracted from orthoimagery. USGS FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. Id User specified identifier. USGS 1 6135 Date_ Date of orthoimage source. USGS Date in month, day, year that the image was collected. This date may represent a date range if the exact date is unknown. If that is the case, the range of dates is stated in the Note attribute. YYYYMMDD Date of orthoimage source, formatted as an 8-digit number representing year, month, and day. USGS Date formatted as an 8-digit number representing year, month, and day. This date may represent a date range if the exact date is unknown. If that is the case, the range of dates is stated in the Note attribute. Note Additional information. USGS Additional text information. If the source orthoimage was taken within a range of dates, those dates are specified here. Kristy Guy U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Fla. GIS/RS Analyst mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8000 Monday-Friday, 9:00-5:00 Eastern Time DS 928 Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ArcGIS shapefile https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/sandy_hook.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/barnegat_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/great_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/great_channel.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/ludlum_bay.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0960/downloads/cape_may.zip None if obtained online; otherwise prices vary. Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS, e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov). 20201013 USGS Kristy Guy mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8000 727-502-8181 kguy@usgs.gov Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 None. None. None. Unclassified NONE