Jennifer A. Flannery Julie N. Richey Lauren T. Toth Ilsa B. Kuffner Richard Z. Poore 20180618 Tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P90M2W6D St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CC0XS9 Jennifer A. Flannery Julie N. Richey Lauren T. Toth Ilsa B. Kuffner Richard Z. Poore 2018 Journal Article Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology AGU Publications This data release includes new, sub-annual Strontium/Calcium (Sr/Ca) and annual linear extension rates covering a period between 1980 and 2012 for five colonies of the massive coral, Orbicella faveolata (O. faveolata). All five coral colonies were collected live by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists from the Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP), Florida (FL) in August 2008 and May 2012. Sr/Ca ratios act as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) in the skeletons of aragonite producing organisms, such as massive corals. The Sr/Ca-SST proxy shows promise when applied to single O. faveolata colonies in the Atlantic/Caribbean regions, but it is currently unknown how well the Sr/Ca-SST proxy performs between colonies of this species. It is necessary to understand how well coral colonies from the same location replicate in order to examine and quantify uncertainty introduced from potential sample collection or subsampling errors. In order to examine both intra and intercolony Sr/Ca variability in O. faveolata, five live-top colonies were collected from the Dry Tortugas National Park, FL, USA in 2008 and 2012 and analyzed for Sr/Ca using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The root-mean-square (RMS) method produced a sub-annual RMS of 0.082 millimoles per mole (mmol/mol) and a mean-annual RMS of 0.070 mmol/mol. Results indicate that a minimum of three coral colonies should be replicated when performing Sr/Ca analysis in order to fully quantify errors induced by coral collection or subsampling. The coral samples and derived data were collected under the National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting permits DRTO-2008-SCI-0015 and DRT0-2012-SCI-0001; accession numbers DRTO-241 and DRTO-353. Cores were collected during USGS field activity numbers (FAN) 08CGS01 and 12CBC03; additional survey details are available at https://compass.er.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=08CGS01 and https://compass.er.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=12CBC03. 1980 2012 ground condition Complete None planned Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida -82.5 -81.5 25.0 24.0 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:4a1dffa5-e1bf-4fd9-b74a-476d8200855d None coral paleoclimatology Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans biota USGS Thesaurus coelenterates sclerochronology geochemistry Geographic Names Information System Dry Tortugas National Park Florida Keys Florida United States of America Global Change Master Science Directory seafloor None Modern None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Jennifer A. Flannery U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8043 jflannery@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. The USGS collected the coral cores used in this study in the area of Pulaski Shoal at the northern end of DRTO in August 2008 (O. faveolata colonies B3, B4, and C2) and in the North Key region in May 2012 (O. faveolata colonies NK1 and NK2). Subsampling of all coral colonies was done using a tri-axial micromill with a 0.5mm forward increment, and 1.5 mm cut depth, and a 0.5 millimeter (mm) drill bit along a continuous thecal wall. Between 88 and 237 micrograms (μg) of subsampled skeletal powder was weighed out for each sample from each of the coral colonies and acidified using ultrapure 2% nitric acid (HNO3) in order to obtain sample solutions with a target Ca concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm). A PerkinElmer 7300 dual view ICP-OES was used to make the sub-annual Sr/Ca determinations. The resulting Sr/Ca annual cycles were used to compute annual linear extension rates by measuring the distance between each summer peak. 2012 Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov None Vector DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_LER_1980_2012.csv, DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_LER_1980_2012.xlsx These files contain attribute information for the sub-annual Sr/Ca and annual linear extension rate (LER) data collected from five modern Orbicella faveolata colonies (B3, B4, C2, NK1, and NK2) spanning 1980–2012. When viewing DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_LER_1980_2012.csv, please note that empty fields (when no data are available) are not represented by any characters in this Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, thus one only sees the separator commas “,”. To view the data in a tab-delimited format arranged by column, please use the Excel spreadsheet. USGS Date B3 Sub-Annual Date for the sub-annual Sr/Ca data acquired from Pulaski Shoal for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 1980.054 2008.917 Decimal Year B3 Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.930 9.413 mmol/mol Date B4 Sub-Annual Date for the sub-annual Sr/Ca data acquired from Pulaski Shoal for coral core B4 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 1982.625 2008.458 Decimal Year B4 Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core B4 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.950 9.472 mmol/mol Date C2 Sub-Annual Date for the sub-annual Sr/Ca data acquired from Pulaski Shoal for coral core C2 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 1980.000 2008.542 Decimal Year C2 Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core C2 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.894 9.409 mmol/mol Date NK1 Sub-Annual Date for the sub-annual Sr/Ca data acquired from North Key for coral core NK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 1997.646 2012.208 Decimal Year NK1 Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core NK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.891 9.476 mmol/mol Date NK2 Sub-Annual Date for the sub-annual Sr/Ca data acquired from North Key for coral core NK2 (Orbicella faveolata). Cells with no data are represented as -999. USGS 1989.375 2012.208 Decimal Year NK2 Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub-Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core NK2 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.900 9.447 mmol/mol Date Date, in YYYY format, for each study site's corresponding linear extension rate values. USGS 1980 2011 Year B3 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 0.55 1.25 cm/yr B4 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core B4 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 0.35 0.80 cm/yr C2 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core C2 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 0.50 1.00 cm/yr NK1 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core NK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 0.80 1.30 cm/yr NK2 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core NK2 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 0.55 1.05 cm/yr The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Jennifer A. Flannery U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8043 jflannery@usgs.gov This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. CSV (Comma Separated Values) None https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P90M2W6D/data/DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_LER_1980_2012.zip None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. 20201013 Jennifer A. Flannery U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Chemist mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8043 jflannery@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998